从spring3.2开始,支持servlet3的异步请求,这对于处理耗时的请求如缓慢的数据库查询是非常有好处的,不至于很快的耗光servlet的线程池,影响可扩展性。
让我们先来了解一下servlet是怎么处理异步操作的:
- 通过调用request.startAsync(),ServletRequest就变成异步模式。主要的影响是Servlet、Filter会退出,但是Response保持打开用来完成请求处理。
- 调用request.startAsync()返回AsyncContext实例,可进一步控制异步处理。例如,它提供dispatch方法,可
以从应用线程调用以分发请求回Servlet容器。异步调度和forward的方式是相似的,但是异步调度是由应用线程到Servlet容器线程产生的,
而forward的方式是同时发生在相同的Servlet容器线程。 - ServletRequest提供当前的DispatcherType,它可以用来在异步调度中区分正在处理的初始请求线程是Servlet还是Filter。
接着来看一下callable是怎么处理异步操作的:
- Controller返回一个Callable实例;
- Spring MVC开始异步处理并在一个单独的线程中,提交Callable实例给TaskExecutor处理;
- DispatcherServlet和所有的Filter退出请求线程但是response保存打开;
- Callable返回结果,Spring MVC分发请求回Servlet容器;
- DispatcherServlet重新调用并继续处理从Callable实例中异步返回的结果。
现在来看一下代码是怎么实现的
1、pom.xml
<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>3.2.13.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>3.2.13.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
2、applicationContext-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd "> <context:component-scan base-package="com.test"/> <mvc:annotation-driven> <!-- 配置超时时间 --> <mvc:async-support default-timeout="3000"> <!-- 这里可以配置callable或者deferred-result拦截器 --> </mvc:async-support> </mvc:annotation-driven> </beans>
3、web.xml , 当有 很多 filter 时,filter 也一定要添加异步支持
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <filter> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <async-supported>true</async-supported> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> <async-supported>true</async-supported> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
web.xml需要声明web-app_3_0.xsd和version=”3.0″,启用异步支持<async-supported>true</async-supported>
4、CallableController.java
package com.test.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; /** * spring实现方式: * 1、把任务提交给Executor异步执行 */ @Controller public class CallableController { @RequestMapping(value = "/callable1", method = RequestMethod.GET) public Callable<String> callable1(final ModelMap modelMap) { return new Callable<String>() { public String call() throws Exception { Thread.sleep(2 * 1000L); //暂停2秒return "hello callable"; } }; } }
5,tomcat 部分,如果 tomcat 部署有 session 分页式缓存插件,则在插件配置的地方,也要添加异步支持:
<!-- redis 缓存支持 --> <Valve className="com.radiadesign.catalina.session.RedisSessionHandlerValve" asyncSupported="true" /> <Manager className="com.radiadesign.catalina.session.RedisSessionManager" host="localhost" port="6379" database="0" maxInactiveInterval="60" />
6, 启动服务,测试:
http://localhost:8088/test/callable1
7, rsp:
hello callable
时间: 2024-11-10 18:31:06