一、admin管理数据库
1）models.py创建class类表
class Book(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=20)
price=models.IntegerField()
pub_date=models.DateField()
publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author") # 会自动生成多对多的book_author的关系表
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Publish(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
city=models.CharField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
age=models.IntegerField(default=20)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
models.py
强调：配置文件加入app, LANGUAGE_CODE = ‘zh-hans‘ 修改后台显示语言
python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate python manage.py createsuperuser 生成管理员账号及密码
2）运行Django，输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin。
3）添加admin管理model创建的表
name=models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name="姓名") 起别名
price=models.IntegerField("价格") # 起别名
from django.contrib import admin from admin_orm import models # Register your models here. admin.site.register(models.Author) admin.site.register(models.Book) admin.site.register(models.Publish)
admin.py
4）自定义admin管理models表
from django.contrib import admin
from admin_orm import models
# Register your models here.
# 自定义表的后台管理
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = (‘id‘,‘name‘,‘price‘,‘pub_date‘)
# 字段横着显示,字段显示不能加多对多的字段
list_editable = (‘name‘,‘price‘) # 横着显示，修改字段
filter_horizontal = (‘authors‘,) # 添加字段内容的搜索框
list_per_page = 5 # 分页，显示数据的长度，默认是20条
search_fields = (‘id‘,‘name‘,‘publish__name‘)
# 按照字段搜索,publish__name因为关联了别的表，所有以 publish的name搜索
list_filter = (‘pub_date‘,‘publish‘) # 过滤
ordering = ("price",‘id‘) # 排序
# filter_vertical = # 垂直的，
# fieldsets =[
# (None, {‘fields‘: [‘title‘]}),
# (‘price information‘, {‘fields‘: [‘price‘,"publisher"], ‘classes‘: [‘collapse‘]}),
# ] # 隐藏增加属性
admin.site.register(models.Author)
admin.site.register(models.Book,BookAdmin) # 引用自定义的后台管理表内容
admin.site.register(models.Publish)
admin.py
二、学生信息管理（自定义网站管理（数据库））
1）创建学生信息表
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Classes(models.Model):
‘‘‘
班级表，与老师是 一对多的关系
‘‘‘
titile = models.CharField(max_length=32)
m = models.ManyToManyField("Teachers")
class Teachers(models.Model):
‘‘‘
老师表
‘‘‘
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Student(models.Model):
‘‘‘
学生表，班级是一对多的关系
‘‘‘
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
age = models.IntegerField()
gender = models.BooleanField()
cs = models.ForeignKey(Classes)
models.py
2）编辑前端文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<a href="/add_classes.html">添加</a>
</div>
<div>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>名称</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in cls_list %}
<tr>
<td>
{{ row.id }}
</td>
<td>
{{ row.titile}}
</td>
<td>
<a href="/del_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a>
|
<a href="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
get_classes.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="add_classes.html" method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="text" name="title">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
add_classes.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="POST" action="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ obj.id }}">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="text" name="xxoo" value="{{ obj.titile }}"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
edit_classes.html
3）定义路由
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
url(r‘^classes.html‘,classes.get_classes),
url(r‘^add_classes.html‘,classes.add_classes),
url(r‘^del_classes.html‘, classes.del_classes),
url(r‘^edit_classes.html‘, classes.edit_classes),
]
urls.py
4）创建视图函数
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from app01 import models
# Create your views here.
def get_classes(request):
cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
return render(request,‘get_classes.html‘,{‘cls_list‘:cls_list})
def add_classes(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request,‘add_classes.html‘)
elif request.method == "POST":
title = request.POST.get(‘title‘)
models.Classes.objects.create(titile=title)
return redirect(‘/classes.html‘)
def del_classes(request):
nid = request.GET.get(‘nid‘)
models.Classes.objects.filter(id = nid).delete()
return redirect(‘/classes.html‘)
def edit_classes(request):
if request.method == ‘GET‘:
nid = request.GET.get(‘nid‘)
obj = models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
return render(request,‘edit_classes.html‘,{‘obj‘:obj})
elif request.method == ‘POST‘:
nid = request.GET.get(‘nid‘)
title = request.POST.get(‘xxoo‘)
models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(titile=title)
return redirect(‘/classes.html‘)
views.classes.py
5）展示效果
三、用户登录验证
Django版本的不同，可能需要在settings.py 修改 MIDDLEWARE 为 MIDDLEWARE_CLASS
1）Django的cookie验证
准备html文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/login/" method="post">
<p>姓名<input type="text" name="user"></p>
<p>密码<input type="password" name="pwd"></p>
<p><input type="submit"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{ name }}</h1>
</body>
</html>
index.html
由于是post的请求
配置文件注释这一行 # ‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘,
准备url
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from admin_orm import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
url(r‘^login/‘, views.login),
url(r‘^index/‘, views.index),
]
urls.py
视图函数cookie验证原理
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
# Create your views here.
def login(request):
print("COOKIES",request.COOKIES) # 查看cookie
if request.method == "POST":
name = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
print(name,pwd)
if name == "user" and pwd =="123":
ret = redirect("/index/")
ret.set_cookie("blili",‘acfine‘) # 第一次登陆发送给客户端cookie值
# ret.set_cookie("username",name)
return ret
return render(request,‘login.html‘)
def index(request):
if request.COOKIES.get("blili",None) == "acfine": # 第二次登录，携带cookie值
# if request.COOKIES.get("username", None) == "yuan":
name = "yuan"
return render(request, ‘index.html‘,locals())
else:
return redirect("/login/")
views.py
简单优化cookie验证，name = request.COOKIES.get("username",None)
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
# Create your views here.
def login(request):
print("COOKIES",request.COOKIES) # 查看cookie
if request.method == "POST":
name = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
print(name,pwd)
if name == "user" and pwd =="123":
ret = redirect("/index/")
ret.set_cookie("username",{""})
return ret
return render(request,‘login.html‘)
def index(request):
if request.COOKIES.get("username", None):
name = request.COOKIES.get("username",None)
return render(request, ‘index.html‘,locals())
else:
return redirect("/login/")
views.py
2）Django的cookie与session配合实现验证
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
# Create your views here.
import datetime
expires = datetime.datetime.utcnow()+datetime.timedelta(days=3)
def login(request):
print("COOKIES",request.COOKIES) # 查看cookie
print("SESSION",request.session)
if request.method == "POST":
name = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
print(name,pwd)
if name == "user" and pwd =="123":
# ret = redirect("/index/")
# ret.set_cookie("username",{"11":"22"},
# max_age=10, # max_age=10 有效时间10秒,找不到就找后面个
# expires = datetime.datetime.utcnow()+datetime.timedelta(days=3)) # 有效时间3天，
# return ret
# COOKIE SESSION，session默认在服务端保存15天
request.session["is_login"] = True
request.session["user"] = name
return redirect("/index/")
return render(request,‘login.html‘)
def index(request):
# if request.COOKIES.get("username", None):
# name = request.COOKIES.get("username",None)
# return render(request, ‘index.html‘,locals())
if request.session.get("is_login",None):
name = request.session.get(‘user‘,None)
return render(request,"index.html",locals())
else:
return redirect("/login/")
views.py
四、jquery的Ajax应用。不知觉的往后台发请求，而不刷新页面
1）前端文件写入
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.btn{
display: inline-block;
padding: 5px 15px;
background: darkgoldenrod;
color: white;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<input placeholder="用户名" type="text" id="username">
<input placeholder="密码" type="password" id="password">
<div class="btn" onclick="submitForm();">提交</div>
</div>
<div>
<input placeholder="数字" type="text" id="i1">
<input placeholder="数字" type="text" id="i2">
<div class="btn" onclick="addForm();">等于</div>
<input placeholder="数字" type="text" id="i3">
</div>
<script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<script>
function submitForm() {
var u = $(‘#username‘).val();
var p = $(‘#password‘).val();
console.log(u, p);
$.ajax({
url: ‘/ajax2.html‘,
type: ‘GET‘,
data:{username:u,password:p},
success:function (arg) {
console.log(arg);
}
})
}
function addForm(){
var v1 = $(‘#i1‘).val();
var v2 = $(‘#i2‘).val();
$.ajax({
url:‘/ajax3.html‘,
type:‘POST‘,
data:{"v1":v1,"v2":v2},
success:function(arg){
console.log(arg);
$(‘#i3‘).val(arg)
//window.location.reload(); //页面刷新
}
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
ajax1.html
2）路由写入
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
url(r‘^ajax1.html$‘, ajax.ajax1),
url(r‘^ajax2.html$‘, ajax.ajax2),
url(r‘^ajax3.html$‘, ajax.ajax3),
]
urls.py
3）视图文件写入
def ajax1(request):
return render(request,‘ajax1.html‘)
def ajax2(request):
user = request.GET.get(‘username‘)
pwd = request.GET.get(‘password‘)
import time
time.sleep(5)
return HttpResponse(‘DSB‘)
def ajax3(request):
v1 = request.POST.get(‘v1‘)
v2 = request.POST.get(‘v2‘)
try:
v3 = int(v1) + int(v2)
except Exception as e:
v3 = "输入格式有误"
return HttpResponse(v3)
view_ajax.py
五、分页功能
1）简单的模拟分页
第一步：分页准备
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for row in user_list %}
<li>{{ row.name }}-{{ row.age }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
index.html
url(r‘^index.html$‘,views.index)
USER_LIST = []
for i in range(1,999):
temp = {‘name‘:‘root‘+str(i),‘age‘:i}
USER_LIST.append(temp)
def index(request):
return render(request,‘index.html‘,{‘user_list‘:USER_LIST})
views.py
第二步：调整url，简单的显示分页功能
USER_LIST = []
for i in range(1,999):
temp = {‘name‘:‘root‘+str(i),‘age‘:i}
USER_LIST.append(temp)
def index(request):
per_page_count = 10
current_page = request.GET.get(‘p‘)
current_page= int(current_page)
start = (current_page-1) * per_page_count
end = current_page * per_page_count
data = USER_LIST[start:end]
return render(request,‘index.html‘,{‘user_list‘:data})
views.py
手动修改url的p值来修改分页显然不现实
2）分页功能实现上一页，下一页展示
修改html文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for row in user_list %}
<li>{{ row.name }}-{{ row.age }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<a href="/index.html?p={{ prev_pager }}">上一页</a>
<a href="/index.html?p={{ next_pager }}">下一页</a>
</body>
</html>
index.html
修改视图函数
USER_LIST = []
for i in range(1,999):
temp = {‘name‘:‘root‘+str(i),‘age‘:i}
USER_LIST.append(temp)
def index(request):
per_page_count = 10
current_page = request.GET.get(‘p‘)
current_page= int(current_page)
start = (current_page-1) * per_page_count
end = current_page * per_page_count
data = USER_LIST[start:end]
prev_pager = current_page -1
next_pager = current_page +1
return render(request,‘index.html‘,{
‘user_list‘:data,
‘prev_pager‘:prev_pager,
‘next_pager‘:next_pager
})
views.py
3）Django的内置分页设计
3.1）增加视图函数
def index1(request):
from django.core.paginator import Paginator, EmptyPage, PageNotAnInteger
# 全部数据：USER_LIST, ==>得出共有多少条数据
# per_page: 每页显示条目数量
# count: 数据总个数
# num_pages:总页数
# page_range：总页数的索引范围，如：（1，10），（1,200）
# page: page对象（是否具有下一页，是否有上一页）
current_page = request.GET.get(‘p‘)
paginator = Paginator(USER_LIST,10)
try:
posts = paginator.page(current_page)
# has_next 是否有下一页
# next_page_number 下一页页码
# has_previous 是否有上一页
# previous_page_number 上一页页码
# object_list 分页之后的数据列表
# number 当前页
# paginator paginator对象
except PageNotAnInteger:
posts = paginator.page(1)
except EmptyPage:
posts=paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
return render(request, ‘index1.html‘,{‘posts‘:posts})
views.index1
3.2）添加相应的html文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for row in posts.object_list %}
<li>{{ row.name }}-{{ row.age }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% if posts.has_previous %}
<a href="/index1.html?p={{ posts.previous_page_number }}">上一页</a>
{% else %}
<a href="#">上一页</a>
{% endif %}
{% if posts.has_next %}
<a href="/index1.html?p={{ posts.next_page_number }}">下一页</a>
{% endif %}
<span>
{{ posts.number }} / {{ posts.paginator.num_pages }}
</span>
</body>
</html>
index1.html
3.3）分页功能提取出来，减少代码冗余
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for row in posts.object_list %}
<li>{{ row.name }}-{{ row.age }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% include ‘include/pager.html‘ %}
</body>
</html>
index1.html
添加 include/pager.html 页面
{% if posts.has_previous %}
<a href="/index1.html?p={{ posts.previous_page_number }}">上一页</a>
{% else %}
<a href="#">上一页</a>
{% endif %}
{% if posts.has_next %}
<a href="/index1.html?p={{ posts.next_page_number }}">下一页</a>
{% endif %}
<span>
{{ posts.number }} / {{ posts.paginator.num_pages }}
</span>
pager.html
3.4）自定义类，实现自定义分页功能
修改视图
USER_LIST = []
for i in range(1,689):
temp = {‘name‘:‘root‘+str(i),‘age‘:i}
USER_LIST.append(temp)
from django.core.paginator import Paginator, EmptyPage, PageNotAnInteger
class CustomPaginator(Paginator):
def __init__(self,current_page,per_pager_num,*args,**kwargs):
self.current_page = int(current_page) # 当前页
self.per_pager_num = int(per_pager_num) # 最多显示的页面数量
super(CustomPaginator,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
def pager_num_range(self):
if self.num_pages < self.per_pager_num:
return range(1,self.num_pages+1)
# 总页数特别多 5
part = int(self.per_pager_num/2)
if self.current_page <=part:
return range(1,self.per_pager_num+1)
if (self.current_page +part) > self.num_pages:
return range(self.num_pages-self.per_pager_num+1,self.num_pages+1)
return range(self.current_page - part, self.current_page + part + 1)
def index1(request):
# 全部数据：USER_LIST, ==>得出共有多少条数据
# per_page: 每页显示条目数量
# count: 数据总个数
# num_pages:总页数
# page_range：总页数的索引范围，如：（1，10），（1,200）
# page: page对象（是否具有下一页，是否有上一页）
current_page = request.GET.get(‘p‘)
paginator = CustomPaginator(current_page,11,USER_LIST,10)
try:
posts = paginator.page(current_page)
# has_next 是否有下一页
# next_page_number 下一页页码
# has_previous 是否有上一页
# previous_page_number 上一页页码
# object_list 分页之后的数据列表
# number 当前页
# paginator paginator对象
except PageNotAnInteger:
posts = paginator.page(1)
except EmptyPage:
posts=paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
return render(request, ‘index1.html‘,{‘posts‘:posts})
views.py
修改分页前端代码
{% if posts.has_previous %}
<a href="/index1.html?p={{ posts.previous_page_number }}">上一页</a>
{% else %}
<a href="#">上一页</a>
{% endif %}
{% for i in posts.paginator.pager_num_range %}
{% if i == posts.number %}
<a style="font-size: 30px;" href="/index1.html?p={{ i }}">{{ i }}</a>
{% else %}
<a href="/index1.html?p={{ i }}">{{ i }}</a>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
{% if posts.has_next %}
<a href="/index1.html?p={{ posts.next_page_number }}">下一页</a>
{% endif %}
<span>
{{ posts.number }} / {{ posts.paginator.num_pages }}
</span>
pager.html
3.5）模块化定制分页
定制模块，在app01下写入pager.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*-coding: utf8-*-
class Pagination(object):
def __init__(self,totalCount,currentPage,perPageItemNum=10,maxPageNum=7):
# 数据总个数
self.total_count = totalCount
# 当前页
try:
v = int(currentPage)
if v <= 0:
v = 1
self.current_page = v
except Exception as e:
self.current_page = 1
# 每页显示的行数
self.per_page_item_num = perPageItemNum
# 最多显示页面
self.max_page_num = maxPageNum
def start(self):
return (self.current_page-1) * self.per_page_item_num
def end(self):
return self.current_page * self.per_page_item_num
@property
def num_pages(self):
"""
总页数
:return:
"""
# 666
# 10
a,b = divmod(self.total_count,self.per_page_item_num)
if b == 0:
return a
return a+1
def pager_num_range(self):
# self.num_pages()
# self.num_pages
# 当前页
#self.current_page
# 最多显示的页码数量 11
#self.per_pager_num
# 总页数
# self.num_pages
if self.num_pages < self.max_page_num:
return range(1,self.num_pages+1)
# 总页数特别多 5
part = int(self.max_page_num/2)
if self.current_page <= part:
return range(1,self.max_page_num+1)
if (self.current_page + part) > self.num_pages:
return range(self.num_pages-self.max_page_num+1,self.num_pages+1)
return range(self.current_page-part,self.current_page+part+1)
def page_str(self):
page_list = []
first = "<li><a href=‘/index2.html?p=1‘>首页</a></li>"
page_list.append(first)
if self.current_page == 1:
prev = "<li><a href=‘#‘>上一页</a></li>"
else:
prev = "<li><a href=‘/index2.html?p=%s‘>上一页</a></li>" %(self.current_page-1,)
page_list.append(prev)
for i in self.pager_num_range():
if i == self.current_page:
temp = "<li class=‘active‘><a href=‘/index2.html?p=%s‘>%s</a></li>" %(i,i)
else:
temp = "<li><a href=‘/index2.html?p=%s‘>%s</a></li>" % (i, i)
page_list.append(temp)
if self.current_page == self.num_pages:
nex = "<li><a href=‘#‘>下一页</a></li>"
else:
nex = "<li><a href=‘/index2.html?p=%s‘>下一页</a></li>" % (self.current_page + 1,)
page_list.append(nex)
last = "<li><a href=‘/index2.html?p=%s‘>尾页</a></li>" %(self.num_pages,)
page_list.append(last)
return ‘‘.join(page_list)
app01_pager.py
写url路由：url(r‘^index2.html$‘, views.index2),
# 模拟页面内容
USER_LIST = []
for i in range(1,689):
temp = {‘name‘:‘root‘+str(i),‘age‘:i}
USER_LIST.append(temp)
def index2(request):
from app01.pager import Pagination
current_page = request.GET.get(‘p‘)
page_obj = Pagination(666,current_page)
data_list = USER_LIST[page_obj.start():page_obj.end()]
return render(request,‘index2.html‘,{‘data‘:data_list,‘page_obj‘:page_obj})
views.index2
写入前端
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for row in data %}
<li>{{ row.name }}-{{ row.age }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% for i in page_obj.pager_num_range %}
<a href="/index2.html?p={{ i }}">{{ i }}</a>
{% endfor %}
<hr/>
index2.html
需要导入js的一个插件
展示效果
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/linu/p/9353060.html
时间： 2024-09-27 21:13:12