linux之LAMP架构优化

访问需输入密码：

[[email protected] www]# pwd

/data/www

[[email protected] www]# mkdir abc

[[email protected] www]# cd abc/

[[email protected] abc]# ls

[[email protected] abc]# cp /etc/passwd ./12.txt

windows客户端可访问：

现访问需先通过认证，才能访问该文件。

[[email protected] abc]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

# ServerAdmin [email protected]

DocumentRoot "/data/www"

ServerName www.test.com

ServerAlias www.aaa.com

# ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"

# CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common

<Directory /data/www/abc>

AllowOverride AuthConfig

AuthName "frank share web"

AuthType Basic

AuthUserFile /data/.htpasswd

require valid-user

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

[[email protected] abc]# vim /etc/profile.d/path.sh

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/apache2/bin

[[email protected] abc]# !source

source /etc/profile.d/path.sh

[[email protected] abc]# htpasswd -c /data/.htpasswd user1

New password:

Re-type new password:

Adding password for user user1

[[email protected] abc]# cat /data/.htpasswd

user1:piGphq8lkIbXM

[[email protected] abc]# htpasswd  /data/.htpasswd user2

New password:

Re-type new password:

Adding password for user user2

[[email protected] abc]# !cat

cat /data/.htpasswd

user1:piGphq8lkIbXM

user2:sssH0X1U8VwUs

[[email protected] abc]# apachectl graceful

windows访问：

输入用户、密码后：

默认虚拟主机配置：

windows客户端

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc中hosts文件：

当访问www.test.com、www.aaa.com时，能访问网站，当其他域名解析到该IP时，也能访问该IP。如下：

访问www.111.com

现www.111.com使之不能访问，使访问到默认的虚拟主机

[[email protected] abc]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

DocumentRoot "/tmp/123"

ServerName 111.com

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>

# ServerAdmin [email protected]

DocumentRoot "/data/www"

ServerName www.test.com

ServerAlias www.aaa.com

# ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"

# CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common

<Directory /data/www/abc>

AllowOverride AuthConfig

AuthName "frank share web"

AuthType Basic

AuthUserFile /data/.htpasswd

require valid-user

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

[[email protected] abc]# apachectl -t

Warning: DocumentRoot [/tmp/123] does not exist

Syntax OK

[[email protected] abc]# mkdir /tmp/123

[[email protected] abc]# chmod 600 /tmp/123/

[[email protected] abc]# apachectl -t

Syntax OK

[[email protected] abc]# apachectl restart

windows访问：www.111.com 、www.test.com

域名跳转：

[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

# ServerAdmin [email protected]

DocumentRoot "/data/www"

ServerName www.test.com

ServerAlias www.aaa.com

# ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"

# CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

RewriteEngine on

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.aaa.com$

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.test.com/$1 [R=301,L]

</IfModule>

<Directory /data/www/abc>

AllowOverride AuthConfig

AuthName "frank share web"

AuthType Basic

AuthUserFile /data/.htpasswd

require valid-user

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl -t

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl graceful

windows访问www.aaa.com,自动跳转至www.test.com

[[email protected] ~]# curl -x192.168.137.22:80 www.aaa.com/fff -I

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently

Date: Tue, 09 Jun 2015 03:36:02 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.24 (Unix) PHP/5.3.27

Location: http://www.test.com/fff

Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

在虚拟主机中加：

[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

# ServerAdmin [email protected]

DocumentRoot "/data/www"

ServerName www.test.com

ServerAlias www.aaa.com

ServerAlias www.bbb.com

# ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"

# CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

RewriteEngine on

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.aaa.com$ [OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.bbb.com$

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.test.com/$1 [R=301,L]

</IfModule>

<Directory /data/www/abc>

AllowOverride AuthConfig

AuthName "frank share web"

AuthType Basic

AuthUserFile /data/.htpasswd

require valid-user

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl -t

Syntax OK

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl graceful

window上写hosts文件：

windows上访问www.bbb.com自动跳转到www.test.com

[[email protected] ~]# curl -x192.168.137.22:80 www.bbb.com/fff -I

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently

Date: Tue, 09 Jun 2015 03:53:52 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.24 (Unix) PHP/5.3.27

Location: http://www.test.com/fff

Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

apache日志切割

[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

# ServerAdmin [email protected]

DocumentRoot "/data/www"

ServerName www.test.com

ServerAlias www.aaa.com

ServerAlias www.bbb.com

ErrorLog "logs/test.com_error_log"

CustomLog "logs/test.com-access_log" combined

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

RewriteEngine on

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.aaa.com$ [OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.bbb.com$

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.test.com/$1 [R=301,L]

</IfModule>

<Directory /data/www/abc>

AllowOverride AuthConfig

AuthName "frank share web"

AuthType Basic

AuthUserFile /data/.htpasswd

require valid-user

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl -t

Syntax OK

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl graceful

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/apache2/logs/

[[email protected] logs]# ls

test.com_error_log               test.com-access_log

[[email protected] logs]# cat test.com-access_log

[[email protected] logs]# cat test.com_error_log

[[email protected] logs]# cat  /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

[[email protected] logs]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

ErrorLog "logs/test.com_error_log"

CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache2/bin/rotatelogs -l /usr/local/apache2/logs/test.com-access_%Y%m%d_log 86400" combined

[[email protected] logs]# apachectl -t

Syntax OK

[[email protected] logs]# apachectl graceful

windows访问网站

[[email protected] logs]# ls

test.com-access_20150609_log

[[email protected] logs]# date -s "2015-07-17 10:14:45"

Fri Jul 17 10:14:45 CST 2015

[[email protected] logs]# ls

access_log  httpd.pid                     test.com-access_20150717_log  test.com_error_log

error_log   test.com-access_20150609_log  test.com-access_log

apache不记录指定文件类型日志

[[email protected] logs]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

ErrorLog "logs/test.com_error_log"

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.gif$" image-request

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.jpg$" image-request

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.png$" image-request

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.bmp$" image-request

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.swf$" image-request

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.js$" image-request

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.css$" image-request

CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache2/bin/rotatelogs -l /usr/local/apache2/logs/test.com-access_%Y%m%d_log 86400" combined env=!image-request

[[email protected] logs]# apachectl -t

Syntax OK

[[email protected] logs]# apachectl graceful

客户端访问：

[[email protected] logs]# ls

[[email protected] logs]# less  test.com-access_20150718_log

apache配置静态缓存

[[email protected] logs]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

# ServerAdmin [email protected]

DocumentRoot "/data/www"

ServerName www.test.com

ServerAlias www.aaa.com

ServerAlias www.bbb.com

ErrorLog "logs/test.com_error_log"

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.gif$" image-request

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.jpg$" image-request

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.png$" image-request

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.bmp$" image-request

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.swf$" image-request

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.js$" image-request

SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.css$" image-request

CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache2/bin/rotatelogs -l /usr/local/apache2/logs/test.com-access_%Y%m%d_log 86400" combined env=!image-request

<IfModule mod_expires.c>

ExpiresActive on

ExpiresByType image/gif  "access plus 1 days"

ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 24 hours"

ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 24 hours"

ExpiresByType text/css "now plus 2 hour"

ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "now plus 2 hours"

ExpiresByType application/javascript "now plus 2 hours"

ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "now plus 2 hours"

ExpiresDefault "now plus 0 min"

</IfModule>

[[email protected] logs]# apachectl graceful

[[email protected] logs]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 ‘http://www.test.com/static/image/common/logo_88_31.gif‘ -I

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2015 02:30:55 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.24 (Unix) PHP/5.3.27

Last-Modified: Tue, 09 Jun 2015 02:21:10 GMT

ETag: "ffa22-9e0-5180c695e1180"

Accept-Ranges: bytes

Content-Length: 2528

Cache-Control: max-age=86400

Expires: Sun, 19 Jul 2015 02:30:55 GMT

Content-Type: image/gif

apache配置防盗链

[[email protected] logs]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<IfModule mod_expires.c>

ExpiresActive on

ExpiresByType image/gif  "access plus 1 days"

ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 24 hours"

ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 24 hours"

ExpiresByType text/css "now plus 2 hour"

ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "now plus 2 hours"

ExpiresByType application/javascript "now plus 2 hours"

ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "now plus 2 hours"

ExpiresDefault "now plus 0 min"

</IfModule>

SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^http://.*\.test\.com" local_ref

SetEnvIfNoCase Referer ".*\.aaa\.com" local_ref

SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^$" local_ref

<filesmatch "\.(txt|doc|mp3|zip|rar|jpg|gif)">

Order Allow,Deny

Allow from env=local_ref

Deny from all

</filesmatch>

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

RewriteEngine on

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.aaa.com$ [OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.bbb.com$

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.test.com/$1 [R=301,L]

</IfModule>

<Directory /data/www/abc>

AllowOverride AuthConfig

AuthName "frank share web"

AuthType Basic

AuthUserFile /data/.htpasswd

require valid-user

</Directory>

[[email protected] logs]# apachectl -t

Syntax OK

[[email protected] logs]# apachectl graceful

apache访问控制

[[email protected] logs]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

# ServerAdmin [email protected]

DocumentRoot "/data/www"

ServerName www.test.com

ServerAlias www.aaa.com

ServerAlias www.bbb.com

<Directory "/data/www">

AllowOverride None

Options None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

Deny from 127.0.0.1

</Directory>

[[email protected] logs]# apachectl graceful

[[email protected] logs]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I www.text.com

HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden

Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2015 06:11:17 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.24 (Unix) PHP/5.3.27

Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

[[email protected] logs]# curl -x192.168.137.22:80 -I www.test.com

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently

Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2015 06:13:31 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.24 (Unix) PHP/5.3.27

X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.27

location: forum.php

Cache-Control: max-age=0

Expires: Sat, 18 Jul 2015 06:13:31 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

[[email protected] logs]# curl -x192.168.137.22:80 -I www.test.com/forum.php

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

包含admin的页面请求只允许特定IP

[[email protected] logs]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

# ServerAdmin [email protected]

DocumentRoot "/data/www"

ServerName www.test.com

ServerAlias www.aaa.com

ServerAlias www.bbb.com

<Directory "/data/www">

AllowOverride None

Options None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

Deny from 127.0.0.1

</Directory>

<filesmatch "(.*)admin(.*)">

Order deny,allow

Deny from all

Allow from 127.0.0.1

</filesmatch>

[[email protected] logs]# apachectl -t

[[email protected] logs]# apachectl restart

[[email protected] logs]# curl -x192.168.137.22:80 -I www.test.com/admin.php

HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden

Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2015 06:21:22 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.24 (Unix) PHP/5.3.27

Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

apache禁止解析php

[[email protected] 18]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

#          SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^http://.*\.test\.com" local_ref

#          SetEnvIfNoCase Referer ".*\.aaa\.com" local_ref

#          SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^$" local_ref

#          <filesmatch "\.(txt|doc|mp3|zip|rar|jpg|gif)">

#          Order Allow,Deny

#          Allow from env=local_ref

#          Deny from all

#    </filesmatch>

//将上一步做的防盗链取消了，不然影响后面实验

[[email protected] logs]# ls /data/www/

[[email protected] logs]# ls -l /data/www/data/

发表一个图片的帖子

[[email protected] logs]# cd /data/www/data/attachment/forum/

[[email protected] forum]# ls

201507

[[email protected] forum]# cd 201507/

[[email protected] 201507]# ls

18  index.html

[[email protected] 201507]# cd 18

[[email protected] 18]# ls

143402wcfzfhtlpb9lftpb.jpg  143827hm5f7mjkjwkrojrk.jpg  index.html

浏览器输入

http://www.test.com/data/attachment/forum/201507/18/143827hm5f7mjkjwkrojrk.jpg就能访问并解析了：

如果用户上传了病毒，如此访问后，就执行了。现禁止其解析

[[email protected] 18]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache2/bin/rotatelogs -l /usr/local/apache2/logs/test.com-access_%Y%m%d_log 86400" combined env=!image-request

<IfModule mod_expires.c>

ExpiresActive on

ExpiresByType image/gif  "access plus 1 days"

ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 24 hours"

ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 24 hours"

ExpiresByType text/css "now plus 2 hour"

ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "now plus 2 hours"

ExpiresByType application/javascript "now plus 2 hours"

ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "now plus 2 hours"

ExpiresDefault "now plus 0 min"

</IfModule>

#          SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^http://.*\.test\.com" local_ref

#          SetEnvIfNoCase Referer ".*\.aaa\.com" local_ref

#          SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^$" local_ref

#          <filesmatch "\.(txt|doc|mp3|zip|rar|jpg|gif)">

#          Order Allow,Deny

#          Allow from env=local_ref

#          Deny from all

#    </filesmatch>

<Directory /data/www/data>

php_admin_flag engine off

#    <filesmatch "(.*)php">

#            Order deny,allow

#            Deny from all

#            Allow from 127.0.0.1

#    </filesmatch>

</Directory>

[[email protected] 18]# cd /data/www/data/

[[email protected] data]# vim info.php

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

[[email protected] data]# apachectl -t

Syntax OK

[[email protected] data]# apachectl restart

浏览器访问

禁止解析，但可以下载，为防止文件被用户下载；

[[email protected] data]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

#          SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^http://.*\.test\.com" local_ref

#          SetEnvIfNoCase Referer ".*\.aaa\.com" local_ref

#          SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^$" local_ref

#          <filesmatch "\.(txt|doc|mp3|zip|rar|jpg|gif)">

#          Order Allow,Deny

#          Allow from env=local_ref

#          Deny from all

#    </filesmatch>

<Directory /data/www/data>

php_admin_flag engine off

<filesmatch "(.*)php">

Order deny,allow

Deny from all

Allow from 127.0.0.1

</filesmatch>

</Directory>

[[email protected] data]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.test.com/data/info.php

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">

<html><head>

<title>403 Forbidden</title>

//解析不出来

IP访问，也不能下载了

Apache禁止指定user_agent

[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

RewriteEngine on

RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}  ^.*cutl.* [NC,OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}  ^.*chrome* [NC]

RewriteRule  .*  -  [F]

</IfModule>

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl -t

Syntax OK

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl restart

[[email protected] ~]# curl -A ‘ADGE‘ -x192.168.137.22:80 www.test.com/forum.php -I

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

[[email protected] ~]# curl -A ‘abchrome‘ -x192.168.137.22:80 www.test.com/forum.php -I

HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden

apache通过rewrite限制某个目录

一些目录不允许用户访问

[[email protected] ~]# cd /data/www/

[[email protected] www]# ls

[[email protected] www]# mkdir tmp

[[email protected] www]# cd tmp/

[[email protected] tmp]# ls

[[email protected] tmp]# vim 12.txt

abc

客户端访问tmp/12.txt

现禁止其访问该目录

[[email protected] tmp]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

RewriteEngine on

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^.*/tmp/.* [NC]

RewriteRule .* - [F]

</IfModule>

[[email protected] tmp]# apachectl restart

该不目录不能被访问

php.in配置文件详解

[[email protected] tmp]# ls /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

[[email protected] tmp]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -i |head

Loaded Configuration File => /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

disable_functions =

display_errors = on

[[email protected] tmp]# apachectl graceful

[[email protected] tmp]# vim /data/www/forum.php

aaaaaa                                //随意加入一行，使网站文件出错

客户端访问后,报错出现在网页上，此会暴露网站漏洞之类、

[[email protected] tmp]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

display_errors = off

[[email protected] tmp]# apachectl graceful

现网页有错误后，不显示在网页上了。无报错。

[[email protected] tmp]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.test.com/forum.php -I

HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden

[[email protected] tmp]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

log_errors = On

error_log=/usr/local/php/logs/php_errors.log

[[email protected] tmp]# mkdir /usr/local/php/logs

[[email protected] tmp]# chmod 777 !$

chmod 777 /usr/local/php/logs

[[email protected] tmp]# !vim

vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE

[[email protected] tmp]# apachectl graceful

再次访问：网页无报错，但有报错日志产生：

[[email protected] tmp]# ls /usr/local/php/logs/

php_errors.log

[[email protected] tmp]# cat  /usr/local/php/logs/php_errors.log

[19-Jul-2015 21:45:05 Asia/Chongqing] PHP Parse error:  syntax error, unexpected T_STRING in /data/www/forum.php on line 11

[[email protected] tmp]# vim /data/www/forum.php

删除aaaaaa                           //即改回原文件，删除自己添加的错误配置

访问即正常：

[[email protected] tmp]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

open_basedir =/data/www:/tmp

//将访问限定在该目录下，（网站程序所在目录）---------安全选项

[[email protected] tmp]# apachectl graceful

[[email protected] tmp]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

# ServerAdmin [email protected]

DocumentRoot "/data/www"

ServerName www.test.com

ServerAlias www.aaa.com

ServerAlias www.bbb.com

php_admin_value open_basedir "/data/www:/tmp/"

//可在虚拟主机配置文件中，一个网站限制一个目录

[[email protected] tmp]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

#open_basedir =/data/www:/tmp                //注销php.ini里的限制

[[email protected] tmp]# apachectl graceful

访问正常：

[[email protected] tmp]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

php_admin_value open_basedir "/data/www2/:/tmp/"

//将访问目录改成/data/www2/，访问出错，因为该网站目录在/data/www下。

[[email protected] tmp]# tail /usr/local/php/logs/php_errors.log

//可查看报错日志

[[email protected] tmp]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

php_admin_value open_basedir "/data/www/:/tmp/"               //修改回

[[email protected] tmp]# apachectl graceful

时间： 2024-11-08 22:07:17

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