思科、华为、华三交换机的线缆检测功能

通俗地说线缆检测可以检测交换机接口到终端之间的网线情况。不管是思科还是华为、华三，在线缆检测时都使用了时域反射time domain reflectometer (TDR)技术。
通过时域反射TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry)检测电缆状态的原理如下：
交换机发送一个脉冲信号，脉冲信号在电缆中传输，如果遇到电缆末端或其它故障点，部分能量会被反射回来，这种现象称为时域反射。线缆检测技术就是测量脉冲在电缆中传输、达到故障点及返回的时间，把测量到的时间转换成距离。
华为和华三称之为虚电缆检测VCT（Virtual Cable Test）技术。

一、下面先以思科为例说一下：

测试环境一：思科3560-CG，一台8口千兆POE交换机

1、交叉线测试：

SDYC-UCDEMO_SW1#test cable-diagnostics tdr interface g0/8
TDR test started on interface Gi0/8
A TDR test can take a few seconds to run on an interface
Use ‘show cable-diagnostics tdr‘ to read the TDR results.
SDYC-UCDEMO_SW1#show cable-diagnostics tdr interface g0/8
TDR test last run on: March 30 02:30:30

Interface Speed Local pair Pair length Remote pair Pair status
Gi0/8 1000M Pair A 0 +/- 10 meters Pair B Normal
Pair B 0 +/- 10 meters Pair A Normal
Pair C 0 +/- 10 meters Pair C Normal
Pair D 0 +/- 10 meters Pair D Normal

2、直通线测试：

SDYC-UCDEMO_SW1#test cable-diagnostics tdr interface g0/8
TDR test started on interface Gi0/8
A TDR test can take a few seconds to run on an interface
Use ‘show cable-diagnostics tdr‘ to read the TDR results.

SDYC-UCDEMO_SW1#show cable-diagnostics tdr interface g0/8
TDR test last run on: March 30 02:32:09

Interface Speed Local pair Pair length Remote pair Pair status
Gi0/8 1000M Pair A 0 +/- 10 meters Pair B Normal
Pair B 0 +/- 10 meters Pair A Normal
Pair C 0 +/- 10 meters Pair D Normal
Pair D 0 +/- 10 meters Pair C Normal

3、错误线序测试：

SDYC-UCDEMO_SW1#test cable-diagnostics tdr interface g0/8
Link state may be affected during TDR test
TDR test started on interface Gi0/8
A TDR test can take a few seconds to run on an interface
Use ‘show cable-diagnostics tdr‘ to read the TDR results.

SDYC-UCDEMO_SW1#show cable-diagnostics tdr interface g0/8
TDR test last run on: March 30 02:34:36

Interface Speed Local pair Pair length Remote pair Pair status
Gi0/8 100M Pair A N/A Pair B Normal
Pair B N/A Pair A Normal
Pair C N/A Pair D Normal
Pair D N/A Pair C Normal
这条线的线序虽然是错的，但是是通的，所以后面显示的状态都是normal

4、线序超有问题的测试：

SDYC-UCDEMO_SW1#show cable-diagnostics tdr interface g0/8
TDR test last run on: March 30 03:06:38

Interface Speed Local pair Pair length Remote pair Pair status
Gi0/8 auto Pair A N/A N/A Normal
Pair B 0 +/- 10 meters N/A Short/Crosstalk
Pair C 0 +/- 10 meters N/A Open
Pair D N/A N/A Normal
这条线缆是线序超有问题的，接上去根本不通的，这时可以看到Pair Status上面显示的内容。

测试环境：一台2960XR交换机

1、直通线测试：

Switch#show cable-diagnostics tdr int g1/0/24
TDR test last run on: November 12 21:56:11

Interface Speed Local pair Pair length Remote pair Pair status
Gi1/0/24 1000M Pair A 22 +/- 10 meters Pair A Normal
Pair B 22 +/- 10 meters Pair B Normal
Pair C 22 +/- 10 meters Pair C Normal
Pair D 22 +/- 10 meters Pair D Normal
同一条网线，这个显示结果与3560-CG上有些不同。不过Pair的状态都是正常的。

2、交叉线测试：

Switch#test cable-dia tdr int g1/0/1
TDR test started on interface Gi1/0/1
A TDR test can take a few seconds to run on an interface
Use ‘show cable-diagnostics tdr‘ to read the TDR results.
Switch#show cable-diag tdr int g1/0/1
TDR test last run on: November 12 21:58:42

Interface Speed Local pair Pair length Remote pair Pair status
Gi1/0/1 1000M Pair A 21 +/- 10 meters Pair B Normal
Pair B 21 +/- 10 meters Pair A Normal
Pair C 21 +/- 10 meters Pair C Normal
Pair D 21 +/- 10 meters Pair D Normal

3、线序超有问题的线缆测试：

Switch#test cable-diagnostics tdr int g1/0/5
TDR test started on interface Gi1/0/5
A TDR test can take a few seconds to run on an interface
Use ‘show cable-diagnostics tdr‘ to read the TDR results.
Switch#show cable-diagnostics tdr int g1/0/5
TDR test last run on: November 12 22:03:52

Interface Speed Local pair Pair length Remote pair Pair status
Gi1/0/5 auto Pair A N/A N/A Normal
Pair B N/A N/A Normal
Pair C 1 +/- 10 meters N/A Open
Pair D 0 +/- 10 meters N/A Open

虽然这个也与3560-CG上显示的不同，不过都可以看出来这条线缆是有问题的。