C++第10/11周项目 继承与派生 【项目5 - 摩托车继承自行车和机动车】(复习新版)

/*

*copyright(c) 2016,烟台大学计算机学院

*All rights reserved

*文件名称：test.cpp

*作者：谭泽纯

*版本：v6.0

*

在下面一段类的定义中，自行车类的虚基类为车辆类，机动车类的虚基类也为车辆类，摩托车类的基类为自行车类和机动车类，类之间均为公有继承，如图所示。

　　下载可执行文件链接motorcar.exe.

（1）根据上面各类间关系的描述，补全下面程序段中空缺的代码；

（2）实现程序中声明的成员函数，注意相应操作中的动作发生的条件不能满足时应给出提示。

（3）运行程序，享受开摩托的过程。（可以在博客中下载可执行文件，先开摩托，再编程。不必申请驾照，这个摩托车很安全。）

（4）在报告中，请用自己的话写清楚使用虚基类解决什么问题？

<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <iostream></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include<conio.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#include <windows.h></span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">using</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">namespace</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">std</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">enum</span> vehicleStaus {rest, running};  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//车辆状态：泊车、行进</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> vehicle <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//车辆类</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span>:
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> maxSpeed;       <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//最大车速</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> currentSpeed;   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//当前速度</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> weight;         <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//车重</span>
    vehicleStaus status; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//rest-泊车状态；running-行进状态</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
    vehicle(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> maxS, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> w); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//构造函数，初始时，当前速度总为0且处在停车状态</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> start();  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//由rest状态到running, 初速为1</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> stop(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//由running状态到rest, 当前速度小于5时，才允许停车</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> speed_up();  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//加速，调用1次，速度加1</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> slow_down(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//减速，调用1次，速度减1，速度为0时，停车</span>
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> bicycle :_____(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)_________<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//（1）自行车类的虚基类为车辆类</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span>:
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">double</span> height; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//车高</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
    bicycle(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> maxS=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> w=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">50</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> h=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.7</span>);   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//定义构造函数</span>
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> motorcar : ______(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>)__________<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//（2）机动车类的虚基类也为车辆类</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span>:
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> seatNum; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//座位数</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> passengerNum; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//乘客人数</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
    motorcar(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> maxS=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">150</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> w=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1500</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> s=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> p=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//定义构造函数</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> addPassenger(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> p=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);   <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//增加搭载的乘客，超员要拒载，有人下车时，p为负数。当然车上乘客至少有1个（司机）。只有车停稳后才能上下客。</span>
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> motorcycle: ______(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>)_________ <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//（3）摩托车类的基类为自行车类和机动车类</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span>:
    motorcycle(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> maxS=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">90</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> w=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> s=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> p=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> h=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.7</span>);<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//定义构造函数</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> show(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//显示摩托车的运行状态</span>
};

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> main( )
{
    motorcycle m;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">bool</span> end=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (!end)
    {
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"请操作：1-启动  2-加速  3-减速  4-有人上车  5-有人下车  6-停车 0-结束"</span><<endl;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">char</span> keydown= _getch(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//_getch()返回键盘上读取的字符</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">switch</span>(keydown)
        {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'1'</span>:
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"选中的操作是1-启动\t"</span>;
            m.start();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'2'</span>:
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"选中的操作是2-加速\t"</span>;
            m.speed_up();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'3'</span>:
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"选中的操作是3-减速\t"</span>;
            m.slow_down();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'4'</span>:
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"选中的操作是4-有人上车\t"</span>;
            m.addPassenger();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'5'</span>:
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"选中的操作是5-有人下车\t"</span>;
            m.addPassenger(-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'6'</span>:
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"选中的操作是6-停车\t"</span>;
            m.stop();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'0'</span>:
            end=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>;
        }
        m.show();
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">cout</span><<endl;
        Sleep(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">200</span>);  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//要包含头文件<windows.h></span>
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
}</code>

1. #include <iostream>
2. #include<conio.h>
3. #include <windows.h>
4. using namespace std;
5. enum VehicleStaus {rest, running};  //车辆状态：泊车、行进
6. class Vehicle //车辆类
7. {
8. protected:
9. int maxSpeed;       //最大车速
10. int currentSpeed;   //当前速度
11. int weight;         //车重
12. VehicleStaus status; //rest-泊车状态；running-行进状态
13. public:
14. Vehicle(int maxS, int w); //构造函数，初始时，当前速度总为0且处在停车状态
15. void start();  //由rest状态到running, 初速为1
16. void stop(); //由running状态到rest, 当前速度小于5时，才允许停车
17. void speed_up();  //加速，调用1次，速度加1
18. void slow_down(); //减速，调用1次，速度减1，速度为0时，停车
19. };
20. Vehicle::Vehicle(int maxS, int w):maxSpeed(maxS), currentSpeed(0),weight(w), status(rest) {}
21. void Vehicle::start()
22. {
23. if (status==rest)
24. {
25. status=running;
26. currentSpeed=1;
27. }
28. else
29. cout<<"车辆已经行驶！"<<endl;
30. }
31. //由running状态到rest, 当前速度小于5时，才允许停车
32. void Vehicle::stop()
33. {
34. if (status==running)
35. if(currentSpeed<5)
36. {
37. status=rest;
38. currentSpeed=0;
39. }
40. else
41. cout<<"车速太快！先减速再停车……"<<endl;
42. else
43. cout<<"车辆未启动！"<<endl;
44. }
45. void Vehicle::speed_up()
46. {
47. if (status==running)
48. if(currentSpeed<maxSpeed)
49. ++currentSpeed;
50. else
51. cout<<"请不要超速行驶……"<<endl;
52. else
53. cout<<"车辆未启动！"<<endl;
54. }
55. void Vehicle::slow_down()
56. {
57. if (status==running)
58. {
59. if(currentSpeed>0)
60. --currentSpeed;
61. }
62. else
63. cout<<"车辆未启动！"<<endl;
64. if(currentSpeed==0)
65. status=rest;
66. }
67. class Bicycle :virtual public Vehicle
68. {
69. protected:
70. double height;
71. public:
72. Bicycle(int maxS=10, int w=50, int h=0.7);
73. };
74. Bicycle::Bicycle(int maxS, int w, int h):Vehicle(maxS, w),height(h) {}
75. class Motorcar : virtual public Vehicle
76. {
77. protected:
78. int seatNum;
79. int passengerNum;
80. public:
81. Motorcar(int maxS=150, int w=1500, int s=5, int p=1);
82. void addPassenger(int p=1);
83. };
84. Motorcar::Motorcar(int maxS, int w, int s, int p): Vehicle(maxS, w),seatNum(s),passengerNum(p) {}
85. void Motorcar::addPassenger(int p)
86. {
87. if (status==running)
88. {
89. cout<<"车辆正在行驶，停车后再上下车！"<<endl;
90. }
91. else
92. {
93. passengerNum+=p;
94. if(passengerNum>seatNum)
95. {
96. passengerNum=seatNum;
97. cout<<"涉嫌超员，已清理后达到满员！"<<endl;
98. }
99. else if (passengerNum<1)
100. {
101. passengerNum=1;
102. cout<<"请司机不要离开岗位！"<<endl;
103. }
104. }
105. }
106. class Motorcycle: public Bicycle, public Motorcar
107. {
108. public:
109. Motorcycle(int maxS=90, int w=100, int s=3, int p=1, int h=0.7);
110. void show();
111. };
112. Motorcycle::Motorcycle(int maxS, int w, int s, int p, int h):Vehicle(maxS, w),Bicycle(maxS, w, h),Motorcar(maxS, w, s, p) {}
113. void Motorcycle::show()
114. {
115. cout<<"状态：";
116. if(status==rest)
117. cout<<"泊车；\t";
118. else
119. cout<<"行进；\t";
120. cout<<"车速："<<currentSpeed<<" / "<< maxSpeed <<"\t当前乘员："<<passengerNum<<" / "<< seatNum << endl;
121. }
122. int main( )
123. {
124. Motorcycle m;
125. bool end=false;
126. while (!end)
127. {
128. cout<<"请操作：1-启动  2-加速  3-减速  4-有人上车  5-有人下车  6-停车 0-结束"<<endl;
129. char keydown= _getch();
130. switch(keydown)
131. {
132. case ‘1‘:
133. cout<<"选中的操作是1-启动\t";
134. m.start();
135. break;
136. case ‘2‘:
137. cout<<"选中的操作是2-加速\t";
138. m.speed_up();
139. break;
140. case ‘3‘:
141. cout<<"选中的操作是3-减速\t";
142. m.slow_down();
143. break;
144. case ‘4‘:
145. cout<<"选中的操作是4-有人上车\t";
146. m.addPassenger();
147. break;
148. case ‘5‘:
149. cout<<"选中的操作是5-有人下车\t";
150. m.addPassenger(-1);
151. break;
152. case ‘6‘:
153. cout<<"选中的操作是6-停车\t";
154. m.stop();
155. break;
156. case ‘0‘:
157. end=true;
158. break;
159. }
160. m.show();
161. cout<<endl;
162. Sleep(200);
163. }
164. return 0;
165. }