Kernel Support for miscellaneous (your favourite) Binary Formats v1.1
内核对五花八门的二进制格式的支持
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This Kernel feature allows you to invoke almost (for restrictions see below)
every program by simply typing its name in the shell.
该内核允许你调用几乎任何一个程序，你仅仅需要在shell中键入他的名字。
This includes for example compiled Java(TM), Python or Emacs programs.
这包括例如被编译之后的java，python或者是emacs程序。
To achieve this you must tell binfmt_misc which interpreter has to be invoked
with which binary. Binfmt_misc recognises the binary-type by matching some bytes
at the beginning of the file with a magic byte sequence (masking out specified
bits) you have supplied. Binfmt_misc can also recognise a filename extension
aka ‘.com‘ or ‘.exe‘.
为了达到这个目的，你必须告诉binfmt_misc你需要调用哪一个二进制格式的解释器。Binfmt_misc
程序通过匹配文件开始的一些二进制序列（以一些特殊的二进制位来标识）来识别是哪一种二进制
类型。Binfmt_misc也能够识别一个文件的扩展名例如‘.com‘或者是‘.exe‘.
First you must mount binfmt_misc:
mount binfmt_misc -t binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
首先你需要挂载binfmt_misc
mount binfmt_misc -t binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
To actually register a new binary type, you have to set up a string looking like
:name:type:offset:magic:mask:interpreter: (where you can choose the ‘:‘ upon
your needs) and echo it to /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register.
为了能够真正的注册一个新的二进制类型，你应该设置一个字符串看上去像:name:type:offset
:magic:mask:interpreter:(你可以根据你的需要选择‘:‘)并且将他广播到/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/resgister中
Here is what the fields mean:
下面是这些参数的意思：
- ‘name‘ is an identifier string. A new /proc file will be created with this
name below /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
- ‘name‘是定义字符串.一个新的/proc文件将在/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc下以他的名字被创建
- ‘type‘ is the type of recognition. Give ‘M‘ for magic and ‘E‘ for extension.
- ‘type‘ 是识别的类型。‘M‘代表着二进制序列和‘E‘是扩展
- ‘offset‘ is the offset of the magic/mask in the file, counted in bytes. This
defaults to 0 if you omit it (i.e. you write ‘:name:type::magic...‘)
- ‘offset‘是在文件中二进制学列的偏移量，以位计数。如果你这样写‘:name:type::magic...‘,
那么它默认是0。
- ‘magic‘ is the byte sequence binfmt_misc is matching for. The magic string
may contain hex-encoded characters like \x0a or \xA4. In a shell environment
you will have to write \\x0a to prevent the shell from eating your \.
If you chose filename extension matching, this is the extension to be
recognised (without the ‘.‘, the \x0a specials are not allowed). Extension
matching is case sensitive!
- ‘magic‘是binfmt_misc要匹配的位序列。这个位序列可能包含16进制编码的字符例如\x0a
或者是 \xA4.在一个shell环境中，你必须写\\x0a来避免shell吞掉你的\。如果你选择
使用文件扩展名开匹配的话，下面是一些小规则(不能有‘.‘,\x0a是不允许的).并且扩展名
匹配是大小写敏感的。
- ‘mask‘ is an (optional, defaults to all 0xff) mask. You can mask out some
bits from matching by supplying a string like magic and as long as magic.
The mask is anded with the byte sequence of the file.
- ‘mask‘是一个标识(可选的，默认所有的都是0xff)。通过提供一个类似于magic或者是和magic
一样长的字符串来从正在匹配的文件中标识出一些位。
- ‘interpreter‘ is the program that should be invoked with the binary as first
argument (specify the full path)
- ‘interpreter‘ 应该是被二进制文件首先被调用的参数(特别是全路径)。
There are some restrictions:
同时还有一些显示:
- the whole register string may not exceed 255 characters 整体的寄存器字符串不应该超过255个字符
- the magic must reside in the first 128 bytes of the file, i.e. 位序列一定要放在文件的前128位上，例如offset+size(magic)一定要少于128
offset+size(magic) has to be less than 128
- the interpreter string may not exceed 127 characters 解释器字符串不能超过127个字符
To use binfmt_misc you have to mount it first. You can mount it with
"mount -t binfmt_misc none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc" command, or you can add
a line "none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc defaults 0 0" to your
/etc/fstab so it auto mounts on boot.
为了能够使用binfmt_misc你必须先去挂载她。你可以使用命令"mount -t binfmt_misc
none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc"来挂载她，或者是你可以在/etc/fstab中添加一行
"none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc defaults 0 0",这样他就会自动在
启动的时候挂载。
You may want to add the binary formats in one of your /etc/rc scripts during
boot-up. Read the manual of your init program to figure out how to do this
right.
你可能想要在启动的时候在你的一个/etc/rc脚本文件中添加一个二进制格式。阅读你的启动
程序手册来弄清楚如何正确的做这些事情。
Think about the order of adding entries! Later added entries are matched first!
请思考一些添加的顺序，后添加的会先被匹配。
A few examples (assumed you are in /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc):
几个小例子（假设你在/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc中）
- enable support for em86 (like binfmt_em86, for Alpha AXP only):
echo ‘:i386:M::\x7fELF\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x03:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfb\xff\xff:/bin/em86:‘ > register
echo ‘:i486:M::\x7fELF\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x06:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfb\xff\xff:/bin/em86:‘ > register
启动对em86的支持(类似于binfmt_em86，仅仅对Alpha AXP适用)
echo ‘:i386:M::\x7fELF\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x03:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfb\xff\xff:/bin/em86:‘ > register
echo ‘:i486:M::\x7fELF\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x06:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfb\xff\xff:/bin/em86:‘ > register
- enable support for packed DOS applications (pre-configured dosemu hdimages):
echo ‘:DEXE:M::\x0eDEX::/usr/bin/dosexec:‘ > register
启动对DOS应用程序的支持
echo ‘:DEXE:M::\x0eDEX::/usr/bin/dosexec:‘ > register
- enable support for Windows executables using wine:
echo ‘:DOSWin:M::MZ::/usr/local/bin/wine:‘ > register
启动使用wine对windows可执行程序的支持
echo ‘:DOSWin:M::MZ::/usr/local/bin/wine:‘ > register
For java support see Documentation/java.txt
对于java支持，请查看Documentation/java.txt文件
You can enable/disable binfmt_misc or one binary type by echoing 0 (to disable)
or 1 (to enable) to /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status or /proc/.../the_name.
Catting the file tells you the current status of binfmt_misc/the entry.
你可以通过向/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status 或者是 /proc/.../the_name广播0(关闭)
或者是1(启动)来启动/关闭binfmt_misc或者是一个二进制类型。查看文件能够告诉你binfmt_misc
/the entry的当前状态。
You can remove one entry or all entries by echoing -1 to /proc/.../the_name
or /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status.
你可以通过向/proc/.../the_name或者是/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status广播-1来移除
一个记录或者是所有的记录。
HINTS:
提示：
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If you want to pass special arguments to your interpreter, you can
write a wrapper script for it. See Documentation/java.txt for an
example.
如果你想要向你的解释器传送特殊的参数，你可以向他写一个脚本文件。例如
你可以查看Documentation/java.txt文件。
Your interpreter should NOT look in the PATH for the filename; the
kernel passes it the full filename to use. Using the PATH can cause
unexpected behaviour and be a security hazard.
你的解释器不应该查看文件名字的路径。（这句话不是很明白）内核会将文件全名
传送给她使用。使用PATH可能会导致不可预料的问题并且会成为一个安全危险。
There is a web page about binfmt_misc at
http://www.tat.physik.uni-tuebingen.de/~rguenth/linux/binfmt_misc.html
这里有一个有关binfmt_misc的网页:
http://www.tat.physik.uni-tuebingen.de/~rguenth/linux/binfmt_misc.html
Richard G黱ther <[email protected]en.de>