侧拉菜单作为常见的导航交互控件,最开始在没有没有android官方控件时,很多时候都是使用开源的SlidingMenu,一直没机会分析侧拉菜单的实现机理,本文将分析android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout的使用及实现。
官方介绍
DrawerLayout acts as a top-level container for window content that allows for interactive "drawer" views to be pulled out from the edge of the window.
Drawer positioning and layout is controlled using the
android:layout_gravity
attribute on child views corresponding to which side of the view you want the drawer to emerge from: left or right. (Or start/end on platform versions that support layout direction.)To use a DrawerLayout, position your primary content view as the first child with a width and height of
match_parent
. Add drawers as child views after the main content view and set thelayout_gravity
appropriately. Drawers commonly usematch_parent
for height with a fixed width.
DrawerLayout.DrawerListener
can be used to monitor the state and motion of drawer views. Avoid performing expensive operations such as layout during animation as it can cause stuttering; try to perform expensive operations during theSTATE_IDLE
state.DrawerLayout.SimpleDrawerListener
offers default/no-op implementations of each callback method.As per the Android Design guide, any drawers positioned to the left/start should always contain content for navigating around the application, whereas any drawers positioned to the right/end should always contain actions to take on the current content. This preserves the same navigation left, actions right structure present in the Action Bar and elsewhere
DrawerLayout直译的事抽屉布局的意思,作为视窗内的顶层容器,它允许用户通过抽屉式的推拉操作,从而把视图视窗外边缘拉到屏幕内,如右图:
抽屉菜单的摆放和布局通过android:layout_gravity
属性来控制,可选值为left、right或 start、end。通过xml来布局的话,需要把DrawerLayout作为父容器,组界面布局作为其第一个子节点,抽屉布局则紧随其后作为第二个子 节点,这样就做就已经把内容展示区和抽屉菜单区独立开来,只需要分别非两个区域设置内容即可。android提供了一些实用的监听器,重载相关的回调方法 可以在菜单的交互过程中书写逻辑业务。下面是一个demo布局:
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.aven.myapplication2.app.MainActivity">
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
<fragmentandroid:id="@+id/navigation_drawer"
android:layout_width="@dimen/navigation_drawer_width"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
android:name="com.aven.myapplication2.app.NavigationDrawerFragment"
tools:layout="@layout/fragment_navigation_drawer"/>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
所以DrawerLayout的使用非常简单,和很多容器类布局一样,它本身也继承自ViewGroup,只是在内部实现中会默认将第一个子节 点作为内容区,第二个作为抽屉菜单,所以写布局的事后必须牢记,好在现在的IDE已经非常智能,通过引导来创建Drawerlayout时,会自动生成 Activity和xml layout布局,比如使用AndroidStudio就非常方便。
源码分析
DrawerLayout实例化相关辅助类
既然DrawerLayout使用是作为顶层布局layout,那先看看他的构造函数:
public DrawerLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
//根据屏幕分辨率密度计算最小的边距
final float density = getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
mMinDrawerMargin = (int) (MIN_DRAWER_MARGIN * density + 0.5f);
final float minVel = MIN_FLING_VELOCITY * density;
//实例化视图滑动的回调接口,包括左右两边
mLeftCallback = new ViewDragCallback(Gravity.LEFT);
mRightCallback = new ViewDragCallback(Gravity.RIGHT);
//创建滑动手势的的辅助类,负责具体的滑动监听实现
mLeftDragger = ViewDragHelper.create(this, TOUCH_SLOP_SENSITIVITY, mLeftCallback);
mLeftDragger.setEdgeTrackingEnabled(ViewDragHelper.EDGE_LEFT);
mLeftDragger.setMinVelocity(minVel);
mLeftCallback.setDragger(mLeftDragger);
mRightDragger = ViewDragHelper.create(this, TOUCH_SLOP_SENSITIVITY, mRightCallback);
mRightDragger.setEdgeTrackingEnabled(ViewDragHelper.EDGE_RIGHT);
mRightDragger.setMinVelocity(minVel);
mRightCallback.setDragger(mRightDragger);
// So that we can catch the back button
setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
ViewCompat.setAccessibilityDelegate(this, new AccessibilityDelegate());
ViewGroupCompat.setMotionEventSplittingEnabled(this,false);
}
从构造函数中,我们发现有两个关键的类ViewDragCallback, ViewDragHelper,命名上来看前者和滑动的回调相关,后者和view的滑动操作实现有关,所以先看ViewDragHelper。
ViewDragHelper负责实现drag操作
从它的类注释信息中可以看到,这个helper是个辅助类,里面封装了一些便于用户拖动ViewGroup内子view的操作及状态记录方法。
/**
* ViewDragHelper is a utility class for writing custom ViewGroups. It offers a number
* of useful operations and state tracking for allowing a user to drag and reposition
* views within their parent ViewGroup.
*/
现在来看看这个helper到底是怎么封装的滑动操作,从上面的实例化我们知道这个helper通过工厂方法来构造实例,工厂方法有两个如下:
/**
* Factory method to create a new ViewDragHelper.
*
* @param forParent Parent view to monitor
* @param cb Callback to provide information and receive events
* @return a new ViewDragHelper instance
*/
public static ViewDragHelper create(ViewGroup forParent, Callback cb) {
return new ViewDragHelper(forParent.getContext(), forParent, cb);
}
/**
* Factory method to create a new ViewDragHelper.
*
* @param forParent Parent view to monitor
* @param sensitivity Multiplier for how sensitive the helper should be about detecting
* the start of a drag. Larger values are more sensitive. 1.0f is normal.
* @param cb Callback to provide information and receive events
* @return a new ViewDragHelper instance
*/
public static ViewDragHelper create(ViewGroup forParent, float sensitivity, Callback cb) {
final ViewDragHelper helper = create(forParent, cb);
helper.mTouchSlop = (int) (helper.mTouchSlop * (1 / sensitivity));
return helper;
}