安装PostgreSQL 9.6为例:?
安装
Install the repository RPM
yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/9.6/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat96-9.6-3.noarch.rpm
Install the client packages
yum install postgresql96
Install the server packages
yum install postgresql96-server
Initialize the database and enable automatic start
/usr/pgsql-9.6/bin/postgresql96-setup initdb
systemctl enable postgresql-9.6
systemctl start postgresql-9.6?
配置
编辑/var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/postgresql.conf,修改listen_addresses,监听所有地址:
listen_addresses = ‘*‘
编辑/var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_hba.conf,修改认证方式:
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local?? all???????????? all???????????????????????????????????? trust
# IPv4 local connections:
host??? all???????????? all???????????? 127.0.0.1/32??????????? ident
host??? all???????????? all???????????? 0.0.0.0/0????????????????? md5
重启PostgreSQL
systemctl restart postgresql-9.6?
认证方式
认证方式支持"trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "gss", "sspi", "ident", "peer", "pam", "ldap", "radius" , "cert"。
- trust? 任何人都可以访问数据库,需要指定数据库用户名。如上,本地可以使用psql -U postgres连接数据库(当未指定数据库用户名时,默认为root)。
- password? 密码认证,发送明文密码
- md5? 密码认证,发送经MD5加密的密码,假如数据库服务器IP是10.188.13.29,则可以这样访问:psql -h 10.188.13.29 -U postgres,回车后会提示输入密码。
- ident? 从ident server获取客户端操作系统的用户名,当与数据库用户名匹配时则可访问。当ident配置在local连接时,将使用peer替代。存在安全隐患,仅适用于封闭网络,不建议使用。
- peer? 从kernel获取客户端操作系统的用户名,当与数据库用户名匹配时则可访问,仅用于local连接。如local配置为peer时,可以这样访问psql -U postgres
当操作系统用户名与数据库用户名不一致时可以在文件pg_ident.conf中配置map关系,如下:# MAPNAME?????? SYSTEM-USERNAME???????? PG-USERNAME omicron????????????? root?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? postgres
然后在pg_hba.conf中配置使用map:
local?? all???????????? all??????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ?? peer map=omicron host??? all???????????? all???????????? 127.0.0.1/32??????????? ident map=omicron
PSQL
连接PostgreSQL
psql -U postgres
更多参数可以查看帮助psql --help
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刷新配置
修改配置文件后,可执行以下命令刷新配置:
select pg_reload_conf();
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更改密码
ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD ‘postgres‘;
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查看用户
select * from pg_shadow;
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查看data文件夹所在目录
show data_directory;
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创建用户
CREATE USER test WITH PASSWORD ‘test‘;
ALTER USER test WITH SUPERUSER;
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创建SCHEMA
CREATE SCHEMA test;
ALTER SCHEMA test OWNER TO test;
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查看SCHEMA
\dn
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设置Search Path
SET search_path TO test;
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执行sql脚本
\i test.sql
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Sequence
查询sequence(currval(), nextval())
select nextval(‘test_sequence‘);
更新sequence
alter sequence test_sequence restart with 42;
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退出
\q
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帮助
help
\?
\h
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备份与恢复
pg_dump -h host1?-U postgres [-n schema]?dbname > outfile
psql -U postgres dbname < infile
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也可直接备份data目录
tar -cf backup.tar /usr/local/pgsql/data
存储过程
清空所有表数据的一个小存储过程(schema名称为test):
--?FUNCTION:?test.truncatealltable()??
??
--?DROP?FUNCTION?test.truncatealltable();??
??
CREATE?OR?REPLACE?FUNCTION?test.truncatealltable()??
????RETURNS?text??
????LANGUAGE?‘plpgsql‘??
??
AS?$BODY$??
??
DECLARE??
????cur_all_tables?CURSOR?FOR??
??????select?relname?from?pg_class??
??????where?relnamespace?=?(select?oid?from?pg_namespace?where?nspname?=?‘test‘)??
????????and?relkind?=?‘r‘?order?by?relname;??
????truncate_sql?CHARACTER?VARYING(100);??
?????
BEGIN??????
????FOR?record?IN?cur_all_tables??
????LOOP?????????????
????????truncate_sql?:=?concat(‘truncate?table?test.‘,?record.relname,?‘?cascade‘);??
????????EXECUTE?truncate_sql;??????????
????END?LOOP;??
??
????return?‘success‘;??
END??
??
$BODY$;??
原文地址:http://blog.51cto.com/7308310/2086943