命令介绍:
chkconfig命令用来更新、查询、修改不同运行级上的系统服务。比如安装了httpd服务,并且把启动的脚本放在了/etc/rc.d/init.d目录下,有时候需要开机自动启动它,而有时候则不需要,因此,就可以使chkconfig命令来进行控制,这个命令就相当于一个开关,不过这个开关有[0~6]共7个档.
# 0 - 停机
# 1 - 单用户模式
# 2 - 多用户,没有NFS
# 3 - 完全多用户模式(标准的运行级)
# 4 - 没有用到
# 5 - X11(xwindow)
# 6 - 重新启动
表示在不同级别下的运行状态是on还是off。所以千万不用讲运行级别设置为0,6;最常用的就是2,3,5
chkconfig --list [name] 服务列表[可根据实际需要,停掉不用服务]
chkconfig --add [name] 服务添加[如缺省,则从缺省的init脚本自动建立]
chkconfig --del [name] 服务删除[并把相关符号连接从/etc/rc[0-6].d删除]
chkconfig --level name <on|off|reset>
on 服务在改变运行级时的启动
off 服务在改变运行级时的停止
reset 指初始化服务信息
level 指运行级别;比如235表示运行级别为2、3、5
至于配置文件,可以放置到init的初始文件中,也可以再shell脚本中添加:
例1:random.init 包含三行: # chkconfig: 2345 20 80 # description: Saves and restores system entropy pool for \ # higher quality random number generation. 表明 random 脚本应该在运行级 2, 3, 4, 5 启动,启动优先权为20,停止优先权为:80
例2: 配置文件写在运行脚本中 [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/init.d/test #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: 345 30 70 # description: Test service # author: Jerry_1126 # version: v1.01
常用例子:
- 例子1: 脚本中检查服务的启动;
# vi check.sh chkconfig network && echo "Network service is configured" chkconfig httpd && echo "httpd service is configured" # ./check.sh Network service is configured
NOTE:chkconfig直接加服务名,如果返回真的话,echo信息。也可检查运行级别
# vi check1.sh chkconfig network --level 3 && echo "Network service is configured for level 3" chkconfig network --level 1 && echo "Network service is configured for level 1" # ./check1.sh Network service is configured for level 3
- 例子2: 检查当前运行的服务及级别
# chkconfig --list abrtd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off acpid 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off atd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off ...
如果只想查运行级别为3且开关打开的,则可以:
chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
如果只想查看具体某个服务,则可以:
chkconfig --list | grep network
- 例子3: 添加服务,自动会在2,3,4,5打开
# chkconfig --list | grep iptables # chkconfig --add iptables # chkconfig --list | grep iptables iptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
- 例子4: 删除服务
# chkconfig --list | grep ip6tables ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:off # chkconfig --del iptables # chkconfig --list | grep iptables
- 例子5: 打开、关闭运行级别的服务
# chkconfig --level 5 mysql off # 在运行级别为5的开关上,关闭mysql服务
# chkconfig --level 235 mysql on # 在运行级别为2,3,5开关上,打开的mysql服务
- 例子6: 检查rc.d子脚本下的脚本文件
# chkconfig --list | grep xinetd xinetd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off xinetd based services: # cd /etc/rc.d/rc3.d # ls | grep xinetd K08xinetd #关闭的时候,杀掉K开头的文件 S14xinetd #启动的时候,启动S开头的文件
- 例子7: 执行添加命令时,rc.d目录下脚本变化
假如nfsserver没启动,那么在/etc/rc.d/rc*.d目录下,不存在文件
# chkconfig --list | grep nfsserver nfsserver 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off # ls /etc/rc.d/rc3.d | grep nfsserver # ls /etc/rc.d/rc5.d | grep nfsserver
假如nfsserver服务启动后,目录变化:
# chkconfig --add nfsserver nfsserver 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off # cd /etc/rc.d/rc3.d # ls -l | grep nfsserver lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 2011-06-18 00:52 K08nfsserver -> ../nfsserver lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 2011-06-18 00:52 S14nfsserver -> ../nfsserver # cd /etc/rc.d/rc5.d # ls -l | grep nfsserver lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 2011-06-18 00:52 K08nfsserver -> ../nfsserver lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 2011-06-18 00:52 S14nfsserver -> ../nfsserver
假如nfsserver服务关闭后,目录变化:
# chkconfig --level 5 nfsserver off # ls /etc/rc.d/rc5.d | grep nfsserver
自定义服务添加:
举个简单例子,说明下一个自定义服务添加的详细过程:
[[email protected] init.d]# cd /etc/init.d/test #进入目录 [[email protected] init.d]# touch test #在该目录下,新建个服务脚本 [[email protected] init.d]# cat test #脚本内容 #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: 345 30 70 #此行必须有,运行级别3,4,5,启动时权限30,关闭时权限70 # description: Test Service Running difference level # author: Jerry_1126 # version: v1.01 case "$1" in stop) echo -e "The Test service is ${1}ed! \n" ;; start) echo -e "The Test service is ${1}ed! \n" ;; restart) echo -e "The Test service is restart! \n" ;; *) echo -e "The parameter is wrong! \n" ;; esac [[email protected] init.d]# chmod +x ./test [[email protected] init.d]# chkconfig --add test [[email protected] init.d]# service test start The Test service is started! [[email protected] init.d]# chkconfig --list | grep test test 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [[email protected] init.d]# chkconfig --level 3 test on [[email protected] init.d]# chkconfig --list | grep test test 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:off
附录:
附1:常用服务介绍
amd: # 自动安装网络文件系统守侯进程 apmd: # 高级电源管理 Arpwatch: # 记录日志并构建一个在LAN接口上看到的以太网地址和IP地址对数据库 Autofs: # 自动安装管理进程automount,与NFS相关,依赖于NIS Bootparamd: # 引导参数服务器,为LAN上的无盘工作站提供引导所需的相关信息 crond: # 计划任务 Dhcpd: # 启动一个动态IP地址分配服务器 Gated: # 网关路由守候进程,使用动态的OSPF路由选择协议 Httpd: # WEB服务器 Inetd: # 支持多种网络服务的核心守候程序 Innd: # Usenet新闻服务器 Linuxconf: # 允许使用本地WEB服务器作为用户接口来配置机器 Lpd: # 打印服务器 Mars-nwe: # mars-nwe文件和用于Novell的打印服务器 Mcserv: # Midnight命令文件服务器 named: # DNS服务器 netfs: # 安装NFS、Samba和NetWare网络文件系统 network: # 激活已配置网络接口的脚本程序 nfs: # 打开NFS服务 nscd: # nscd服务器,用于NIS一个支持服务,它高速缓存用户口令和组成成员关系 portmap: # RPC portmap管理器,与inetd类似,它管理基于RPC服务的连接 postgresql: # 一种SQL数据库服务器。 routed: # 路由守候进程,使用动态RIP路由选择协议 rstatd: # 一个为LAN上的其它机器收集和提供系统信息的守候程序 ruserd: # 远程用户定位服务,这是一个基于RPC的服务,它提供关于当前记录到LAN上一个机器日志中的用户信息 rwalld: # 激活rpc.rwall服务进程,这是一项基于RPC的服务,允许用户给每个注册到LAN机器的其他终端写消息 rwhod: # 激活rwhod服务进程,它支持LAN的rwho和ruptime服务 sendmail: # 邮件服务器sendmail smb: # Samba文件共享/打印服务 snmpd: # 本地简单网络管理候进程 squid: # 激活代理服务器squid syslog: # 一个让系统引导时起动syslog和klogd系统日志守候进程的脚本 xfs: # X Window字型服务器,为本地和远程X服务器提供字型集 xntpd: # 网络时间服务器 ypbind: # 为NIS(网络信息系统)客户机激活ypbind服务进程 yppasswdd: # NIS口令服务器 ypserv: # NIS主服务器 gpm: # 管鼠标的服务 identd: # AUTH服务,在提供用户信息方面与finger类似
附2:HTTP Service的完整脚本
#!/bin/bash # # httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve # HTML files and CGI. # processname: httpd # config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd # pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/httpd fi # Start httpd in the C locale by default. HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"} # This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if # mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user. INITLOG_ARGS="" # Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server # with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not # work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start. # Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages. apachectl=/usr/sbin/apachectl httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/sbin/httpd} prog=httpd pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid} lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd} RETVAL=0 STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10} # check for 1.3 configuration check13 () { CONFFILE=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf GONE="(ServerType|BindAddress|Port|AddModule|ClearModuleList|" GONE="${GONE}AgentLog|RefererLog|RefererIgnore|FancyIndexing|" GONE="${GONE}AccessConfig|ResourceConfig)" if LANG=C grep -Eiq "^[[:space:]]*($GONE)" $CONFFILE; then echo echo 1>&2 " Apache 1.3 configuration directives found" echo 1>&2 " please read /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.2.3/migration.html" failure "Apache 1.3 config directives test" echo exit 1 fi } # The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does # things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown # when not running is also a failure. So we just do it the way init scripts # are expected to behave here. start() { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " check13 || exit 1 LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile} return $RETVAL } # When stopping httpd a delay (of default 10 second) is required # before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the # httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children. stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile} } reload() { echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then RETVAL=6 echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error" failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error" else # Force LSB behaviour from killproc LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP RETVAL=$? if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then failure $"httpd shutdown" fi fi echo } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; status) status -p ${pidfile} $httpd RETVAL=$? ;; restart) stop start ;; condrestart|try-restart) if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then stop start fi ;; force-reload|reload) reload ;; graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus) $apachectl [email protected] RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|hel p|configtest}" RETVAL=2 esac