接下来我们介绍对称加密算法,最常用的莫过于DES数据加密算法。
DES
DES-Data Encryption Standard,即数据加密算法。是IBM公司于1975年研究成功并公开发表的。DES算法的入口参数有三个:Key、Data、Mode。其中Key为8个字节共64位,是DES算法的工作密钥;Data也为8个字节64位,是要被加密或被解密的数据;Mode为DES的工作方式,有两种:加密或解密。
DES算法把64位的明文输入块变为64位的密文输出块,它所使用的密钥也是64位。
通过java代码实现如下:
import java.security.InvalidKeyException; import java.security.Key; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.SecureRandom; import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException; import java.util.Arrays; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator; import javax.crypto.SecretKey; import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory; import javax.crypto.spec.DESKeySpec; import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex; /**对称加密算法DES&AES * @description: TODO * @author Somnus * date 2015年4月8日 下午2:10:44 */ public class DESUtil { /** * ALGORITHM 算法 <br> * 可替换为以下任意一种算法,同时key值的size相应改变。 * * <pre> * DES key size must be equal to 56 * DESede(TripleDES) key size must be equal to 112 or 168 * AES key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available * Blowfish key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive) * RC2 key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits * RC4(ARCFOUR) key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits * </pre> * * 在Key keyGenerator(byte[] key)方法中使用下述代码 * <code>SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM);</code> 替换 * <code> * DESKeySpec desKey = new DESKeySpec(key); * SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM); * SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(desKey); * </code> */ public static final String ALGORITHM = "DES"; //算法名称/加密模式/填充方式 //DES共有四种工作模式-->>ECB:电子密码本模式、CBC:加密分组链接模式、CFB:加密反馈模式、OFB:输出反馈模式 public static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "DES/ECB/NoPadding"; /** * * 生成密钥key对象 * @param KeyStr 密钥字符串 * @return 密钥对象 * @throws InvalidKeyException * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException * @throws InvalidKeySpecException * @throws Exception */ private static SecretKey keyGenerator(byte[] key) throws Exception { DESKeySpec desKey = new DESKeySpec(key); //创建一个密匙工厂,然后用它把DESKeySpec转换成 SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM); SecretKey securekey = keyFactory.generateSecret(desKey); /*当使用其他对称加密算法时,如AES、Blowfish等算法时,用下述代码替换上述三行代码 */ /*SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(keyStr.getBytes(),KEY_ALGORITHM);*/ return securekey; } /** * 加密数据 * @param data 待加密数据 * @param key 密钥 * @return 加密后的数据 */ public static String encrypt(String data, String keyStr) throws Exception { Key deskey = keyGenerator(Base64.decodeBase64(keyStr)); // 实例化Cipher对象,它用于完成实际的加密操作 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM); // 初始化Cipher对象,设置为加密模式 cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, deskey); byte[] buff = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes()); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(buff)); // 执行加密操作。加密后的结果通常都会用Base64编码进行传输 return Hex.encodeHexString(buff); } /** * 解密数据 * @param data 待解密数据 * @param key 密钥 * @return 解密后的数据 */ public static String decrypt(String data, String keyStr) throws Exception { Key deskey = keyGenerator(Base64.decodeBase64(keyStr)); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM); //初始化Cipher对象,设置为解密模式 cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, deskey); // 执行解密操作 byte[] buff = cipher.doFinal(Hex.decodeHex(data.toCharArray())); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(buff)); return new String(buff); } /** * 生成密钥 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String initKey() throws Exception { return initKey(null); } /** * 生成密钥 * @param seed * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String initKey(String seed) throws Exception { SecureRandom secureRandom = null; if (seed != null) { secureRandom = new SecureRandom(Base64.decodeBase64(seed)); } else { secureRandom = new SecureRandom(); } KeyGenerator kg = KeyGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM); kg.init(secureRandom); SecretKey secretKey = kg.generateKey(); return Base64.encodeBase64String(secretKey.getEncoded()); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String key = initKey(); System.out.println(key+"size:"+Base64.decodeBase64(key).length); String source = "Somnus"; System.out.println("原文: " + source); String encryptData = encrypt(source, key); System.out.println("加密后: " + encryptData); String decryptData = decrypt(encryptData, key); System.out.println("解密后: " + decryptData); } }
得到的输出内容如下:
5uMCAYNX9OY=size:8 原文: Somnus [40, 72, 46, 74, 49, 99, 10, 119] 加密后: 28482e4a31630a77 [83, 111, 109, 110, 117, 115] 解密后: Somnus
由控制台得到的输出,我们能够比对加密、解密后结果一致。这是一种简单的加密解密方式,只有一个密钥。
其实DES有很多同胞兄弟,如DESede(TripleDES)、AES、Blowfish、RC2、RC4(ARCFOUR)。这里就不过多阐述了,大同小异,只要换掉ALGORITHM换成对应的值,同时做一个代码替换SecretKey
secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM);就可以了,此外就是密钥长度不同了。
Java代码
- /**
- * DES key size must be equal to 56
- * DESede(TripleDES) key size must be equal to 112 or 168
- * AES key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available
- * Blowfish key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive)
- * RC2 key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
- * RC4(ARCFOUR) key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
- **/
时间: 2024-10-11 07:49:15