安装LuaSocket
LuaSocket 是 Lua 的网络模块库,它可以很方便地提供 TCP、UDP、DNS、FTP、HTTP、SMTP、MIME 等多种网络协议的访问操作。它由两部分组成:一部分是用 C 写的核心,提供对 TCP 和 UDP 传输层的访问支持。另外一部分是用 Lua 写的,负责应用功能的网络接口处理。
安装LuaSocket
- Homebrew安装(如果已经安装略过此步)
首先你要安装Homebrew。安装 Homebrew 很简单,只需在终端上输入一行 Ruby 脚本(所以要先搭建 Ruby 运行环境,Mac 下已经预装了 Ruby)就行:
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/go/install)"
- LuaRocks安装 (如果已经安装略过此步)
Mac 下的 Homebrew 居然内置了 LuaRocks 的安装包(之前安装 Lua,用 “brew search lua” 搜 Lua 安装包时无意间发现),因此,在 Mac 下安装 LuaRocks 很简单,一条指令就行:
brew install luarocks -v
- LuaSocket安装
如果你安装有 Lua 模块的安装和部署工具 – LuaRocks,那么一条指令就能安装部署好 LuaSocket:
luarocks install luasocket
LuaSocket 使用
使用 LuaSocket 很简单,直接用 require 函数加载进来就行,例如输出一个 LuaSocket 版本信息:
local socket = require("socket")
print(socket._VERSION)
模块 LuaSocket 内置的常量、函数的结构图如下:
- sleep [function: 0x7feeeb40f940]
- source [function: 0x7feeeb413570]
- newtry [function: 0x7feeeb40f8c0]
- _VERSION [LuaSocket 2.0.2]
- connect [function: 0x7feeeb4122f0]
- sink [function: 0x7feeeb410ea0]
- __unload [function: 0x7feeeb4107e0]
- bind [function: 0x7feeeb413380]
- _M {.}
- _DEBUG [true]
- skip [function: 0x7feeeb4107b0]
- dns - gethostname [function: 0x7feeeb410af0]
| - tohostname [function: 0x7feeeb410b20]
| - toip [function: 0x7feeeb410aa0]
- gettime [function: 0x7feeeb40f8f0]
- select [function: 0x7feeeb412290]
- BLOCKSIZE [2048]
- sinkt - default [function: 0x7feeeb410e20]
| - close-when-done [function: 0x7feeeb410dc0]
| - keep-open [function: 0x7feeeb410e20]
- sourcet - by-length [function: 0x7feeeb410e50]
| - default [function: 0x7feeeb413440]
| - until-closed [function: 0x7feeeb413440]
- tcp [function: 0x7feeeb412020]
- _NAME [socket]
- choose [function: 0x7feeeb410ce0]
- try [function: 0x7feeeb410ca0]
- protect [function: 0x7feeeb410760]
- _PACKAGE []
- udp [function: 0x7feeeb410fd0]
以 socket 的方式访问获取度娘首页数据:
local socket = require("socket")
local host = "www.baidu.com"
local file = "/"
-- 创建一个 TCP 连接,连接到 HTTP 连接的标准端口 -- 80 端口上
local sock = assert(socket.connect(host, 80))
sock:send("GET " .. file .. " HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n")
repeat
-- 以 1K 的字节块来接收数据,并把接收到字节块输出来
local chunk, status, partial = sock:receive(1024)
print(chunk or partial)
until status ~= "closed"
-- 关闭 TCP 连接
sock:close()
或者使用模块里内置的 http 方法来访问:
local http = require("socket.http")
local response = http.request("http://www.baidu.com/")
print(response)
以下是一个简单的http方法的例子,用于某学校的网络连接。
local http=require("socket.http");
local request_body = [[username=21451141&password=...]]
local response_body = {}
local res, code, response_headers = http.request{
url = "http://192.0.0.6/cgi-bin/do_login",
method = "POST",
headers =
{
["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
["Content-Length"] = #request_body;
},
source = ltn12.source.string(request_body),
sink = ltn12.sink.table(response_body),
}
print(res)
print(code)
if type(response_headers) == "table" then
for k, v in pairs(response_headers) do
print(k, v)
end
end
print("Response body:")
if type(response_body) == "table" then
print(table.concat(response_body))
else
print("Not a table:", type(response_body))
end
一个简单的 client/server 通信连接
在客户端的终端上敲一些东西后回车会通过 socket 给服务器发送数据,服务器接收到数据后再返回显示在客户端的终端上。一个简单的东西,纯属练手,代码如下:
-- server.lua
local socket = require("socket")
local host = "127.0.0.1"
local port = "12345"
local server = assert(socket.bind(host, port, 1024))
server:settimeout(0)
local client_tab = {}
local conn_count = 0
print("Server Start " .. host .. ":" .. port)
while 1 do
local conn = server:accept()
if conn then
conn_count = conn_count + 1
client_tab[conn_count] = conn
print("A client successfully connect!")
end
for conn_count, client in pairs(client_tab) do
local recvt, sendt, status = socket.select({client}, nil, 1)
if #recvt > 0 then
local receive, receive_status = client:receive()
if receive_status ~= "closed" then
if receive then
assert(client:send("Client " .. conn_count .. " Send : "))
assert(client:send(receive .. "\n"))
print("Receive Client " .. conn_count .. " : ", receive)
end
else
table.remove(client_tab, conn_count)
client:close()
print("Client " .. conn_count .. " disconnect!")
end
end
end
end
-- client.lua
local socket = require("socket")
local host = "127.0.0.1"
local port = 12345
local sock = assert(socket.connect(host, port))
sock:settimeout(0)
print("Press enter after input something:")
local input, recvt, sendt, status
while true do
input = io.read()
if #input > 0 then
assert(sock:send(input .. "\n"))
end
recvt, sendt, status = socket.select({sock}, nil, 1)
while #recvt > 0 do
local response, receive_status = sock:receive()
if receive_status ~= "closed" then
if response then
print(response)
recvt, sendt, status = socket.select({sock}, nil, 1)
end
else
break
end
end
end
时间: 2024-10-06 11:27:47