在第（1）节“入门”的时候，做了一个简单的案例。
在第（2）节“Struts配置文件”，对struts.xml文件中的package、action和result进行了简单介绍。
在本节中，则对struts.xml中的配置和uri之间的映射做一个介绍。
1、Action访问路径
struts2中，调用action的URL路径= 包的命名空间+"/"+action的名称
例如: 访问StudentAction的URL路径为： /test/studentAction.action
<package name="test" namespace=“/test“ extends="struts-default"> <action name="studentAction" class="cn.rupeng.StudentAction"> <result name="success" >/success.jsp</result> </action> </package>
2、Action访问路径的匹配顺序
根据uri的namespace从长到短的顺序去匹配package
举例：如url: http://ip/strutsapp/path1/path2/path3/myAction.action
1．获取请求路径uri
strutsapp/path1/path2/path3/myAction.action
2．寻找namespace为/path1/path2/path3的package，
如存在该package，则从该package中寻找名为myAction的action，如不存在继续寻找；
3．寻找namespace为/path1/path2的package，
如存在该package，则从该package中寻找名为myAction的action，如不存在继续寻找；
4．寻找namespace为/path1的package，
如存在该package，则从该package中寻找名为myAction的action；如不存在，就去默认的namaspace的package下面去找名为myAction的action（默认命名空间为“/” ）。
如果最后还找不到，则提示找不到action。
3、Action请求处理的缺省后缀
StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter是Struts 2框架核心控制器，负责拦截由<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>指定所有用户请求。
默认情况下，如用户请求路径不带后缀或者后缀以.action结尾，请求将被转入Struts 2框架处理，否则Struts 2框架将略过该请求。
配置文件:struts2-core-2.x.x.x.jar包下的org.apache.struts2/default.properties文件定义的常量决定struts.action.extension=action
### Used by the DefaultActionMapper ### You may provide a comma separated list, e.g. struts.action.extension=action,jnlp,do ### The blank extension allows you to match directory listings as well as pure action names ### without interfering with static resources, which can be specified as an empty string ### prior to a comma e.g. struts.action.extension=, or struts.action.extension=x,y,z,, struts.action.extension=action,,
修改默认处理后缀，可以在struts.xml中添加常量”struts.action.extension“进行修改的，如：
<struts>
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do,go"/>
</struts>
4、Struts2常量
4.1、配置Struts2常量的位置
常量可以在struts.xml或struts.properties中配置，推荐在struts.xml中配置：
在struts.xml文件中配置常量
<struts>
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="go"/>
</struts>
在struts.properties中配置常量 (struts.properties文件放置在src下)
struts.action.extension=do
4.2、Struts2加载常量的顺序
因常量可在多个配置文件中进行定义，Struts2加载常量的顺序:
1 struts-default.xml
2 struts-plugin.xml
3 struts.xml
4 struts.properties
5 web.xml
如在多个文件中配置同一个常量，则后一个文件中配置的常量值会覆盖前一个文件配置的常量值.
4.3、一些经常使用的常量
（1）指定默认编码集,作用于HttpServletRequest的setCharacterEncoding方法和freemarker 、velocity输出
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"/>
（2）指定需要Struts 2处理的请求后缀，默认是action，如用户需指定多个请求后缀，则多个后缀之间以英文逗号（,）隔开
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do"/>
（3）设置浏览器是否缓存静态内容,默认值为true(生产环境下使用),开发阶段最好关闭
<constant name="struts.serve.static.browserCache" value="false"/>
（4）系统是否自动重新加载修改后的struts配置文件,默认值为false(生产环境下使用),开发阶段最好打开。
<constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true"/>
（5）打印出更详细的错误信息（开发模式下使用）
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
（6）默认视图主题
<constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple" />
（7）与spring集成时，指定由spring负责action对象的创建
<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />
（8）该属性设置Struts 2是否支持动态方法调用（默认值是true）
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"/>
（9）上传文件大小限制
<constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value=“10701096"/>
4.4、default.properties
struts2-core-2.x.x.x.jar包下的org.apache.struts2/default.properties文件中定义的常量还有如下：
default.properties文件的部分内容
### This can be used to set your default locale and encoding scheme
# struts.locale=en_US
struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8
### if specified, the default object factory can be overridden here
### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "spring"
### Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory subclass name here
# struts.objectFactory = spring
### Parser to handle HTTP POST requests, encoded using the MIME-type multipart/form-data
# struts.multipart.parser=cos
# struts.multipart.parser=pell
# struts.multipart.parser=jakarta-stream
struts.multipart.parser=jakarta
# uses javax.servlet.context.tempdir by default
struts.multipart.saveDir=
struts.multipart.maxSize=2097152
### Used by the DefaultActionMapper
### You may provide a comma separated list, e.g. struts.action.extension=action,jnlp,do
### The blank extension allows you to match directory listings as well as pure action names
### without interfering with static resources, which can be specified as an empty string
### prior to a comma e.g. struts.action.extension=, or struts.action.extension=x,y,z,,
struts.action.extension=action,,
### Used by FilterDispatcher
### If true then Struts serves static content from inside its jar.
### If false then the static content must be available at <context_path>/struts
struts.serve.static=true
### Used by FilterDispatcher
### This is good for development where one wants changes to the static content be
### fetch on each request.
### NOTE: This will only have effect if struts.serve.static=true
### If true -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they will
### be cached by web browsers (using Date, Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires)
### headers).
### If false -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they are
### NOT to be cached by web browser (using Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires
### headers)
struts.serve.static.browserCache=true
### Set this to false if you wish to disable implicit dynamic method invocation
### via the URL request. This includes URLs like foo!bar.action, as well as params
### like method:bar (but not action:foo).
### An alternative to implicit dynamic method invocation is to use wildcard
### mappings, such as <action name="*/*" method="{2}" class="actions.{1}">
struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation = false
### when set to true, Struts will act much more friendly for developers. This
### includes:
### - struts.i18n.reload = true
### - struts.configuration.xml.reload = true
### - raising various debug or ignorable problems to errors
### For example: normally a request to foo.action?someUnknownField=true should
### be ignored (given that any value can come from the web and it
### should not be trusted). However, during development, it may be
### useful to know when these errors are happening and be told of
### them right away.
struts.devMode = false
### Standard UI theme
### Change this to reflect which path should be used for JSP control tag templates by default
struts.ui.theme=xhtml
struts.ui.templateDir=template
### Change this to use a different token to indicate template theme expansion
struts.ui.theme.expansion.token=~~~
#sets the default template type. Either ftl, vm, or jsp
struts.ui.templateSuffix=ftl
完整的default.properties文件
#
# $Id$
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#
### START SNIPPET: complete_file
### Struts default properties
###(can be overridden by a struts.properties file in the root of the classpath)
###
### This can be used to set your default locale and encoding scheme
# struts.locale=en_US
struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8
### if specified, the default object factory can be overridden here
### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "spring"
### Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory subclass name here
# struts.objectFactory = spring
### specifies the autoWiring logic when using the SpringObjectFactory.
### valid values are: name, type, auto, and constructor (name is the default)
struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = name
### indicates to the struts-spring integration if Class instances should be cached
### this should, until a future Spring release makes it possible, be left as true
### unless you know exactly what you are doing!
### valid values are: true, false (true is the default)
struts.objectFactory.spring.useClassCache = true
### ensures the autowire strategy is always respected.
### valid values are: true, false (false is the default)
struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire.alwaysRespect = false
### By default SpringObjectFactory doesn‘t support AOP
### This flag was added just temporally to check if nothing is broken
### See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-4110
struts.objectFactory.spring.enableAopSupport = false
### if specified, the default object type determiner can be overridden here
### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "tiger" or "notiger"
### Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ObjectTypeDeterminer implementation name here
### Note: By default, com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer is used which handles type detection
### using generics. com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.GenericsObjectTypeDeterminer was deprecated since XWork 2, it‘s
### functions are integrated in DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer now.
### To disable tiger support use the "notiger" property value here.
#struts.objectTypeDeterminer = tiger
#struts.objectTypeDeterminer = notiger
### Parser to handle HTTP POST requests, encoded using the MIME-type multipart/form-data
# struts.multipart.parser=cos
# struts.multipart.parser=pell
# struts.multipart.parser=jakarta-stream
struts.multipart.parser=jakarta
# uses javax.servlet.context.tempdir by default
struts.multipart.saveDir=
struts.multipart.maxSize=2097152
### Load custom property files (does not override struts.properties!)
# struts.custom.properties=application,org/apache/struts2/extension/custom
### How request URLs are mapped to and from actions
#struts.mapper.class=org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.DefaultActionMapper
### Used by the DefaultActionMapper
### You may provide a comma separated list, e.g. struts.action.extension=action,jnlp,do
### The blank extension allows you to match directory listings as well as pure action names
### without interfering with static resources, which can be specified as an empty string
### prior to a comma e.g. struts.action.extension=, or struts.action.extension=x,y,z,,
struts.action.extension=action,,
### Used by FilterDispatcher
### If true then Struts serves static content from inside its jar.
### If false then the static content must be available at <context_path>/struts
struts.serve.static=true
### Used by FilterDispatcher
### This is good for development where one wants changes to the static content be
### fetch on each request.
### NOTE: This will only have effect if struts.serve.static=true
### If true -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they will
### be cached by web browsers (using Date, Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires)
### headers).
### If false -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they are
### NOT to be cached by web browser (using Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires
### headers)
struts.serve.static.browserCache=true
### Set this to false if you wish to disable implicit dynamic method invocation
### via the URL request. This includes URLs like foo!bar.action, as well as params
### like method:bar (but not action:foo).
### An alternative to implicit dynamic method invocation is to use wildcard
### mappings, such as <action name="*/*" method="{2}" class="actions.{1}">
struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation = false
### Set this to true if you wish to allow slashes in your action names. If false,
### Actions names cannot have slashes, and will be accessible via any directory
### prefix. This is the traditional behavior expected of WebWork applications.
### Setting to true is useful when you want to use wildcards and store values
### in the URL, to be extracted by wildcard patterns, such as
### <action name="*/*" method="{2}" class="actions.{1}"> to match "/foo/edit" or
### "/foo/save".
struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames = false
### Disables support for action: prefix
struts.mapper.action.prefix.enabled = false
### Blocks access to actions in other namespace than current with action: prefix
struts.mapper.action.prefix.crossNamespaces = false
### use alternative syntax that requires %{} in most places
### to evaluate expressions for String attributes for tags
struts.tag.altSyntax=true
### when set to true, Struts will act much more friendly for developers. This
### includes:
### - struts.i18n.reload = true
### - struts.configuration.xml.reload = true
### - raising various debug or ignorable problems to errors
### For example: normally a request to foo.action?someUnknownField=true should
### be ignored (given that any value can come from the web and it
### should not be trusted). However, during development, it may be
### useful to know when these errors are happening and be told of
### them right away.
struts.devMode = false
### when set to true, resource bundles will be reloaded on _every_ request.
### this is good during development, but should never be used in production
### struts.i18n.reload=false
### Standard UI theme
### Change this to reflect which path should be used for JSP control tag templates by default
struts.ui.theme=xhtml
struts.ui.templateDir=template
### Change this to use a different token to indicate template theme expansion
struts.ui.theme.expansion.token=~~~
#sets the default template type. Either ftl, vm, or jsp
struts.ui.templateSuffix=ftl
### Configuration reloading
### This will cause the configuration to reload struts.xml when it is changed
### struts.configuration.xml.reload=false
### Location of velocity.properties file. defaults to velocity.properties
struts.velocity.configfile = velocity.properties
### Comma separated list of VelocityContext classnames to chain to the StrutsVelocityContext
struts.velocity.contexts =
### Location of the velocity toolbox
struts.velocity.toolboxlocation=
### used to build URLs, such as the UrlTag
struts.url.http.port = 80
struts.url.https.port = 443
### possible values are: none, get or all
struts.url.includeParams = none
### Load custom default resource bundles
# struts.custom.i18n.resources=testmessages,testmessages2
### workaround for some app servers that don‘t handle HttpServletRequest.getParameterMap()
### often used for WebLogic, Orion, and OC4J
struts.dispatcher.parametersWorkaround = false
### configure the Freemarker Manager class to be used
### Allows user to plug-in customised Freemarker Manager if necessary
### MUST extends off org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager
#struts.freemarker.manager.classname=org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager
### Enables caching of FreeMarker templates
### Has the same effect as copying the templates under WEB_APP/templates
### struts.freemarker.templatesCache=false
### Enables caching of models on the BeanWrapper
struts.freemarker.beanwrapperCache=false
### See the StrutsBeanWrapper javadocs for more information
struts.freemarker.wrapper.altMap=true
### maxStrongSize for MruCacheStorage for freemarker, when set to 0 SoftCacheStorage which performs better in heavy loaded application
### check WW-3766 for more details
struts.freemarker.mru.max.strong.size=0
### configure the XSLTResult class to use stylesheet caching.
### Set to true for developers and false for production.
struts.xslt.nocache=false
### Whether to always select the namespace to be everything before the last slash or not
struts.mapper.alwaysSelectFullNamespace=false
### Whether to allow static method access in OGNL expressions or not
struts.ognl.allowStaticMethodAccess=false
### Whether to throw a RuntimeException when a property is not found
### in an expression, or when the expression evaluation fails
struts.el.throwExceptionOnFailure=false
### Logs as Warnings properties that are not found (very verbose)
struts.ognl.logMissingProperties=false
### Caches parsed OGNL expressions, but can lead to memory leaks
### if the application generates a lot of different expressions
struts.ognl.enableExpressionCache=true
### Indicates if Dispatcher should handle unexpected exceptions by calling sendError()
### or simply rethrow it as a ServletException to allow future processing by other frameworks like Spring Security
struts.handle.exception=true
### END SNIPPET: complete_file
时间： 2024-08-09 02:20:31