ls命令概述
ls命令用于显示文件目录列表,和Windows系统下DOS命令dir类似。当执行ls命令时,默认显示的只有非隐藏文件的文件名、以文件名进行排序及文件名代表的颜色显示。当不加参数时,默认列出当前目录的列表信息。ls命令使用频率非常高,参数也非常多,多达四五十个,本文只介绍一部分常用的参数,其他参数可以通过man命令查看帮助手册。
说明:在linux下,文件名以点.开头表示该文件为隐藏文件,如.bashrc。
ls命令语法
ls [选项] [目录或文件名]
参数:
-a:--all的缩写,显示所有的文件,包括隐藏文件(以.开头的文件),参考示例1。(常用)
-A:--almost-all的缩写,显示所有的文件,包括隐藏文件,但不包括表示当前目录.和上级目录..这两个文件,参考示例2。
-c:和-lt一起使用:显示列表并且以ctime(文件状态最后改变时间)排序。和-l一起使用:显示ctime并且以文件名排序。其他情况,以ctime排序。参考示例3。
-d:--directory的缩写,仅列出目录本身,而不是列出目录里的内容列表,参考示例4。(常用)
-f:直接列出结果,而不进行排序(ls默认会以文件名排序)
--color[=WHEN]:是否根据文件类型显示颜色,WHEN可以为never、always或者auto
--full-time:以完整的实际模式显示(包含年月日时分),类似与ls -l --time-style=full-iso,参考示例5。
-g:列表显示结果,和-l类似,但是不显示文件所属者。
-h:将文件内容大小以GB、KB等易读的方式显示,参考示例6。
-i:结合-l参数,列出每个文件的inode,参考示例7。
-l:列出长数据串,显示出文件的属性与权限等数据信息(常用)
-n:和-l类似,只是显示的所属用户和组不是名称而是对应的id,参考示例8。
-r:--reverse,将排序结果以倒序方式显示,参考示例9。
-S:以文件大小排序,参考示例9。
-t:以修改时间排序
--help:显示帮助信息
ls命令示例
[[email protected] ~]$ ls 1.log a.txt coprocessor.log filename.txt for99.sh hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz ini log student.txt test4.sh tf.sh 1.txt caseeg.sh file file.out ha hadoop.txt jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz logs test2.sh test5.sh zookeeper anaconda3 color99.sh file.err for99 hadoop header.txt kafka logZip.sh test3.sh test.sh zookeeper.out
示例1:列出所有文件(注意和-A
参数的区别,结果里面包括表示当前目录.
和上级目录..
这两个文件)。
[[email protected] ~]$ ls -a . anaconda3 .bash_profile color99.sh file.err for99 hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz logZip.sh student.txt test5.sh zookeeper.out .. a.txt .bashrc .continuum filename.txt for99.sh hadoop.txt kafka .oracle_jre_usage test2.sh test.sh 1.log .bash_history .bashrc-anaconda3.bak coprocessor.log file.out ha header.txt log .python_history test3.sh tf.sh 1.txt .bash_logout caseeg.sh file .flume hadoop ini logs .ssh test4.sh zookeeper
示例2:列出所有的文件,但不包括表示当前目录.
和上级目录..
这两个文件。
[[email protected] ~]$ ls -A 1.log .bash_history .bashrc-anaconda3.bak coprocessor.log file.out ha header.txt log .python_history test3.sh tf.sh 1.txt .bash_logout caseeg.sh file .flume hadoop ini logs .ssh test4.sh zookeeper anaconda3 .bash_profile color99.sh file.err for99 hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz logZip.sh student.txt test5.sh zookeeper.out a.txt .bashrc .continuum filename.txt for99.sh hadoop.txt kafka .oracle_jre_usage test2.sh test.sh [[email protected] ~]$ ls --almost-all 1.log .bash_history .bashrc-anaconda3.bak coprocessor.log file.out ha header.txt log .python_history test3.sh tf.sh 1.txt .bash_logout caseeg.sh file .flume hadoop ini logs .ssh test4.sh zookeeper anaconda3 .bash_profile color99.sh file.err for99 hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz logZip.sh student.txt test5.sh zookeeper.out a.txt .bashrc .continuum filename.txt for99.sh hadoop.txt kafka .oracle_jre_usage test2.sh test.sh
示例3:显示列表并且以ctime排序
[[email protected] ~]$ ls -clt total 390824 -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 65 May 23 14:59 1.log -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 157 May 23 14:59 test5.sh -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 205 May 23 11:27 logZip.sh -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 108 May 23 11:15 test4.sh -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 139 May 23 09:15 ini -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 268 May 23 01:16 test3.sh -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 51 May 21 17:38 filename.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 1 May 21 17:38 file.err -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 1 May 21 17:37 file.out -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 51 May 21 17:30 a.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 56 May 21 16:33 test.sh -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 5 May 21 14:39 file -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 8 Apr 5 01:18 test2.sh drwxrwxr-x. 3 centos centos 35 Apr 5 01:03 zookeeper -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 474970 Apr 5 01:03 zookeeper.out drwxrwxr-x. 12 centos centos 150 Jan 26 17:06 anaconda3 drwxrwxr-x. 3 centos centos 18 Nov 2 2018 kafka drwxrwxr-x. 4 centos centos 37 Oct 11 2018 ha -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 4 Aug 24 2018 student.txt drwxrwxr-x. 2 centos centos 63 Aug 24 2018 log drwxrwxr-x. 2 centos centos 6 Aug 24 2018 logs -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 10 Aug 24 2018 header.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 219 Aug 18 2018 coprocessor.log drwxrwxr-x. 4 centos centos 37 Jul 22 2018 hadoop -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 1060 Jul 20 2018 hadoop.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 214092195 Jul 20 2018 hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz -rwxrwxr-x. 1 centos centos 86 Jul 17 2018 caseeg.sh -rwxrw-r--. 1 centos centos 90 Jul 17 2018 color99.sh -rwxrwxr-x. 1 centos centos 53 Jul 17 2018 tf.sh -rwxrwxr-x. 1 centos centos 140 Jul 17 2018 for99.sh -rwxrwxr-x. 1 centos centos 108 Jul 17 2018 for99 -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 20 Jul 17 2018 1.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 185540433 Jul 17 2018 jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]$ ls -cl total 390824 -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 65 May 23 14:59 1.log -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 20 Jul 17 2018 1.txt drwxrwxr-x. 12 centos centos 150 Jan 26 17:06 anaconda3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 51 May 21 17:30 a.txt -rwxrwxr-x. 1 centos centos 86 Jul 17 2018 caseeg.sh -rwxrw-r--. 1 centos centos 90 Jul 17 2018 color99.sh -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 219 Aug 18 2018 coprocessor.log -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 5 May 21 14:39 file -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 1 May 21 17:38 file.err -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 51 May 21 17:38 filename.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 1 May 21 17:37 file.out -rwxrwxr-x. 1 centos centos 108 Jul 17 2018 for99 -rwxrwxr-x. 1 centos centos 140 Jul 17 2018 for99.sh drwxrwxr-x. 4 centos centos 37 Oct 11 2018 ha drwxrwxr-x. 4 centos centos 37 Jul 22 2018 hadoop -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 214092195 Jul 20 2018 hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 1060 Jul 20 2018 hadoop.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 10 Aug 24 2018 header.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 139 May 23 09:15 ini -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 185540433 Jul 17 2018 jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz drwxrwxr-x. 3 centos centos 18 Nov 2 2018 kafka drwxrwxr-x. 2 centos centos 63 Aug 24 2018 log drwxrwxr-x. 2 centos centos 6 Aug 24 2018 logs -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 205 May 23 11:27 logZip.sh -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 4 Aug 24 2018 student.txt -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 8 Apr 5 01:18 test2.sh -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 268 May 23 01:16 test3.sh -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 108 May 23 11:15 test4.sh -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 157 May 23 14:59 test5.sh -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 56 May 21 16:33 test.sh -rwxrwxr-x. 1 centos centos 53 Jul 17 2018 tf.sh drwxrwxr-x. 3 centos centos 35 Apr 5 01:03 zookeeper -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 474970 Apr 5 01:03 zookeeper.out
示例4:仅仅列出目录本身,不需要列出目录里的内容
[[email protected] ~]$ ls -d /home #仅列出/home目录本身 /home [[email protected] ~]$ ls /home #列出/home目录里的内容 centos
示例5:显示完整时间
[[email protected] ~]$ ls --full-time / total 20 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 2018-07-16 22:14:25.675333601 +0800 bin -> usr/bin dr-xr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 2018-07-16 22:20:27.271001648 +0800 boot drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 3180 2019-05-24 20:32:14.446999702 +0800 dev drwxr-xr-x. 78 root root 8192 2019-05-24 20:32:06.675999960 +0800 etc drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 20 2018-07-16 22:18:42.624343276 +0800 home lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 2018-07-16 22:14:25.677333601 +0800 lib -> usr/lib lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 2018-07-16 22:14:25.677333601 +0800 lib64 -> usr/lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 2016-11-05 23:38:36.000000000 +0800 media drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 2016-11-05 23:38:36.000000000 +0800 mnt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 45 2019-01-26 17:08:03.622231114 +0800 opt dr-xr-xr-x. 156 root root 0 2019-05-24 20:31:59.011000000 +0800 proc dr-xr-x---. 7 root root 209 2018-08-31 14:37:12.818765051 +0800 root drwxr-xr-x. 21 root root 600 2019-05-24 20:32:26.359999305 +0800 run lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 2018-07-16 22:14:25.677333601 +0800 sbin -> usr/sbin drwxr-xr-x. 10 centos centos 4096 2018-10-09 15:46:23.455045955 +0800 soft drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 2016-11-05 23:38:36.000000000 +0800 srv dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 2019-05-24 20:32:07.496999933 +0800 sys drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 93 2019-05-24 21:31:02.252882289 +0800 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 2018-07-16 22:14:25.839333607 +0800 usr drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 267 2019-05-24 20:32:06.676999960 +0800 var
示例6:以易读方式显示列表
[[email protected] ~]$ ls -l total 524 drwxrwxr-x. 12 centos centos 150 Jan 26 17:17 anaconda3 drwxrwxr-x. 4 centos centos 37 Oct 11 2018 ha drwxrwxr-x. 4 centos centos 37 Jul 22 2018 hadoop drwxrwxr-x. 3 centos centos 18 Nov 2 2018 kafka drwxrwxr-x. 2 centos centos 19 Aug 23 2018 log drwxrwxr-x. 2 centos centos 21 Aug 24 2018 logs drwxrwxr-x. 3 centos centos 56 Apr 5 01:03 zookeeper -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 534884 Apr 5 01:03 zookeeper.out [[email protected] ~]$ ls -lh total 524K drwxrwxr-x. 12 centos centos 150 Jan 26 17:17 anaconda3 drwxrwxr-x. 4 centos centos 37 Oct 11 2018 ha drwxrwxr-x. 4 centos centos 37 Jul 22 2018 hadoop drwxrwxr-x. 3 centos centos 18 Nov 2 2018 kafka drwxrwxr-x. 2 centos centos 19 Aug 23 2018 log drwxrwxr-x. 2 centos centos 21 Aug 24 2018 logs drwxrwxr-x. 3 centos centos 56 Apr 5 01:03 zookeeper -rw-rw-r--. 1 centos centos 523K Apr 5 01:03 zookeeper.out [[email protected] ~]$
示例7:显示inode
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wqbin/p/10929829.html