P38——Python哲学
打开Python shell,输入import this,会看到下面的话:
The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
Beautiful is better than ugly.优美胜于丑陋(Python 以编写优美的代码为目标)
Explicit is better than implicit.明了胜于晦涩(优美的代码应当是明了的,命名规范,风格相似)
Simple is better than complex.简洁胜于复杂(优美的代码应当是简洁的,不要有复杂的内部实现)
Complex is better than complicated.复杂胜于凌乱(如果复杂不可避免,那代码间也不能有难懂的关系,要保持接口简洁)
Flat is better than nested.扁平胜于嵌套(优美的代码应当是扁平的,不能有太多的嵌套)
Sparse is better than dense.间隔胜于紧凑(优美的代码有适当的间隔,不要奢望一行代码解决问题)
Readability counts.可读性很重要(优美的代码是可读的)
Special cases aren‘t special enough to break the rules.即便假借特例的实用性之名,也不可违背这些规则(这些规则至高无上)
Although practicality beats purity.不要包容所有错误,除非你确定需要这样做(精准地捕获异常,不写 except:pass 风格的代码)
Errors should never pass silently.错误不应该被无声的忽略
Unless explicitly silenced.除非明确的沉默
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.当存在多种可能,不要尝试去猜测
There should be one—— and preferably only one ——obvious way to do it.而是尽量找一种,最好是唯一一种明显的解决方案(如果不确定,就用穷举法)
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you‘re Dutch.虽然这并不容易,因为你不是 Python 之父(这里的 Dutch 是指 Guido )
Now is better than never.现在做总比不做好
Although never is often better than "right" now.尽管过去从未比现在好
If the implementation is hard to explain , it‘s a bad idea.做也许好过不做,但不假思索就动手还不如不做(动手之前要细思量)
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.如果你无法向人描述你的方案,那肯定不是一个好方案;反之亦然(方案测评标准)
Namespaces are one honking great idea —— let‘s do more of those!命名空间是一种绝妙的理念,我们应当多加利用(倡导与号召)
P40——print打印
通配符的使用
# %s 只能打印字符串
name = "zhangsan"
print("hello, %s" %name)
# %d 只能打印数字
number = 10
print("Number is %d" %number)
# %r 打印任意类型
n = 100
print("You print is %r ." %n)
input输入,在Python2中为了避免读取非字符串类型可能发生的错误,使用raw_input()代替input()
n = input("Enter any content:")
print ("Your input is %r " %n)
P43——分支与循环
if 语句
a = 2
b = 3
if a > b:
print("a max!")
else:
print("b max!")
in和not In
alphabet = "abc"
if "a" in alphabet:
print("Contain")
else:
print("Not Contain")
if_elif_elif_else
results = 72
if results >=90:
print("优秀")
elif results >=70:
print("良好")
elif results >=60:
print("及格")
else:
print("不及格")
for语句
打印字符信息
for i in "Hello world":
print(i)
打印数组信息
fruits = [‘banana‘,‘apple‘,‘mango‘]
for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)
rang()函数从零开始循环,range(start,end,[,step]),start开始位置,end结束位置,step循环间隔
for i in rang(5):
print(i)
P47——数组和字典
数组
lists = [1,2,‘c‘,4]
# 显示所有数组信息
lists
# 显示对应下标元素信息
lists[0]
# 修改对应下标元素信息
lists[1] = ‘b‘
# 想数组末尾增加数组元素
lists.append(‘5‘)
字典
dict = {"userName":"zhangsan","password":123}
# 获取键信息列表
dict.keys()
# 获取所有值信息列表
dict.values()
# 将所有的字典项以键值对列表方式返回
dict.items()
P49——函数、类、方法
函数
def add(a,b):
print(a+b)
add(2,5)
def add(a,b):
return a + b
add(2,3)
def add(a=1,b=5):
return a + b
add()
类和方法
init初始化方法重构
class sum():
def _init_(self,a,b):
self.a = int(a)
self.b = int(b)
def add(self):
return self.a + self.b
count = sum(‘2‘,4)
print(count.add())
引用第三方库
help(time)查看类库的说明
import time
print(time.ctime())
from time import ctime
print(time.ctime())
from time import *
print(time.ctime())
P56——跨目录调用模块,在Python2中需要创建一个_init_.py文件
import sys
sys.path.append("./model") # 将model目录添加到系统环境变量path下
from model import new_count
test = new_count.B()
test.add(2,4)
P60——异常
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/TomBombadil/p/10977526.html