[leetcode]Valid Number @ Python

原题地址:http://oj.leetcode.com/problems/valid-number/

题意:判断输入的字符串是否是合法的数。

解题思路:这题只能用确定有穷状态自动机(DFA)来写会比较优雅。本文参考了http://blog.csdn.net/kenden23/article/details/18696083里面的内容,在此致谢!

首先这个题有9种状态:

0初始无输入或者只有space的状态
1输入了数字之后的状态
2前面无数字,只输入了dot的状态
3输入了符号状态
4前面有数字和有dot的状态
5‘e‘
or ‘E‘输入后的状态
6输入e之后输入Sign的状态
7输入e后输入数字的状态
8前面有有效数输入之后,输入space的状态

共9种状态了,难设计的是6,7,8状态。

分好之后就好办了,设计出根据输入进行状态转换就OK了。

这里的输入可以分:

INVALID=0;#无效输入包括: Alphas, ‘(‘, ‘&‘ ans so on
SPACE=1
SIGN=2 # ‘+‘
or ‘-‘
DIGIT=3 # numbers
DOT=4 # ‘.‘
EXPONENT=5 # ‘e‘ or ‘E‘

转移矩阵A(9X6)如下:

-1,  0,  3,  1,  2,  -1
-1,  8, -1,  1,
 4,   5
-1, -1, -1,  4, -1, -1
-1, -1, -1,  1, 2,
 -1
-1,  8, -1,  4, -1,  5
-1, -1,  6,  7,
-1, -1
-1, -1, -1,  7, -1, -1
-1,  8, -1,  7, -1, -1
-1,
 8, -1, -1, -1, -1

行代表了9种状态,列代表了6种输入方式也就是6种跳转方式。举个例子:A[0][2]=3,这有什么含义呢?意思是:第0种状态为【0初始无输入或者只有space的状态】,在输入第2种输入【SIGN=2
# ‘+‘ or
‘-‘】后,会跳转到第3种状态【3输入了符号状态】。A[1][1]=8是什么意思呢?意思是:第1种状态为【1输入了数字之后的状态】,在输入第1种输入【SPACE=1】后,跳转到了第8种状态【8前面有有效数输入之后,输入space的状态】。

根据以上的解释,大家应该明白什么事状态间的跳转了,这个共9种状态,所以是确定有穷自动机。其实难点在于状态的分割,要把每种情况都想到。

而这9种状态中:只有1、4、7、8这四种状态合法,所以最后state跳转到这四种状态之一时,说明输入是合法的!

状态转移图 from leetcode discuss:

代码:


class Solution:
# @param s, a string
# @return a boolean
# @finite automation
def isNumber(self, s):
INVALID=0; SPACE=1; SIGN=2; DIGIT=3; DOT=4; EXPONENT=5;
#0invalid,1space,2sign,3digit,4dot,5exponent,6num_inputs
transitionTable=[[-1, 0, 3, 1, 2, -1], #0 no input or just spaces
[-1, 8, -1, 1, 4, 5], #1 input is digits
[-1, -1, -1, 4, -1, -1], #2 no digits in front just Dot
[-1, -1, -1, 1, 2, -1], #3 sign
[-1, 8, -1, 4, -1, 5], #4 digits and dot in front
[-1, -1, 6, 7, -1, -1], #5 input ‘e‘ or ‘E‘
[-1, -1, -1, 7, -1, -1], #6 after ‘e‘ input sign
[-1, 8, -1, 7, -1, -1], #7 after ‘e‘ input digits
[-1, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1]] #8 after valid input input space
state=0; i=0
while i<len(s):
inputtype = INVALID
if s[i]==‘ ‘: inputtype=SPACE
elif s[i]==‘-‘ or s[i]==‘+‘: inputtype=SIGN
elif s[i] in ‘0123456789‘: inputtype=DIGIT
elif s[i]==‘.‘: inputtype=DOT
elif s[i]==‘e‘ or s[i]==‘E‘: inputtype=EXPONENT

state=transitionTable[state][inputtype]
if state==-1: return False
else: i+=1
return state == 1 or state == 4 or state == 7 or state == 8

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时间: 2024-12-22 00:35:04

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