实验拓扑：
RHEL6.5_1
-----CentOS6.5（vmnet1）----------（vmnet1）
RHEL6.5_2
实验一：搭建PXE装机服务器
操作系统：RHEL 6.5
网卡连接：eth0 （VMnet1）
主机名：svr5.tarena.com
IP地址：192.168.4.5/24
关闭 iptables 防火墙、SELinux防护机制
1.检查实验环境
[[email protected] ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:57:1E:86
inet addr:192.168.4.5 Bcast:192.168.4.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
...
[[email protected] ~]# hostname
svr5.tarena.com
[[email protected] ~]# yum repolist
[[email protected] ~]# iptables -F
[[email protected] ~]# service iptables save
[[email protected] ~]# grep SELINUX=disabled /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled
[[email protected] ~]# setenforce 0
2.配置YUM源（真实机之前已经配置好了，过程略...）
检查一下
ftp://192.168.4.1/pub/iso/rhel6.5
3.配置DNS
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -q bind bind-chroot
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install bind bind-chroot bind-utils
[[email protected] ~]# cp -p /etc/named.conf /etc/named.conf.bak
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
...
11 listen-on port 53 { any; };
12 // listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
...
17 allow-query { any; };
...
42 zone "tarena.com" IN {
43 type master;
44 file "tarena.com.zone";
45 };
46
47 zone "4.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
48 type master;
49 file "192.168.4.arpa";
50 };
...
[[email protected] ~]# named-checkconf /etc/named.conf
[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/named/
[[email protected] named]# cp -p named.empty tarena.com.zone
[[email protected] named]# cat tarena.com.zone
$TTL 3H
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
2015011401 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
IN NS dns1.tarena.com.
dns1 IN A 192.168.4.5
$GENERATE 100-200 pc$ IN A 192.168.4.$
[[email protected] named]# cp -p tarena.com.zone 192.168.4.arpa
[[email protected] named]# cat 192.168.4.arpa
$TTL 3H
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
2015011401 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
IN NS dns1.tarena.com.
5 IN PTR dns1.tarena.com.
$GENERATE 100-200 $ IN PTR pc$.tarena.com.
[[email protected] ~]# rndc-confgen -r /dev/urandom -a
[[email protected] ~]# service named restart
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig named on
[[email protected] ~]# host pc100.tarena.com 192.168.4.5
[[email protected] ~]# host 192.168.4.150 192.168.4.5
4.配置DHCP
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -q dhcp
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install dhcp
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
option domain-name "tarena.com";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.4.5;
default-lease-time 7200;
max-lease-time 14400;
subnet 192.168.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.4.100 192.168.4.200;
option routers 192.168.4.1;
next-server 192.168.4.5;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
[[email protected] ~]# service dhcpd restart
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on
5.配置TFTP
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -q tftp-server
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install tftp-server
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig tftp on
[[email protected] ~]# service xinetd restart
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig xinetd on
[[email protected] named]# netstat -anptu | grep xinetd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:69 0.0.0.0:* 2526/xinetd
6.准备启动文件
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install syslinux
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/share/syslinux/
[[email protected] syslinux]# cp pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
[[email protected] syslinux]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot/
[[email protected] tftpboot]# yum -y install wget
[[email protected] tftpboot]# wget ftp://192.168.4.1/pub/iso/rhel6.5/isolinux/vmlinuz
[[email protected] tftpboot]# wget ftp://192.168.4.1/pub/iso/rhel6.5/isolinux/initrd.img
[[email protected] tftpboot]# ls
initrd.img pxelinux.0 vmlinuz
7.测试tftp
[[email protected] tftpboot]# cd /tmp/
[[email protected] tmp]# yum -y install tftp
[[email protected] tmp]# tftp 192.168.4.5 -c get pxelinux.0
[[email protected] tmp]# ls -lh pxelinux.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27K 1月 14 14:43 pxelinux.0
8.配置启动菜单
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/
[[email protected] pxelinux.cfg]# wget ftp://192.168.4.1/pub/iso/rhel6.5/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
[[email protected] pxelinux.cfg]# mv isolinux.cfg default
准备应答文件
找一台已装好的RHEL6.5模板客户机（本例中可选PXE服务器本机），通过system-config-kickstart工具创建rhel6-ks.cfg应答文件
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install system-config-kickstart
[[email protected] ~]# system-config-kickstart //在图形桌面下运行，详细见截图
!!!! 基本配置：指定默认语言、时区、根口令（redhat）
!!!! 安装方式：新安装、FTP安装（192.168.4.1、/pub/iso/rhel6.5）
!!!! 分区信息：清除主引导记录、删除所有现存分区、初始化磁盘标签、/boot 200MB、SWAP 2GB、/ 剩余空间
!!!! 网络配置：第一块网卡DHCP自动获取
!!!! 防火墙配置：禁用SELinux、禁用防火墙
!!!! 软件包选择：不安装图形桌面
将文件另存为/root/rhel6.5-ks.cfg
2.将生成rhel6.5-ks.cfg文件上传到ftp服务器上面
[[email protected] ~]# scp /root/rhel6.5-ks.cfg [email protected]:/var/ftp/pub/
[[email protected] ~]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default //修改引导配置文件
default linux //默认从哪个标签引导系统
prompt 1 //是否交互式安装
timeout 600 //进入默认系统的等待超时（单位:1/10秒）
label linux //定义名为linux的标签
kernel vmlinuz //选择此标签时，需要加载的内核文件
append ks=ftp://192.168.4.1/pub/rhel6.5-ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img //下载并启用自动应答文件
3.检查ftp://192.168.4.1上面的文件
[[email protected] ~]# elinks --dump ftp://192.168.4.1/pub/rhel6.5-ks.cfg
4.启动一台裸客户机（新建虚拟机），测试无人值守安装
!!!! 安装设置过程会自动应答，免手工交互
!!!! 等待客户机系统安装完成
实验三：安装后脚本操作
安装完成后自动配置yum客户端文件
自动安装httpd服务并设置开机启动
配置默认网页内容为"I Love Studying..."
1.直接编辑FTP服务器上的ks文件，在最下面添加如下内容
[[email protected] ~]# vim /var/ftp/pub/rhel6.5-ks.cfg
...
%post --interpreter=/bin/bash
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
echo ‘[rhel6]
name=RedHat Linux 6.5
baseurl=ftp://192.168.4.1/pub/iso/rhel6.5
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0‘ > /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel6.repo
yum clean all
yum -y install httpd
echo ‘I Love Studying...‘ > /var/www/html/index.html
/etc/init.d/httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
%end
2.启动一台裸客户机（新建虚拟机），测试无人值守安装
3.检查装好的客户机，确认POST脚本设置结果
[[email protected] ~]# ifconfig eth0 | grep "inet addr" //查看自动配置的IP地址
inet addr:192.168.4.100 Bcast:192.168.4.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list httpd //查看Web服务的自启动态
httpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:关闭
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install elinks //确保可yum安装软件包
[[email protected] ~]# elinks --dump http://127.0.0.1 //访问测试网页
I Love Linux...