进程间通信：消息队列

http://blog.csdn.net/ljianhui/article/details/10287879

#include <sys/type.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
int msgget(key_t key, int flag);
int msgsnd(int msqid, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes, int flag);
int msgrcv(int msqid, void *ptr, size_t nbytes, long type, int flag);
int msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, struct mspid_ds *buf);

int msgget(key_t key, int flag);

msgflg是一个权限标志，表示消息队列的访问权限，它与文件的访问权限一样。msgflg可以与IPC_CREAT做或操作，表示当key所命名的消息队列不存在时创建一个消息队列，如果key所命名的消息队列存在时，IPC_CREAT标志会被忽略，而只返回一个标识符。它返回一个以key命名的消息队列的标识符（非零整数），失败时返回-1.

int msgsnd(int msqid, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes, int flag);

int msgrcv(int msqid, void *ptr, size_t nbytes, long msgtype, int flag);

msgtype可以实现一种简单的接收优先级。如果msgtype为0，就获取队列中的第一个消息。如果它的值大于零，将获取具有相同消息类型的第一个信息。如果它小于零，就获取类型等于或小于msgtype的绝对值的第一个消息。

flag取值包括0（阻塞）和IPC_NOWAIT（如果消息队列为空，则返回一个ENOMSG）

int msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, struct mspid_ds *buf);

cmd是将要采取的动作，它可以取3个值，

IPC_STAT：把msgid_ds结构中的数据设置为消息队列的当前关联值，即用消息队列的当前关联值覆盖msgid_ds的值。

IPC_SET：如果进程有足够的权限，就把消息列队的当前关联值设置为msgid_ds结构中给出的值

IPC_RMID：删除消息队列

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>

/*

#include <sys/type.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
int msgget(key_t key, int flag);
int msgsnd(int msqid, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes, int flag);
int msgrcv(int msqid, void *ptr, size_t nbytes, long type, int flag);
int msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, struct mspid_ds *buf);

*/

#ifndef T_DESC
#define T_DESC(x, y)   (y)
#endif

#if T_DESC("TU1", 1)

int msg_qid;

typedef struct msgbuf
    {
        long msgtype;
        char msgtext[128];
    } PRIV_MSG_INFO;

int send_task(void)
{
    PRIV_MSG_INFO sndmsg;

    for(;;)
    {
        sndmsg.msgtype++;
        sprintf(sndmsg.msgtext, "type %ld", sndmsg.msgtype);
        if(msgsnd(msg_qid, (PRIV_MSG_INFO *)&sndmsg, sizeof(PRIV_MSG_INFO), 0)==-1)
        {
            printf("msgsnd error\n");
            exit(254);
        }
        sleep(3);
    }
}

int recv_task(void)
{
    PRIV_MSG_INFO rcvmsg;

    for(;;)
    {
        if(msgrcv(msg_qid, (PRIV_MSG_INFO *)&rcvmsg, sizeof(PRIV_MSG_INFO), 0, 0) == -1)
        {
            printf("msgsnd error\n");
            exit(254);
        }
        printf("recv msg: %s\n", rcvmsg.msgtext);
    }
}

int tu1_proc(void)
{
    pthread_t id_1,id_2;
    int i,ret;  

    msg_qid = msgget(IPC_PRIVATE, 0666);
    if(msg_qid == -1)
    {
        printf("msgget error\n");
        exit(254);
    }

    ret = pthread_create(&id_1, NULL, (void *)send_task, NULL);
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        printf("Create pthread error!\n");
        return -1;
    }  

    ret = pthread_create(&id_2, NULL, (void *)recv_task, NULL);
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        printf("Create pthread error!\n");
        return -1;
    }  

    /*μè′y??3ì?áê?*/
    pthread_join(id_1, NULL);
    pthread_join(id_2, NULL);  

    msgctl(msg_qid, IPC_RMID, 0);

    return 0;
}  

#endif

#if T_DESC("TU2", 1)

int send_task2(void)
{
    PRIV_MSG_INFO sndmsg;

    msg_qid = msgget((key_t)1234, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
    if(msg_qid == -1)
    {
        printf("msgget error\n");
        exit(254);
    }

    for(;;)
    {
        sndmsg.msgtype=10;
        sprintf(sndmsg.msgtext, "type %ld", sndmsg.msgtype);
        if(msgsnd(msg_qid, (PRIV_MSG_INFO *)&sndmsg, sizeof(PRIV_MSG_INFO), 0)==-1)
        {
            printf("msgsnd error\n");
            exit(254);
        }

        sndmsg.msgtype=20;
        sprintf(sndmsg.msgtext, "type %ld", sndmsg.msgtype);
        if(msgsnd(msg_qid, (PRIV_MSG_INFO *)&sndmsg, sizeof(PRIV_MSG_INFO), 0)==-1)
        {
            printf("msgsnd error\n");
            exit(254);
        }
        sleep(3);
    }
}

int recv_task2(void)
{
    PRIV_MSG_INFO rcvmsg;

    msg_qid = msgget((key_t)1234, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
    if(msg_qid == -1)
    {
        printf("msgget error\n");
        exit(254);
    }

    for(;;)
    {
        if(msgrcv(msg_qid, (PRIV_MSG_INFO *)&rcvmsg, sizeof(PRIV_MSG_INFO), 10, 0) == -1)
        {
            printf("msgsnd error\n");
            exit(254);
        }
        printf("recv msg: %s\n", rcvmsg.msgtext);
    }
}

int tu2_proc(int argc, char **argv)
{
    pthread_t id_1,id_2;
    int i,ret;
    int param;

    if (argc < 2) return 1;
    param = atoi(argv[1]);

    if (!param) {
        ret = pthread_create(&id_1, NULL, (void *)send_task2, NULL);
    } else {
        ret = pthread_create(&id_2, NULL, (void *)recv_task2, NULL);
    }
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        printf("Create pthread error!\n");
        return -1;
    }  

    /*μè′y??3ì?áê?*/
    if (!param) {
        pthread_join(id_1, NULL);
    } else {
        pthread_join(id_2, NULL);
    }

    return 0;
}  

#endif

#if T_DESC("global", 1)

void usage()
{
    printf("\n Usage: <cmd> <tu> <p1> <...>");
    printf("\n   1 -- msgQ between thread");
    printf("\n   2 -- msgQ between process");
    printf("\n     => P1: 0 - create pid 0; 1 - create pid 1");
    printf("\n");
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int ret;

    if(argc < 2) {
        usage();
        return 0;
    }

    int tu = atoi(argv[1]);
    if (tu == 1) ret = tu1_proc();
    if (tu == 2) ret = tu2_proc(argc - 1, &argv[1]);

    return ret;
}
#endif