1.Tomcat
Tomcat是apache软件基金会（apache Software Foundation）的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目，由apache、Sun和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。
Tomcat服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP程序的首选。
Tomcat和Nginx、apache(httpd)、lighttpd等Web服务器一样，具有处理HTMl页面的功能，另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器，独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过，Tomcat处理静态HTMl的能力不如Nginx/apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为9.0。Java容器还有resin、weblogic等。
2.Tomcat安装
2.1 下载tomcat安装包
tomcat官网：https://tomcat.apache.org/
下载最新的apache-tomcat-9.0.19 .zip
2.2 上传至linux
[[email protected] ~]# rz
[[email protected] ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.5.2.tar.gz httpd-2.4.20 apache-tomcat-9.0.19.zip apr-util-1.5.4 httpd-2.4.20.tar.gz apr-1.5.2 apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
2.3 解压
[[email protected] ~]#unzip apache-tomcat-9.0.19.zip [[email protected] ~]# ls apache-tomcat-9.0.19
2.4 复制到/usr/local/tomcat 下
[[email protected] ~]# cp -a apache-tomcat-9.0.19 /usr/local/tomcat
2.5 查看
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat [[email protected] tomcat]# ls bin conf lib logs README.md RUNNING.txt webapps BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE RElEaSE-NOTES temp work #二进制包，不在需要编译安装
2.6 .sh脚本文件需要执行权限，授予执行权限
[[email protected] tomcat]# cd bin [[email protected] bin]# ll -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2020 apr 12 15:24 shutdown.bat -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1902 apr 12 15:24 shutdown.sh -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2022 apr 12 15:24 startup.bat -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1904 apr 12 15:24 startup.sh [[email protected] bin]# chmod -R a+x /usr/local/tomcat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1902 apr 12 15:24 shutdown.sh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2022 apr 12 15:24 startup.bat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1904 apr 12 15:24 startup.sh
2.7 下载java环境
选择yum安装tomcat需要的jdk，就不用再手动配置环境变量
[[email protected] /]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [[email protected] /]# yum install java -y
2.8 启动tomcat
[[email protected] bin]# ./startup.sh #在当前目录下启动 Using CaTaliNa_BaSE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CaTaliNa_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CaTaliNa_TMPDiR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using ClaSSPaTH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started. [[email protected] bin]# ./startup.sh Using CaTaliNa_BaSE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CaTaliNa_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CaTaliNa_TMPDiR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using ClaSSPaTH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started. [[email protected] bin]# ss -tnl #查看端口 liSTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* liSTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* liSTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* #三个端口均已开启
2.9 windows端访问，要加端口
2.10 关闭tomcat
[[email protected] bin]# ./shutdown.sh #当前目录下关闭
2.11 将命令写入环境变量的子配置文件，确保在任何目录下均可启动或关闭tomcat
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh export PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/:$PaTH :wq [[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh #重新加载文件确保其生效 [[email protected] ~]# startup.sh #再次启动 Tomcat started. [[email protected] ~]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q local address:Port Peer address:Port liSTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* liSTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* liSTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::*
3.tomcat目录
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/ [[email protected] tomcat]# tree -l 1 #以树形列出 . ├── bin #用以启动、关闭Tomcat或者其它功能的脚本（.bat文件和.sh文件） ├── BUilDiNG.txt ├── conf #用以配置Tomcat的XML及DTD文件 ├── CONTRiBUTiNG.md ├── lib #存放web应用能访问的JAR包 ├── LICENSE #许可证 ├── logs #Catalina和其它Web应用程序的日志文件 ├── NOTICE ├── README.md ├── RElEASE-NOTES ├── RUNNING.txt ├── temp #临时文件 ├── webapps #Web应用程序根目录 └── work #用以产生有JSP编译出的Servlet的.java和.class文件
4. tomcat日志
[[email protected] tomcat]# cd logs/ [[email protected] logs]# ls catalina.out #tomcat的实时日志
5.tomcat主配置文件server.xml详解
[[email protected] tomcat]# cd conf
Catalina context.xml logging.properties tomcat-users.xsd
catalina.policy jaspic-providers.xml server.xml web.xml
catalina.properties jaspic-providers.xsd tomcat-users.xml
[[email protected] conf]# vim srever.xml
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
<Connector port="8009" protocol="aJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
………..
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWaRs="true" autoDeploy="true"> #WaR压缩包放在webapps下会自动解压 自动部署
6. tomcat的三个端口
8005端口：接收shutdown指令。
port指定Tomcat监听shutdown命令端口。终止服务器运行时,必须在Tomcat服务器所在的机器上发出shutdown命令，该属性是必须的。 shutdown指定终止Tomcat服务器运行时，发给Tomcat服务器的shutdown监听端口的字符串，该属性必须设置。
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
8080端口：接收HTTP协议。
connector：接收用户请求，类似于httpd的listen配置监听端口。
port指定服务器端要创建的端口号，并在这个端口监听来自客户端的请求。
redirectPort指定服务器正在处理http请求时收到了一个SSl传输请求后重定向的端口号
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443"
/>
8009端口：接收AJP协议
protocol连接器使用的协议，支持HTTP和AJP。AJP（Apache Jserv Protocol）专用于tomcat与apache建立通信的， 在httpd反向代理用户请求至tomcat时使用（可见Nginx反向代理时不可用aJP协议）
<Connector
port="8009" protocol="aJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443"
/>
[[email protected] conf]# telnet 127.0.0.1 8005 #进入8005端口 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to 127.0.0.1. Escape character is ‘^]‘. SHUTDOWN #关闭端口 Connection closed by foreign host. [[email protected] conf]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q local address:Port Peer address:Port liSTEN 0 128 *:111 *:* liSTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* liSTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* liSTEN 0 128 :::111 :::* liSTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* liSTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* liSTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* #tomcat关闭
/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT ：网站根目录；网站访问默认为ROOT目录，访问文件也可以在webapps下创建目录将index.html拷入，再写入文件，访问时必须将非ROOT的目录跟上。如在webapps创建目录zxj，拷入index.html后写入211111111：telnet：远程登录指令
[[email protected] tomcat]# cd webapps/ [[email protected] webapps]# echo "2111111111" > index.html [[email protected] webapps]# cp index.html zxj
7.tomcat多实例部署
[[email protected] local]# cp -a tomcat tomcat1 #复制多实例， [[email protected] local]# cp -a tomcat tomcat2
[[email protected] local]# ls
tomcat tomcat1 tomcat2 #一共3个tomcat服务,为避免端口冲突，
需要修改复制实例的端口，使端口号不冲突即可
[[email protected] local]# vim tomcat1/conf/server.xml
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
;wq
[[email protected] local]# vim tomcat2/conf/server.xml
<Server port="8007" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Connector port="8082" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
:wq
[[email protected] local]# tomcat1/bin/startup.sh #启动tomcat1
[[email protected] local]# tomcat2/bin/startup.sh #启动tomcat2
windows端访问
多实例部署成功
8. tomcat搭建集群
以Nginx为调度器，三台tomcat为集群节点搭建集群
以192.168.16.部署Nginx
#Nginx：
#检查80端口是否被占用，若有，则关掉占用端口的http
[[email protected] ~]# ss -tnl
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart nginx #启动Nginx
[[email protected] ~]# ss -tnl
liSTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
#配置负载均衡
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
upstream zxj { #负载均衡
server 192.168.16.3:8080 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2
server 192.168.16.3:8081 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2
server 192.168.16.3:8082 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2
}
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /var/www/html;
index index.php index.html;
# load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
proxy_pass http://zxj; #集群名
}
:wq
[[email protected] ~]# nginx -t #检查
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart nginx #重启
只在在浏览器查询.4即可，记得要关闭防火墙
9.tomcat上线jpress博客系统
jpress类似于wordpress的一个开源博客系统。
9.1 下载jpress
https://gitee.com/fuhai/jpress/blob/alpha/wars/jpress-web-newest.war
9.2 上传至ROOT下
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/ [[email protected] ROOT]# rz
[[email protected] ROOT]#unzip fuhai-jpress-alpha-zip [[email protected] ROOT]#ls fuhai-jpress-alpha-zip jpress #无法自动解压，继续手动解压 [[email protected] ROOT]# cd jpress [[email protected] jpress]# ls DOC.md jpress liCENSE REaDME.md wars [[email protected] jpress]# cd wars/ [[email protected] wars]# ls jpress-web-newest.war [[email protected] wars]# cp jpress-web-newest.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT [[email protected] wars]#cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT [[email protected] ROOT]#unzip jpress-web-newest.war
在windows端访问
配置数据库
[[email protected] ROOT]# cd
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot
MariaDB [(none)]> create database zxj；
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to [email protected]‘localhost‘ identified by ‘123‘;
#授权给所有用户
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
重启tomcat
[[email protected] ~]# shutdown.sh [[email protected] ~]# ss -tnl liSTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/ajunyu/p/10886714.html
时间： 2024-11-14 14:37:40