centos6 名字服务dnsmasq配置

1 主机名配置

主机hd1配置（后面配置为名字服务器）


[[email protected] Desktop]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes

HOSTNAME=hd1.asn.cn #主机名为hd1.asn.cn （asn.cn为搜索域）

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[[email protected] Desktop]$ cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 ????hd1.asn.cn????hd1???? localhost???? localhost.localdomain #在本机中，把名字hd1.asn.cn, hd1, localhost和localhost.localdomain都映射到127.0.0.1

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客户机hd2配置：


[[email protected] Desktop]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes

HOSTNAME=hd2.asn.cn

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[[email protected] Desktop]$ cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1???? hd2.asn.cn????hd2???? localhost localhost.localdomain

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客户机hd3配置：


[[email protected] Desktop]$ hostname

hd3.asn.cn

[[email protected] Desktop]$ cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1????hd3.asn.cn????hd3????localhost localhost.localdomain

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2 名字服务配置

dnsmasq

[[email protected] Desktop]$ sudo find / -name *dnsmasq*

/var/lock/subsys/dnsmasq

/var/run/dnsmasq.pid #进程PID文件

/var/lib/dnsmasq

/etc/dnsmasq.d ##放入该目录的文件将作为配置文件自动加载

/etc/dnsmasq ##自己创建的目录，用于存放上游名字服务列表文件resolv.conf和主机名到IP的映射文件hosts

/etc/dbus-1/system.d/dnsmasq.conf

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/dnsmasq.pp

/etc/dnsmasq.conf ##dnsmasq的主配置文件

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/etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K50dnsmasq ##指向脚本文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/dmsmasq的软连接

/etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K50dnsmasq

/etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K50dnsmasq

/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/K50dnsmasq

/etc/rc.d/rc4.d/K50dnsmasq

/etc/rc.d/rc5.d/K50dnsmasq

/etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K50dnsmasq

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/etc/rc.d/init.d/dnsmasq ##dnsmasq的启停控制Shell脚本文件{start|stop|restart|reload|condrestart|status}

/usr/sbin/dnsmasq ##dnsmasq服务程序二进制文件

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[[email protected] ~]$ ll /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/K50dnsmasq

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Jul 18 21:11 /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/K50dnsmasq -> ../init.d/dnsmasq ##指向脚本文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/dmsmasq

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启动脚本文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/dnsmasq


#!/bin/sh

#

# Startup script for the DNS caching server

#

# chkconfig: - 49 50

# description: This script starts your DNS caching server 该脚本启动你的DNS缓存服务

# processname: dnsmasq

# pidfile: /var/run/dnsmasq.pid

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# Source function library.

.
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

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# Source networking configuration.

.
/etc/sysconfig/network

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# Check that networking is up.

[
${NETWORKING}
=
"no"
]
&&
exit
0

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dnsmasq=/usr/sbin/dnsmasq #定义dnsmasq变量

[
-f
$dnsmasq
]
||
exit
0

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DOMAIN_SUFFIX=`dnsdomainname`

if
[
!
-z
"${DOMAIN_SUFFIX}"
];
then

OPTIONS="-s $DOMAIN_SUFFIX" #定义OPTIONS变量

fi

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RETVAL=0 #定义RETVAL变量

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PIDFILE="/var/run/dnsmasq.pid" #定义PIDFILE变量

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# See how we were called.

case
"$1"
in #$0为程序名，$1代表第一参数

#如果输入参数是start

start)

if
[
$UID
-ne 0
]
;
then

echo
"User has insufficient privilege."

exit
4

fi

echo -n "Starting dnsmasq: "

daemon $dnsmasq
$OPTIONS

RETVAL=$?

echo

[
$RETVAL
-eq 0
]
&&
touch
/var/lock/subsys/dnsmasq

;;

#如果输入参数是stop

stop)

if
test
"x`pidfileofproc dnsmasq`"
!= x;
then

echo -n "Shutting down dnsmasq: "

killproc dnsmasq

fi

RETVAL=$?

echo

[
$RETVAL
-eq 0
]
&&
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/dnsmasq $PIDFILE

;;

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status)

status -p $PIDFILE dnsmasq

RETVAL=$?

;;

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reload)

if
test
"x`pidfileofproc dnsmasq`"
!= x;
then

echo -n "Reloading dnsmasq: "

killproc dnsmasq -HUP

fi

RETVAL=$?

echo

;;

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?

force-reload)

# new configuration takes effect only after restart

$0 stop

$0 start

RETVAL=$?

;;

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restart)

$0 stop

$0 start

RETVAL=$?

;;

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condrestart)

if
test
"x`pidfileofproc dnsmasq`"
!= x;
then

$0 stop

$0 start

RETVAL=$?

fi

;;

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?

*)

echo
"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|condrestart|status}"

exit
2

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esac #

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exit
$RETVAL

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/etc

├── dnsmasq

│?? ?? ├── hosts

│?? ?? ├── resolv.conf

├── dnsmasq.conf

├── dnsmasq.d

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配置

/etc/dnsmasq.conf


[[email protected] ~]$ cat /etc/dnsmasq.conf

# Change this line if you want dns to get its upstream servers from somewhere other that /etc/resolv.conf

# 如果你想让dns从某个地方（而不是/etc/resolv.conf）获得上游服务

resolv-file=/etc/dnsmasq/resolv.conf ##从/etc/dnsmasq/resolv.conf文件中获得上游DNS服务的IP地址

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# By default, dnsmasq will send queries to any of the upstream servers it knows about

# 默认dnsmasq会把查询请求发送到它知道的任意一个上游DNS服务器

# and tries to favour servers to are known to be up.

# Uncommenting this forces dnsmasq to try each query with each server strictly in the order they appear in /etc/resolv.conf

# 解注该行，强制dnsmasq严格以/etc/resolv.conf文件中每个服务的出现顺序尝试查询

strict-order

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# Or which to listen on by address (remember to include 127.0.0.1 if you use this.)

listen-address=192.168.145.151,127.0.0.1

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# For debugging purposes, log each DNS query as it passes through dnsmasq.

log-queries

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# If you don‘t want dnsmasq to read /etc/hosts, uncomment the following line.

no-hosts

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# or if you want it to read another file, as well as /etc/hosts, use this.

addn-hosts=/etc/dnsmasq/hosts

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/etc/dnsmasq/resolv.conf 配置上游名字服务的IP地址


[[email protected] ~]$ cat /etc/dnsmasq/resolv.conf

nameserver????192.168.145.2

nameserver????8.8.8.8

nameserver????8.8.4.4

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/etc/dnsmasq/hosts 自定义的域名（主机名，名字）到IP映射


[[email protected] ~]$ cat /etc/dnsmasq/hosts

192.168.145.151????????hd1.asn.cn????hd1

192.168.145.152????????hd2.asn.cn????hd2

192.168.145.153????????hd3.asn.cn????hd3

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查看/etc/resolv.conf

[[email protected] ~]$ cat /etc/resolv.conf

# Generated by NetworkManager

search asn.cn

nameserver 127.0.0.1 ##遇到不认识的名字，首先本地解释，然后再找上游服务器

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重启

[[email protected] ~]$ sudo service dnsmasq restart

Shutting down dnsmasq: [ OK ]

Starting dnsmasq: [ OK ]

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设置开机自启

[[email protected] ~]$ sudo chkconfig --list dnsmasq

dnsmasq ????0:off????1:off????2:off????3:off????4:off????5:off????6:off

[[email protected] ~]$ sudo chkconfig dnsmasq on

[[email protected] ~]$ sudo chkconfig --list dnsmasq

dnsmasq ????0:off????1:off????2:on????3:on????4:on????5:on????6:off

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本机测试

[[email protected] ~]$ dig archive.cloudera.com

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; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.37.rc1.el6_7.2 <<>> archive.cloudera.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 56484

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 4

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;; QUESTION SECTION:

;archive.cloudera.com.????????IN????A

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;; ANSWER SECTION:

archive.cloudera.com.????5????IN????CNAME????j.global-ssl.fastly.net.

j.global-ssl.fastly.net. 5????IN????A????199.27.79.68

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;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

fastly.net.????????5????IN????NS????ns3.p04.dynect.net.

fastly.net.????????5????IN????NS????ns4.p04.dynect.net.

fastly.net.????????5????IN????NS????ns1.p04.dynect.net.

fastly.net.????????5????IN????NS????ns2.p04.dynect.net.

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;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

ns1.p04.dynect.net.????5????IN????A????208.78.70.4

ns2.p04.dynect.net.????5????IN????A????204.13.250.4

ns3.p04.dynect.net.????5????IN????A????208.78.71.4

ns4.p04.dynect.net.????5????IN????A????204.13.251.4

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;; Query time: 337 msec

;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)

;; WHEN: Sun Aug 9 22:24:29 2015

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 238

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[[email protected] ~]$ dig archive.cloudera.com

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; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.37.rc1.el6_7.2 <<>> archive.cloudera.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 24829

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 4

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;; QUESTION SECTION:

;archive.cloudera.com.????????IN????A

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;; ANSWER SECTION:

archive.cloudera.com.????5????IN????CNAME????j.global-ssl.fastly.net.

j.global-ssl.fastly.net. 5????IN????A????199.27.79.68

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;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

fastly.net.????????5????IN????NS????ns4.p04.dynect.net.

fastly.net.????????5????IN????NS????ns1.p04.dynect.net.

fastly.net.????????5????IN????NS????ns2.p04.dynect.net.

fastly.net.????????5????IN????NS????ns3.p04.dynect.net.

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;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

ns1.p04.dynect.net.????5????IN????A????208.78.70.4

ns2.p04.dynect.net.????5????IN????A????204.13.250.4

ns3.p04.dynect.net.????5????IN????A????208.78.71.4

ns4.p04.dynect.net.????5????IN????A????204.13.251.4

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;; Query time: 5 msec

;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ##从本地获得解释

;; WHEN: Sun Aug 9 22:24:38 2015

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 238

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客户机hd2配置、使用

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[[email protected] Desktop]$ dig archive.cloudera.com

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; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.37.rc1.el6_7.2 <<>> archive.cloudera.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 43528

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 4

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;; QUESTION SECTION:

;archive.cloudera.com.????????IN????A

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;; ANSWER SECTION:

archive.cloudera.com.????5????IN????CNAME????j.global-ssl.fastly.net.

j.global-ssl.fastly.net. 5????IN????A????23.235.47.68

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;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

fastly.net.????????5????IN????NS????ns4.p04.dynect.net.

fastly.net.????????5????IN????NS????ns3.p04.dynect.net.

fastly.net.????????5????IN????NS????ns2.p04.dynect.net.

fastly.net.????????5????IN????NS????ns1.p04.dynect.net.

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;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

ns1.p04.dynect.net.????5????IN????A????208.78.70.4

ns2.p04.dynect.net.????5????IN????A????204.13.250.4

ns3.p04.dynect.net.????5????IN????A????208.78.71.4

ns4.p04.dynect.net.????5????IN????A????204.13.251.4

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;; Query time: 192 msec

;; SERVER: 192.168.145.151#53(192.168.145.151) ##从配置的主机hd1获得解释

;; WHEN: Sun Aug 9 22:30:14 2015

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 238

时间： 2024-08-09 00:29:47

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