14年10月份到电子所部署系统时，用exp、imp导库命令成功的实现了Oracle数据库的导出、导入，对此，还专门发表过一篇文章Oracle数据库导出导入，讲解导出、导入过程。
昨天再对服务器新安装的Oracle数据库用exp、imp导库，一直报“EXP-0006：出现内部不一致的错误”，于是在网上百度，尝试其他导库方式，发现采用expdp、impdp数据泵同样可以完成数据库的导出、导入，而且数据泵与传统导出导入有如下区别：
1.EXP和IMP是客户段工具程序， EXPDP和IMPDP是服务端的工具程序；
2.EXP和IMP效率比较低. EXPDP和IMPDP效率高；
3.数据泵功能强大并行、过滤、转换、压缩、加密、交互等等；
4.数据泵不支持9i以前版本， EXP/IMP短期内还是比较适用；
5.同exp/imp数据泵导出包括导出表,导出方案,导出表空间,导出数据库4种方式。
有了理论支持，下面开始实战。
expdp导出Oracle数据库
1.在sqlplus下创建Directory，优点在于让我们可以在Oracle数据库中灵活的对文件进行读写操作，极大的提高了Oracle的易用性和可扩展性。
命令：createdirectory oracleDB as ‘D:\OracleDB‘;
2.把读写权限授予特定用户
命令：Grantread,write on directory oracleDB to radpcs;
3.在dos窗口执行expdp导出命令
命令：expdp radpcs/[email protected] directory=oracleDB dumpfile =20150226.dmp logfile=20150226.logFULL=y;
到此导出工作完成，下面讲解如何用impdp导入Oracle数据库。
impdp导入Oracle数据库
1.以sysdba级别登录Oracle数据库
命令：--sqlplus /nolog
--conn system/[email protected] as sysdba
2.创建数据表空间
命令：
--创建数据表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE RADPCS_DATA
LOGGING
DATAFILE ‘D:\OracleDB\radpcs_DATA.DBF‘ SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND
ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 16383M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM
SIZE 1024K;
--创建索引表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE RADPCS_INDX
LOGGING
DATAFILE ‘D:\OracleDB\radpcs_INDX.DBF‘ SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND
ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 16383M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM
SIZE 1024K;
这步很关键，创建的表空间需要和原Oracle表空间名称、个数相同，否则会导入失败。如果不知道原表空间名称、个数，就先创建一个临时的表空间进行导入，导入过程中根据错误提示，比如“RADPCS1_DATA表空间不存在”提示，缺哪个创建哪个。
3.创建用户、对用户授权
--创建用户 create user radpcs identified by ictradpcs default tablespace radpcs_data quota unlimited on radpcs_data quota unlimited on radpcs_indx; --授权 grant aq_administrator_role to radpcs; grant aq_user_role to radpcs; grant authenticateduser to radpcs; grant connect to radpcs; grant ctxapp to radpcs; grant dba to radpcs; grant delete_catalog_role to radpcs; grant ejbclient to radpcs; grant execute_catalog_role to radpcs; grant exp_full_database to radpcs; grant gather_system_statistics to radpcs; grant hs_admin_role to radpcs; grant imp_full_database to radpcs; grant javadebugpriv to radpcs; grant javaidpriv to radpcs; grant javasyspriv to radpcs; grant javauserpriv to radpcs; grant java_admin to radpcs; grant java_deploy to radpcs; grant logstdby_administrator to radpcs; grant oem_monitor to radpcs; grant olap_dba to radpcs; grant recovery_catalog_owner to radpcs; grant resource to radpcs; grant select_catalog_role to radpcs; grant xdbadmin to radpcs; -- Grant/Revoke system privileges grant administer database trigger to radpcs; grant alter any cluster to radpcs; grant alter any dimension to radpcs; grant alter any index to radpcs; grant alter any indextype to radpcs; grant alter any library to radpcs; grant alter any outline to radpcs; grant alter any procedure to radpcs; grant alter any role to radpcs; grant alter any sequence to radpcs; grant alter any snapshot to radpcs; grant alter any table to radpcs; grant alter any trigger to radpcs; grant alter any type to radpcs; grant alter database to radpcs; grant alter profile to radpcs; grant alter resource cost to radpcs; grant alter rollback segment to radpcs; grant alter session to radpcs; grant alter system to radpcs; grant alter tablespace to radpcs; grant alter user to radpcs; grant analyze any to radpcs; grant audit any to radpcs; grant audit system to radpcs; grant backup any table to radpcs; grant become user to radpcs; grant comment any table to radpcs; grant create any cluster to radpcs; grant create any context to radpcs; grant create any dimension to radpcs; grant create any directory to radpcs; grant create any index to radpcs; grant create any indextype to radpcs; grant create any library to radpcs; grant create any operator to radpcs; grant create any outline to radpcs; grant create any procedure to radpcs; grant create any sequence to radpcs; grant create any snapshot to radpcs; grant create any synonym to radpcs; grant create any table to radpcs; grant create any trigger to radpcs; grant create any type to radpcs; grant create any view to radpcs; grant create cluster to radpcs; grant create database link to radpcs; grant create dimension to radpcs; grant create indextype to radpcs; grant create library to radpcs; grant create operator to radpcs; grant create procedure to radpcs; grant create profile to radpcs; grant create public database link to radpcs; grant create public synonym to radpcs; grant create role to radpcs; grant create rollback segment to radpcs; grant create sequence to radpcs; grant create session to radpcs; grant create snapshot to radpcs; grant create synonym to radpcs; grant create table to radpcs; grant create tablespace to radpcs; grant create trigger to radpcs; grant create type to radpcs; grant create user to radpcs; grant create view to radpcs; grant debug any procedure to radpcs; grant debug connect session to radpcs; grant delete any table to radpcs; grant drop any cluster to radpcs; grant drop any context to radpcs; grant drop any dimension to radpcs; grant drop any directory to radpcs; grant drop any index to radpcs; grant drop any indextype to radpcs; grant drop any library to radpcs; grant drop any operator to radpcs; grant drop any outline to radpcs; grant drop any procedure to radpcs; grant drop any role to radpcs; grant drop any sequence to radpcs; grant drop any snapshot to radpcs; grant drop any synonym to radpcs; grant drop any table to radpcs; grant drop any trigger to radpcs; grant drop any type to radpcs; grant drop any view to radpcs; grant drop profile to radpcs; grant drop public database link to radpcs; grant drop public synonym to radpcs; grant drop rollback segment to radpcs; grant drop tablespace to radpcs; grant drop user to radpcs; grant execute any indextype to radpcs; grant execute any library to radpcs; grant execute any operator to radpcs; grant execute any procedure to radpcs; grant execute any type to radpcs; grant flashback any table to radpcs; grant force any transaction to radpcs; grant force transaction to radpcs; grant global query rewrite to radpcs; grant grant any object privilege to radpcs; grant grant any privilege to radpcs; grant grant any role to radpcs; grant insert any table to radpcs; grant lock any table to radpcs; grant manage tablespace to radpcs; grant on commit refresh to radpcs; grant query rewrite to radpcs; grant restricted session to radpcs; grant resumable to radpcs; grant select any sequence to radpcs; grant select any table to radpcs; grant under any table to radpcs; grant under any type to radpcs; grant under any view to radpcs; grant unlimited tablespace to radpcs; grant update any table to radpcs; grant select on dba_free_space to radpcs; grant select on dba_data_files to radpcs;
4.在sqlplus下创建Directory
命令：createdirectory oracleDB as ‘D:\OracleDB‘;
5.把读写权限授予特定用户
命令：Grantread,write on directory oracleDB to radpcs;
6.在dos窗口执行impdp导入命令
命令：impdp radpcs/[email protected] directory=oracleDB dumpfile=20150226.dmp logfile=20150226.log;
漫长的等待后，dos窗口会提示导出完成。如果导入过程出错，会提示错误信息（只要数据完整，一些错误可以忽略）。
参考文章：http://blog.csdn.net/indexman/article/details/7849401