/** Spark SQL源码分析系列文章*/
前面几篇文章主要介绍的是spark sql包里的的spark sql执行流程,以及Catalyst包内的SqlParser,Analyzer和Optimizer,最后要介绍一下Catalyst里最后的一个Plan了,即Physical Plan。物理计划是Spark SQL执行Spark job的前置,也是最后一道计划。
如图:
一、SparkPlanner
话接上回,Optimizer接受输入的Analyzed Logical Plan后,会有SparkPlanner来对Optimized Logical Plan进行转换,生成Physical plans。
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- lazy val optimizedPlan = optimizer(analyzed)
- // TODO: Don‘t just pick the first one...
- lazy val sparkPlan = planner(optimizedPlan).next()
SparkPlanner的apply方法,会返回一个Iterator[PhysicalPlan]。
SparkPlanner继承了SparkStrategies,SparkStrategies继承了QueryPlanner。
SparkStrategies包含了一系列特定的Strategies,这些Strategies是继承自QueryPlanner中定义的Strategy,它定义接受一个Logical Plan,生成一系列的Physical Plan
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- @transient
- protected[sql] val planner = new SparkPlanner
- protected[sql] class SparkPlanner extends SparkStrategies {
- val sparkContext: SparkContext = self.sparkContext
- val sqlContext: SQLContext = self
- def numPartitions = self.numShufflePartitions //partitions的个数
- val strategies: Seq[Strategy] = //策略的集合
- CommandStrategy(self) ::
- TakeOrdered ::
- PartialAggregation ::
- LeftSemiJoin ::
- HashJoin ::
- InMemoryScans ::
- ParquetOperations ::
- BasicOperators ::
- CartesianProduct ::
- BroadcastNestedLoopJoin :: Nil
- etc......
- }
QueryPlanner 是SparkPlanner的基类,定义了一系列的关键点,如Strategy,planLater和apply。
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- abstract class QueryPlanner[PhysicalPlan <: TreeNode[PhysicalPlan]] {
- /** A list of execution strategies that can be used by the planner */
- def strategies: Seq[Strategy]
- /**
- * Given a [[plans.logical.LogicalPlan LogicalPlan]], returns a list of `PhysicalPlan`s that can
- * be used for execution. If this strategy does not apply to the give logical operation then an
- * empty list should be returned.
- */
- abstract protected class Strategy extends Logging {
- def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[PhysicalPlan] //接受一个logical plan,返回Seq[PhysicalPlan]
- }
- /**
- * Returns a placeholder for a physical plan that executes `plan`. This placeholder will be
- * filled in automatically by the QueryPlanner using the other execution strategies that are
- * available.
- */
- protected def planLater(plan: LogicalPlan) = apply(plan).next() //返回一个占位符,占位符会自动被QueryPlanner用其它的strategies apply
- def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Iterator[PhysicalPlan] = {
- // Obviously a lot to do here still...
- val iter = strategies.view.flatMap(_(plan)).toIterator //整合所有的Strategy,_(plan)每个Strategy应用plan上,得到所有Strategies执行完后生成的所有Physical Plan的集合,一个iter
- assert(iter.hasNext, s"No plan for $plan")
- iter //返回所有物理计划
- }
- }
继承关系:
二、Spark Plan
Spark Plan是Catalyst里经过所有Strategies apply 的最终的物理执行计划的抽象类,它只是用来执行spark job的。
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- lazy val executedPlan: SparkPlan = prepareForExecution(sparkPlan)
prepareForExecution其实是一个RuleExecutor[SparkPlan],当然这里的Rule就是SparkPlan了。
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- @transient
- protected[sql] val prepareForExecution = new RuleExecutor[SparkPlan] {
- val batches =
- Batch("Add exchange", Once, AddExchange(self)) :: //添加shuffler操作如果必要的话
- Batch("Prepare Expressions", Once, new BindReferences[SparkPlan]) :: Nil //Bind references
- }
Spark Plan继承Query Plan[Spark Plan],里面定义的partition,requiredChildDistribution以及spark sql启动执行的execute方法。
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- abstract class SparkPlan extends QueryPlan[SparkPlan] with Logging {
- self: Product =>
- // TODO: Move to `DistributedPlan`
- /** Specifies how data is partitioned across different nodes in the cluster. */
- def outputPartitioning: Partitioning = UnknownPartitioning(0) // TODO: WRONG WIDTH!
- /** Specifies any partition requirements on the input data for this operator. */
- def requiredChildDistribution: Seq[Distribution] =
- Seq.fill(children.size)(UnspecifiedDistribution)
- /**
- * Runs this query returning the result as an RDD.
- */
- def execute(): RDD[Row] //真正执行查询的方法execute,返回的是一个RDD
- /**
- * Runs this query returning the result as an array.
- */
- def executeCollect(): Array[Row] = execute().map(_.copy()).collect() //exe & collect
- protected def buildRow(values: Seq[Any]): Row = //根据当前的值,生成Row对象,其实是一个封装了Array的对象。
- new GenericRow(values.toArray)
- }
关于Spark Plan的继承关系,如图:
三、Strategies
Strategy,注意这里Strategy是在execution包下的,在SparkPlanner里定义了目前的几种策略:
LeftSemiJoin、HashJoin、PartialAggregation、BroadcastNestedLoopJoin、CartesianProduct、TakeOrdered、ParquetOperations、InMemoryScans、BasicOperators、CommandStrategy
3.1、LeftSemiJoin
Join分为好几种类型:
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- case object Inner extends JoinType
- case object LeftOuter extends JoinType
- case object RightOuter extends JoinType
- case object FullOuter extends JoinType
- case object LeftSemi extends JoinType
如果Logical Plan里的Join是joinType为LeftSemi的话,就会执行这种策略,
这里ExtractEquiJoinKeys是一个pattern定义在patterns.scala里,主要是做模式匹配用的。
这里匹配只要是等值的join操作,都会封装为ExtractEquiJoinKeys对象,它会解析当前join,最后返回(joinType, rightKeys, leftKeys, condition, leftChild, rightChild)的格式。
最后返回一个execution.LeftSemiJoinHash这个Spark Plan,可见Spark Plan的类图继承关系图。
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- object LeftSemiJoin extends Strategy with PredicateHelper {
- def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
- // Find left semi joins where at least some predicates can be evaluated by matching join keys
- case ExtractEquiJoinKeys(LeftSemi, leftKeys, rightKeys, condition, left, right) =>
- val semiJoin = execution.LeftSemiJoinHash( //根据解析后的Join,实例化execution.LeftSemiJoinHash这个Spark Plan 返回
- leftKeys, rightKeys, planLater(left), planLater(right))
- condition.map(Filter(_, semiJoin)).getOrElse(semiJoin) :: Nil
- // no predicate can be evaluated by matching hash keys
- case logical.Join(left, right, LeftSemi, condition) => //没有Join key的,即非等值join连接的,返回LeftSemiJoinBNL这个Spark Plan
- execution.LeftSemiJoinBNL(
- planLater(left), planLater(right), condition)(sqlContext) :: Nil
- case _ => Nil
- }
- }
3.2、HashJoin
HashJoin是我们最见的操作,innerJoin类型,里面提供了2种Spark Plan,BroadcastHashJoin 和 ShuffledHashJoin
BroadcastHashJoin的实现是一种广播变量的实现方法,如果设置了spark.sql.join.broadcastTables这个参数的表(表面逗号隔开)
就会用spark的Broadcast Variables方式先将一张表给查询出来,然后广播到各个机器中,相当于Hive中的map join。
ShuffledHashJoin是一种最传统的默认的join方式,会根据shuffle key进行shuffle的hash join。
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- object HashJoin extends Strategy with PredicateHelper {
- private[this] def broadcastHashJoin(
- leftKeys: Seq[Expression],
- rightKeys: Seq[Expression],
- left: LogicalPlan,
- right: LogicalPlan,
- condition: Option[Expression],
- side: BuildSide) = {
- val broadcastHashJoin = execution.BroadcastHashJoin(
- leftKeys, rightKeys, side, planLater(left), planLater(right))(sqlContext)
- condition.map(Filter(_, broadcastHashJoin)).getOrElse(broadcastHashJoin) :: Nil
- }
- def broadcastTables: Seq[String] = sqlContext.joinBroadcastTables.split(",").toBuffer //获取需要广播的表
- def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
- case ExtractEquiJoinKeys(
- Inner,
- leftKeys,
- rightKeys,
- condition,
- left,
- right @ PhysicalOperation(_, _, b: BaseRelation))
- if broadcastTables.contains(b.tableName) => //如果右孩子是广播的表,则buildSide取BuildRight
- broadcastHashJoin(leftKeys, rightKeys, left, right, condition, BuildRight)
- case ExtractEquiJoinKeys(
- Inner,
- leftKeys,
- rightKeys,
- condition,
- left @ PhysicalOperation(_, _, b: BaseRelation),
- right)
- if broadcastTables.contains(b.tableName) =>//如果左孩子是广播的表,则buildSide取BuildLeft
- broadcastHashJoin(leftKeys, rightKeys, left, right, condition, BuildLeft)
- case ExtractEquiJoinKeys(Inner, leftKeys, rightKeys, condition, left, right) =>
- val hashJoin =
- execution.ShuffledHashJoin( //根据hash key shuffle的 Hash Join
- leftKeys, rightKeys, BuildRight, planLater(left), planLater(right))
- condition.map(Filter(_, hashJoin)).getOrElse(hashJoin) :: Nil
- case _ => Nil
- }
- }
3.3、PartialAggregation
PartialAggregation是一个部分聚合的策略,即有些聚合操作可以在local里面完成的,就在local data里完成,而不必要的去shuffle所有的字段。
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- object PartialAggregation extends Strategy {
- def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
- case logical.Aggregate(groupingExpressions, aggregateExpressions, child) =>
- // Collect all aggregate expressions.
- val allAggregates =
- aggregateExpressions.flatMap(_ collect { case a: AggregateExpression => a })
- // Collect all aggregate expressions that can be computed partially.
- val partialAggregates =
- aggregateExpressions.flatMap(_ collect { case p: PartialAggregate => p })
- // Only do partial aggregation if supported by all aggregate expressions.
- if (allAggregates.size == partialAggregates.size) {
- // Create a map of expressions to their partial evaluations for all aggregate expressions.
- val partialEvaluations: Map[Long, SplitEvaluation] =
- partialAggregates.map(a => (a.id, a.asPartial)).toMap
- // We need to pass all grouping expressions though so the grouping can happen a second
- // time. However some of them might be unnamed so we alias them allowing them to be
- // referenced in the second aggregation.
- val namedGroupingExpressions: Map[Expression, NamedExpression] = groupingExpressions.map {
- case n: NamedExpression => (n, n)
- case other => (other, Alias(other, "PartialGroup")())
- }.toMap
- // Replace aggregations with a new expression that computes the result from the already
- // computed partial evaluations and grouping values.
- val rewrittenAggregateExpressions = aggregateExpressions.map(_.transformUp {
- case e: Expression if partialEvaluations.contains(e.id) =>
- partialEvaluations(e.id).finalEvaluation
- case e: Expression if namedGroupingExpressions.contains(e) =>
- namedGroupingExpressions(e).toAttribute
- }).asInstanceOf[Seq[NamedExpression]]
- val partialComputation =
- (namedGroupingExpressions.values ++
- partialEvaluations.values.flatMap(_.partialEvaluations)).toSeq
- // Construct two phased aggregation.
- execution.Aggregate( //返回execution.Aggregate这个Spark Plan
- partial = false,
- namedGroupingExpressions.values.map(_.toAttribute).toSeq,
- rewrittenAggregateExpressions,
- execution.Aggregate(
- partial = true,
- groupingExpressions,
- partialComputation,
- planLater(child))(sqlContext))(sqlContext) :: Nil
- } else {
- Nil
- }
- case _ => Nil
- }
- }
3.4、BroadcastNestedLoopJoin
BroadcastNestedLoopJoin是用于Left Outer Join, RightOuter, FullOuter这三种类型的join
而上述的Hash Join仅仅用于InnerJoin,这点要区分开来。
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- object BroadcastNestedLoopJoin extends Strategy {
- def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
- case logical.Join(left, right, joinType, condition) =>
- execution.BroadcastNestedLoopJoin(
- planLater(left), planLater(right), joinType, condition)(sqlContext) :: Nil
- case _ => Nil
- }
- }
部分代码;
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- if (!matched && (joinType == LeftOuter || joinType == FullOuter)) { //LeftOuter or FullOuter
- matchedRows += buildRow(streamedRow ++ Array.fill(right.output.size)(null))
- }
- }
- Iterator((matchedRows, includedBroadcastTuples))
- }
- val includedBroadcastTuples = streamedPlusMatches.map(_._2)
- val allIncludedBroadcastTuples =
- if (includedBroadcastTuples.count == 0) {
- new scala.collection.mutable.BitSet(broadcastedRelation.value.size)
- } else {
- streamedPlusMatches.map(_._2).reduce(_ ++ _)
- }
- val rightOuterMatches: Seq[Row] =
- if (joinType == RightOuter || joinType == FullOuter) { //RightOuter or FullOuter
- broadcastedRelation.value.zipWithIndex.filter {
- case (row, i) => !allIncludedBroadcastTuples.contains(i)
- }.map {
- // TODO: Use projection.
- case (row, _) => buildRow(Vector.fill(left.output.size)(null) ++ row)
- }
- } else {
- Vector()
- }
3.5、CartesianProduct
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- 笛卡尔积的Join,有待过滤条件的Join。
- 主要是利用RDD的cartesian实现的。
- object CartesianProduct extends Strategy {
- def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
- case logical.Join(left, right, _, None) =>
- execution.CartesianProduct(planLater(left), planLater(right)) :: Nil
- case logical.Join(left, right, Inner, Some(condition)) =>
- execution.Filter(condition,
- execution.CartesianProduct(planLater(left), planLater(right))) :: Nil
- case _ => Nil
- }
- }
3.6、TakeOrdered
TakeOrdered是用于Limit操作的,如果有Limit和Sort操作。
则返回一个TakeOrdered的Spark Plan。
主要也是利用RDD的takeOrdered方法来实现的排序后取TopN。
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- object TakeOrdered extends Strategy {
- def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
- case logical.Limit(IntegerLiteral(limit), logical.Sort(order, child)) =>
- execution.TakeOrdered(limit, order, planLater(child))(sqlContext) :: Nil
- case _ => Nil
- }
- }
3.7、ParquetOperations
支持ParquetOperations的读写,插入Table等。
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- object ParquetOperations extends Strategy {
- def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
- // TODO: need to support writing to other types of files. Unify the below code paths.
- case logical.WriteToFile(path, child) =>
- val relation =
- ParquetRelation.create(path, child, sparkContext.hadoopConfiguration)
- // Note: overwrite=false because otherwise the metadata we just created will be deleted
- InsertIntoParquetTable(relation, planLater(child), overwrite=false)(sqlContext) :: Nil
- case logical.InsertIntoTable(table: ParquetRelation, partition, child, overwrite) =>
- InsertIntoParquetTable(table, planLater(child), overwrite)(sqlContext) :: Nil
- case PhysicalOperation(projectList, filters: Seq[Expression], relation: ParquetRelation) =>
- val prunePushedDownFilters =
- if (sparkContext.conf.getBoolean(ParquetFilters.PARQUET_FILTER_PUSHDOWN_ENABLED, true)) {
- (filters: Seq[Expression]) => {
- filters.filter { filter =>
- // Note: filters cannot be pushed down to Parquet if they contain more complex
- // expressions than simple "Attribute cmp Literal" comparisons. Here we remove
- // all filters that have been pushed down. Note that a predicate such as
- // "(A AND B) OR C" can result in "A OR C" being pushed down.
- val recordFilter = ParquetFilters.createFilter(filter)
- if (!recordFilter.isDefined) {
- // First case: the pushdown did not result in any record filter.
- true
- } else {
- // Second case: a record filter was created; here we are conservative in
- // the sense that even if "A" was pushed and we check for "A AND B" we
- // still want to keep "A AND B" in the higher-level filter, not just "B".
- !ParquetFilters.findExpression(recordFilter.get, filter).isDefined
- }
- }
- }
- } else {
- identity[Seq[Expression]] _
- }
- pruneFilterProject(
- projectList,
- filters,
- prunePushedDownFilters,
- ParquetTableScan(_, relation, filters)(sqlContext)) :: Nil
- case _ => Nil
- }
- }
3.8、InMemoryScans
InMemoryScans主要是对InMemoryRelation这个Logical Plan操作。
调用的其实是Spark Planner里的pruneFilterProject这个方法。
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- object InMemoryScans extends Strategy {
- def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
- case PhysicalOperation(projectList, filters, mem: InMemoryRelation) =>
- pruneFilterProject(
- projectList,
- filters,
- identity[Seq[Expression]], // No filters are pushed down.
- InMemoryColumnarTableScan(_, mem)) :: Nil
- case _ => Nil
- }
- }
3.9、BasicOperators
所有定义在org.apache.spark.sql.execution里的基本的Spark Plan,它们都在org.apache.spark.sql.execution包下basicOperators.scala内的
有Project、Filter、Sample、Union、Limit、TakeOrdered、Sort、ExistingRdd。
这些是基本元素,实现都相对简单,基本上都是RDD里的方法来实现的。
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- object BasicOperators extends Strategy {
- def numPartitions = self.numPartitions
- def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
- case logical.Distinct(child) =>
- execution.Aggregate(
- partial = false, child.output, child.output, planLater(child))(sqlContext) :: Nil
- case logical.Sort(sortExprs, child) =>
- // This sort is a global sort. Its requiredDistribution will be an OrderedDistribution.
- execution.Sort(sortExprs, global = true, planLater(child)):: Nil
- case logical.SortPartitions(sortExprs, child) =>
- // This sort only sorts tuples within a partition. Its requiredDistribution will be
- // an UnspecifiedDistribution.
- execution.Sort(sortExprs, global = false, planLater(child)) :: Nil
- case logical.Project(projectList, child) =>
- execution.Project(projectList, planLater(child)) :: Nil
- case logical.Filter(condition, child) =>
- execution.Filter(condition, planLater(child)) :: Nil
- case logical.Aggregate(group, agg, child) =>
- execution.Aggregate(partial = false, group, agg, planLater(child))(sqlContext) :: Nil
- case logical.Sample(fraction, withReplacement, seed, child) =>
- execution.Sample(fraction, withReplacement, seed, planLater(child)) :: Nil
- case logical.LocalRelation(output, data) =>
- val dataAsRdd =
- sparkContext.parallelize(data.map(r =>
- new GenericRow(r.productIterator.map(convertToCatalyst).toArray): Row))
- execution.ExistingRdd(output, dataAsRdd) :: Nil
- case logical.Limit(IntegerLiteral(limit), child) =>
- execution.Limit(limit, planLater(child))(sqlContext) :: Nil
- case Unions(unionChildren) =>
- execution.Union(unionChildren.map(planLater))(sqlContext) :: Nil
- case logical.Generate(generator, join, outer, _, child) =>
- execution.Generate(generator, join = join, outer = outer, planLater(child)) :: Nil
- case logical.NoRelation =>
- execution.ExistingRdd(Nil, singleRowRdd) :: Nil
- case logical.Repartition(expressions, child) =>
- execution.Exchange(HashPartitioning(expressions, numPartitions), planLater(child)) :: Nil
- case SparkLogicalPlan(existingPlan, _) => existingPlan :: Nil
- case _ => Nil
- }
- }
3.10 CommandStrategy
CommandStrategy是专门针对Command类型的Logical Plan
即set key = value 、 explain sql、 cache table xxx 这类操作
SetCommand主要实现方式是SparkContext的参数
ExplainCommand主要实现方式是利用executed Plan打印出tree string
CacheCommand主要实现方式SparkContext的cache table和uncache table
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- case class CommandStrategy(context: SQLContext) extends Strategy {
- def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): Seq[SparkPlan] = plan match {
- case logical.SetCommand(key, value) =>
- Seq(execution.SetCommand(key, value, plan.output)(context))
- case logical.ExplainCommand(logicalPlan) =>
- Seq(execution.ExplainCommand(logicalPlan, plan.output)(context))
- case logical.CacheCommand(tableName, cache) =>
- Seq(execution.CacheCommand(tableName, cache)(context))
- case _ => Nil
- }
- }
四、Execution
Spark Plan的Execution方式均为调用其execute()方法生成RDD,除了简单的基本操作例如上面的basic operator实现比较简单,其它的实现都比较复杂,大致的实现我都在上面介绍了,本文就不详细讨论了。
五、总结
本文从介绍了Spark SQL的Catalyst框架的Physical plan以及其如何从Optimized Logical Plan转化为Spark Plan的过程,这个过程用到了很多的物理计划策略Strategies,每个Strategies最后还是在RuleExecutor里面被执行,最后生成一系列物理计划Executed Spark Plans。
Spark Plan是执行前最后一种计划,当生成executed spark plan后,就可以调用collect()方法来启动Spark Job来进行Spark SQL的真正执行了。
——EOF——
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