大型网站的HTTPS实践（一）---HTTPS协议和原理

1前言

百度已经于近日上线了全站HTTPS的安全搜索，默认会将HTTP请求跳转成HTTPS。本文重点介绍HTTPS协议,并简单介绍部署全站HTTPS的意义。

本文最早发表于百度运维部官方博客

2 HTTPS协议概述

HTTPS可以认为是HTTP + TLS。HTTP协议大家耳熟能详了，目前大部分WEB应用和网站都是使用HTTP协议传输的。

TLS是传输层加密协议，它的前身是SSL协议，最早由netscape公司于1995年发布，1999年经过IETF讨论和规范后，改名为TLS。如果没有特别说明，SSL和TLS说的都是同一个协议。

HTTP和TLS在协议层的位置以及TLS协议的组成如下图：

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