我们经常需要在HttpResponse中设置一些headers,我们使用Spring MVC框架的时候我们如何给Response设置Header呢?
Sooooooooooooo easy, 看下面的代码:
@RequestMapping(value = "/rulelist", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public String getRuleList(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { response.addHeader("test", "test"); return service.getRuleList(); }
通过验证,我们可以看到test项已经被成功添加到response的头部信息
Content-Length: 2 kilobytes Content-Type: text/plain;charset=ISO-8859-1 Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1 test: test
接下来,我们希望修改Content-Type,从而统一服务器端和客户端的内容编码。我们继续修改代码,
@RequestMapping(value = "/rulelist", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public String getRuleList(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { response.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8"); return service.getRuleList(); }
接下来,我们验证一下结果:
Content-Length: 2 kilobytes Content-Type: text/plain;charset=ISO-8859-1 Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
和我们预想的并一样,response的content-type header没有被设置成"application/json;charset=UTF-8",很令人困惑。
那么,接下来让我们来探索下Spring MVC内部是如何处理这一过程的。首先我们先要对Spring MVC框架处理Http请求的流程有一个整体的了解。
下图清晰地向大家展示了Spring MVC处理HTTP请求的流程,(图片来自网络)
具体流程如下:
1. DispatcherServlet接收到Request请求
2. HandlerMapping选择一个合适的Handler处理Request请求
3-4. 选择合适的HandlerAdapter,调用用户编写的Controller处理业务逻辑。(HandlerAdapter主要是帮助Spring MVC支持多种类型的Controller)
5. Controller将返回结果放置到Model中并且返回view名称给Handler Adapter
6. DispatcherServlet选择合适的ViewResolver来生成View对象
7-8. View对象利用Model中的数据进行渲染并返回数据
相信大家对于上面的处理流程并不陌生,上面的流程图向我们展示了SpringMVC生成ModelAndView并返回response的大体流程。
下面我们来看看我们上面代码片段的处理流程是如何进行的?
从上面的流程图我们可以看到,content-type header是单独被处理的,具体过程可以参考下面的源码(AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor):
protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(T returnValue, MethodParameter returnType, ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException { Class<?> returnValueClass = getReturnValueType(returnValue, returnType); HttpServletRequest servletRequest = inputMessage.getServletRequest(); List<MediaType> requestedMediaTypes = getAcceptableMediaTypes(servletRequest); //适合的兼容media types类型实际上,我们可以使用produces = {}来指定我们需要的mediatype List<MediaType> producibleMediaTypes = getProducibleMediaTypes(servletRequest, returnValueClass); Set<MediaType> compatibleMediaTypes = new LinkedHashSet<MediaType>(); for (MediaType requestedType : requestedMediaTypes) { for (MediaType producibleType : producibleMediaTypes) { if (requestedType.isCompatibleWith(producibleType)) { compatibleMediaTypes.add(getMostSpecificMediaType(requestedType, producibleType)); } } } if (compatibleMediaTypes.isEmpty()) { if (returnValue != null) { throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(producibleMediaTypes); } return; } List<MediaType> mediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>(compatibleMediaTypes); MediaType.sortBySpecificityAndQuality(mediaTypes); MediaType selectedMediaType = null; //选择最匹配的mediaType for (MediaType mediaType : mediaTypes) { if (mediaType.isConcrete()) { selectedMediaType = mediaType; break; } else if (mediaType.equals(MediaType.ALL) || mediaType.equals(MEDIA_TYPE_APPLICATION)) { selectedMediaType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM; break; } } if (selectedMediaType != null) { selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue(); for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) { //遍历messageConvertors, 寻找可以处理相应返回类型和mediatype的HttpMessageConvertor if (messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueClass, selectedMediaType)) { returnValue = this.adviceChain.invoke(returnValue, returnType, selectedMediaType, (Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>>) messageConverter.getClass(), inputMessage, outputMessage); if (returnValue != null) { //这里将会填充mediatype到header,并将httpmessage发送给请求者 ((HttpMessageConverter<T>) messageConverter).write(returnValue, selectedMediaType, outputMessage); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Written [" + returnValue + "] as \"" + selectedMediaType + "\" using [" + messageConverter + "]"); } } return; } } } if (returnValue != null) { throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(this.allSupportedMediaTypes); } }
接下来,将选择好的mediatype写入到HttpOutputMessage中
public final void write(final T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException { final HttpHeaders headers = outputMessage.getHeaders(); //设置contenttype到HttpOutputMessage if (headers.getContentType() == null) { MediaType contentTypeToUse = contentType; if (contentType == null || contentType.isWildcardType() || contentType.isWildcardSubtype()) { contentTypeToUse = getDefaultContentType(t); } if (contentTypeToUse != null) { headers.setContentType(contentTypeToUse); } } if (headers.getContentLength() == -1) { Long contentLength = getContentLength(t, headers.getContentType()); if (contentLength != null) { headers.setContentLength(contentLength); } } /* 省略了不相干代码 */ }
最终的Headers设置在ServletServerHttpResponse类中完成,
private void writeHeaders() { if (!this.headersWritten) { for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : this.headers.entrySet()) { String headerName = entry.getKey(); for (String headerValue : entry.getValue()) { //将复合类中之前设置的header(content-type)内容补充到servletResponse this.servletResponse.addHeader(headerName, headerValue); } } // HttpServletResponse exposes some headers as properties: we should include those if not already present if (this.servletResponse.getContentType() == null && this.headers.getContentType() != null) { this.servletResponse.setContentType(this.headers.getContentType().toString()); } if (this.servletResponse.getCharacterEncoding() == null && this.headers.getContentType() != null && this.headers.getContentType().getCharSet() != null) { this.servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding(this.headers.getContentType().getCharSet().name()); } this.headersWritten = true; } }
从上述的代码中,我们可以看到在RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor这个ReturnValueHandler中,media-type被单独的逻辑进行处理,因此直接在ServletResponse中设置content-type header并不能正常生效。
需要在@RequestMapping中添加produces = {} 进行设置才可以。