awk工具的使用
上面也提到了awk和sed一样是流式编辑器，它也是针对文档中的行来操作的，一行一行的去执行。awk比sed更加强大，它能做到sed能做到的，同样也能做到sed不能做到的。
分段打印出第三段
[[email protected] ~]# awk -F ‘:‘ ‘{print $3}‘ 1.txt
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
99
81
69
32
499
89
68
29
65534
74
500
多个段
[[email protected] ~]# awk -F ‘:‘ ‘OFS=":" {print $3,$4}‘ 1.txt
0:0
1:1
2:2
3:4
4:r_o7
5:0
6:0
7:0
8:12
10:14
:
11:0
12:100
13:30
14:50
99:99
81:81
69:69
32:32
499:76
89:89
68:68
29:29
65534:65a534
74:74
500:500
:
:
:
也可以用下面
[[email protected] ~]# awk -F ‘:‘ ‘OFS="#" {print $3,$4}‘ 1.txt
0#0
1#1
2#2
3#4
4#r_o7
5#0
6#0
7#0
8#12
10#14
#
11#0
12#100
13#30
14#50
99#99
81#81
69#69
32#32
499#76
89#89
68#68
29#29
65534#65a534
74#74
500#500
#
#
#
匹配
[[email protected] ~]# awk ‘/user/‘ 1.txt
sasloauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPCr Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
匹配多个
[[email protected] ~]# awk ‘/user|root/‘ 1.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
sasloauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPCr Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
贪婪匹配 只要第一个是r最后一个是o
[[email protected] ~]# awk ‘/r.*o/‘ 1.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
drooaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:riox:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:r_o7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
ogames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
vcsoa:x:69:69:virtual aconsole memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Da*emon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
sasloauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/sp.oool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPCr Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65a534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
一个或者零个
[[email protected] ~]# awk ‘/r.?o/‘ 1.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
drooaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:riox:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:r_o7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
一个或者多个
[[email protected] ~]# awk ‘/r.+o/‘ 1.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
drooaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:riox:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:r_o7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
ogames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
vcsoa:x:69:69:virtual aconsole memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Da*emon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
sasloauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/sp.oool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPCr Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65a534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
匹配出一个或者多个
[[email protected] ~]# awk ‘/(oo)+/‘ 1.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
drooaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:riox:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologooin
lp:x:4:r_o7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nolooogin
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdooown
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nolooogin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
ogames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologooin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/sp.oool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
[[email protected] ~]# awk ‘/(ooo)+/‘ 1.txt
lp:x:4:r_o7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nolooogin
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdooown
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nolooogin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/sp.oool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
[[email protected] ~]# grep -E --color ‘(o){2,10}‘ 1.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
drooaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:riox:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologooin
lp:x:4:r_o7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nolooogin
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdooown
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nolooogin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
ogames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologooin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/sp.oool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
根据段匹配
[[email protected] ~]# awk -F ‘:‘ ‘$1~/r*o/‘ 1.txt
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
drooaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdooown
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
ogames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologooin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
vcsoa:x:69:69:virtual aconsole memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
sasloauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/sp.oool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65a534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
匹配出想要的段
[[email protected] ~]# awk -F ‘:‘ ‘$1~/r*o/ {print $3}‘ 1.txt
0
2
6
11
12
13
99
69
499
89
68
65534
多次匹配两个规则
[[email protected] ~]# awk -F ‘:‘ ‘$1~/r*o/ {print $1,$3}; $1~/user/ {print $1,$3}‘ 1.txt
root 0
drooaemon 2
shutdown 6
operator 11
ogames 12
gopher 13
nobody 99
vcsoa 69
sasloauth 499
postfix 89
haldaemon 68
rpcuser 29
nfsnobody 65534
一个规则
[[email protected] ~]# awk -F ‘:‘ ‘$1~/r*o|nobody/ {print $1,$3}‘ 1.txt root 0
drooaemon 2
shutdown 6
operator 11
ogames 12
gopher 13
nobody 99
vcsoa 69
sasloauth 499
postfix 89
haldaemon 68
nfsnobody 65534
时间： 2024-12-22 11:03:00