1.布局
① 使用 <div> 元素的 HTML 布局，<div> 元素常用作布局工具，因为能够轻松地通过 CSS 对其进行定位。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
#header {
background-color:black;
color:white;
text-align:center;
padding:5px;
}
把div理解成一个盒子，设置了盒子的高和宽，后面的盒子就自动跑到前面盒子没占的地方
#nav {
line-height:30px;
background-color:#eeeeee;
height:300px;
width:100px;
float:left;
padding:5px;
}
#section {
width:350px;
float:left;
padding:10px;
}
#footer {
background-color:black;
color:white;
clear:both; 清除前面float(浮动)的影响
text-align:center;
padding:5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header">
<h1>City Gallery</h1>
</div>
<div id="nav">
London<br>
Paris<br>
Tokyo<br>
</div>
<div id="section">
<h2>London</h2>
<p>
London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
</p>
<p>
Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia,
its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.
</p>
</div>
<div id="footer">
Copyright ? W3Schools.com
</div>
</body>
</html>
② 使用 HTML5 的网站布局
HTML5 提供的新语义元素定义了网页的不同部分：
HTML5 语义元素：
| header | 定义文档或节的页眉 |
| nav | 定义导航链接的容器 |
| section | 定义文档中的节 |
| article | 定义独立的自包含文章 |
| aside | 定义内容之外的内容（比如侧栏） |
| footer | 定义文档或节的页脚 |
| details | 定义额外的细节 |
| summary | 定义 details 元素的标题 |
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
header {
background-color:black;
color:white;
text-align:center;
padding:5px;
}
nav {
line-height:30px;
background-color:#eeeeee;
height:300px;
width:100px;
float:left;
padding:5px;
}
section {
width:350px;
float:left;
padding:10px;
}
footer {
background-color:black;
color:white;
clear:both;
text-align:center;
padding:5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>City Gallery</h1>
</header>
<nav>
London<br>
Paris<br>
Tokyo<br>
</nav>
<section>
<h1>London</h1>
<p>
London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
</p>
<p>
Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia,
its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.
</p>
</section>
<footer>
Copyright W3Schools.com
</footer>
</body>
</html>
③ 使用表格的 HTML 布局 。<table> 元素不是作为布局工具而设计的，<table> 元素的作用是显示表格化的数据，使用 <table> 元素能够取得布局效果，因为能够通过 CSS 设置表格元素的样式
复习表格：下面代码所定义的是一个一行一列的表格，<th>是这一行的表头，<td>是这一行的内容，<tr>定义了这一行。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
table.lamp {
width:100%;
border:1px solid #d4d4d4;
}
table.lamp th, td {
padding:10px;
}
table.lamp th {
width:40px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table class="lamp">
<tr>
<th>
<img src="/images/lamp1.jpg" alt="Note" style="height:32px;width:32px">
</th>
<td>
The table element was not designed to be a layout tool.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
2.HTML 响应式 Web 设计
- RWD 指的是响应式 Web 设计（Responsive Web Design）
- RWD 能够以可变尺寸传递网页
- RWD 对于平板和移动设备是必需的
① 创建响应式设计的一个方法，是自己来创建它：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<style>
.city {
float: left;
margin: 5px;
padding: 15px;
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
border: 1px solid black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>W3School Demo</h1>
<h2>Resize this responsive page!</h2>
<br>
<div class="city">
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England.</p>
<p>It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</div>
<div class="city">
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p>
</div>
<div class="city">
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
② 使用 Bootstrap，另一个创建响应式设计的方法，是使用现成的 CSS 框架。Bootstrap 是最流行的开发响应式 web 的 HTML, CSS, 和 JS 框架。Bootstrap 帮助您开发在任何尺寸都外观出众的站点：显示器、笔记本电脑、平板电脑或手机：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="jumbotron">
<h1>W3School Demo</h1>
<p>Resize this responsive page!</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England.</p>
<p>It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
★ 后续继续学习bootstrap。
时间： 2024-08-29 06:20:38