shell与其他语言一样也支持for、while循环
for循环的一般格式如下:
1 #!/bin/sh 2 3 for 变量 in 列表 4 do 5 command 1 6 command 2 7 command 1 8 ......... 9 command n 10 done
列表是一组值(数字、字符串等)组成的序列,每个值通过空格分隔。每循环一次,就将列表中的下一个值赋给变量。
列表也可以是一个文件:
in 列表是可选的,如果不用它,for 循环使用命令行的位置参数。
1 #!/bin/sh 2 3 for line in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 do 5 echo "line is $line" 6 done
结果:
[[email protected] 1st]# sh test.sh
line is 1
line is 2
line is 3
line is 4
line is 5
line is 6
line is 7
下面用for循环读一个文件:
查看文件内容
1 [[email protected] 1st]# cat test.txt 2 hello 3 wolrd 4 hello 5 shell 6 [[email protected] 1st]#
code:
1 #!/bin/sh 2 3 FILE=./test.txt 4 5 for line in $(<$FILE) 6 do 7 echo "line is: $line" 8 done
Results:
1 [[email protected] 1st]# sh xx.sh 2 line is: hello 3 line is: wolrd 4 line is: hello 5 line is: shell 6 [[email protected] 1st]#
while循环的一般格式如下:
1 while command 2 do 3 4 statement 5 6 done
code:
1 #!/bin/sh 2 3 i=0 4 sum=0 5 while [ $i -le 100 ] 6 do 7 sum=$(($sum + $i)) 8 i=$(($i + 1)) 9 done 10 echo "sum is $sum"
rusults:
1 [[email protected] 1st]# sh xx.sh 2 sum is 5050 3 [[email protected] 1st]#
if语句的一般格式如下:
1 if ....; then 2 .... 3 elif ....; then 4 .... 5 else 6 .... 7 fi
if 条件语句:
文件表达式:
1 [ -f "somefile" ] : 判断是否是一个文件 2 [ -x "/bin/ls" ] : 判断/bin/ls是否存在并有可执行权限 3 [ -n "$var" ] : 判断$var变量是否有值 4 [ "$a" = "$b" ] : 判断$a和$b是否相等 5 -r file 用户可读为真 6 -w file 用户可写为真 7 -x file 用户可执行为真 8 -f file 文件为正规文件为真 9 -d file 文件为目录为真 10 -c file 文件为字符特殊文件为真 11 -b file 文件为块特殊文件为真 12 -s file 文件大小非0时为真 13 -t file 当文件描述符(默认为1)指定的设备为终端时为真
字符串表达式:
[string string_operator string]
这里string_operator可为如下几种:
1 = 两个字符串相等。 2 != 两个字符串不等。 3 -z 空串。 4 -n 非空串
eg:
1 #!/bin/sh 2 3 NUMS="hello" 4 [ $NUMS = "hello" ] 5 6 echo $?
results:
1 [[email protected] 1st]# sh xx.sh 2 0
整数表达式:
1 -eq 数值相等。 2 -ne 数值不相等。 3 -gt 第一个数大于第二个数。 4 -lt 第一个数小于第二个数。 5 -le 第一个数小于等于第二个数。 6 -ge 第一个数大于等于第二个数。
Eg:
1 #!/bin/sh 2 3 NUMS=130 4 if [ $NUMS -eq "130" ]; then 5 6 echo "equal" 7 else 8 echo "not equal" 9 fi
results:
1 [[email protected] 1st]# sh xx.sh 2 equal
下满贴出一个用shell写的简单图书管理系统:
1 #!/bin/bash 2 #Name:Books Management System(BMS) 3 #Author:DREAM 4 file=books.txt 5 function information 6 { 7 echo "Books Management System(BMS)" 8 echo "---------------------------" 9 echo -e " 1: ADD Books" 10 echo -e " 2: Show Books" 11 echo -e " 3: Select Books" 12 echo -e " 4: Delete Books" 13 echo -e " 5: Exit System" 14 #echo 15 echo "---------------------------" 16 read -p "please input your choice:" num 17 echo 18 19 case "$num" in 20 1) Add 21 ;; 22 2) Show 23 ;; 24 3) Select 25 ;; 26 4) Delete 27 ;; 28 5) exit 29 ;; 30 *) information 31 ;; 32 esac 33 } 34 35 function Add 36 { 37 echo -e "please books information eg:(English 101 Jerry)" 38 echo 39 read -p "please input books name: " books_name 40 read -p "please input books number: " books_num 41 read -p "please input books author: " books_author 42 43 echo -e "$books_name\t$books_num\t$books_author" >>$file && { 44 echo "Add Books success" 45 echo "---------------------------" 46 } 47 if [ $? -ne 0 ] 48 then 49 echo "Add Books failure" 50 fi 51 52 information 53 } 54 55 function Show 56 { 57 echo -e "Bname\tBnum\tBauthor" 58 grep -Ev "^$" $file 59 echo "-----------------------" 60 echo 61 information 62 } 63 64 function Search_menu 65 { 66 echo "-----------------------" 67 echo -e " 1: Search By Bname" 68 echo -e " 2: Search By Bnum" 69 echo -e " 3: Search By Bauthor" 70 echo -e " 4: Eixt Search System" 71 echo 72 echo "-----------------------" 73 } 74 75 function Select 76 { 77 Search_menu 78 read -p "please input your choice:" ch 79 case "$ch" in 80 1) 81 read -p "please input books name: " name 82 echo -e "Bname\tBnum\tBauthor\n-------------------------" 83 awk ‘{if($1~/^‘$name‘/) print $0}‘ $file 84 echo "-------------------------" 85 if [ $? -ne 0 ] 86 then 87 echo "the file no exist" 88 fi 89 ;; 90 2) 91 read -p "please input books number: " num 92 echo -e "Bname\tBnum\tBauthor\n-------------------------" 93 awk -v s=$num ‘$2==s {print $0}‘ $file 2>/dev/null 94 echo "-------------------------" 95 if [ $? -ne 0 ] 96 then 97 echo "the file no exist" 98 fi 99 echo $? 100 ;; 101 3) 102 read -p "please input books author: " author 103 echo -e "Bname\tBnum\tBauthor\n-------------------------" 104 awk ‘{if($3~/‘$author‘/) print $0}‘ $file 105 echo "-------------------------" 106 if [ $? -ne 0 ] 107 then 108 echo "the file no exist" 109 fi 110 echo $? 111 112 ;; 113 4) exit 114 ;; 115 *) Select 116 ;; 117 esac 118 echo 119 information 120 } 121 122 function Delete 123 { 124 read -p "please input your want delete boos number:" num 125 sed -i "/$num/d" $file 126 127 if [ $? -ne 0 ] 128 then 129 echo "success failure" 130 fi 131 132 information 133 } 134 135 information
时间: 2024-11-05 11:10:14