简介
官网:http://jakewharton.github.io/butterknife/ github:https://github.com/JakeWharton/butterknife 依赖:【compile ‘com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.0.1‘ 】 注意:7.0版本与8.0版本方法名有所改动,整体业务逻辑和原理没什么变动
在android编程过程中,我们会写大量的布局和点击事件,像初始view、设置view监听这样简单而重复的操作让人觉得麻烦类,所以可以采用注解的方式去实现,而ButterKnife则是注解中相对简单易懂的很不错的开源框架,而网上的文档和例子都过时了,7.0之后的版本改动很大,之前的注解都不能用了,所以借鉴官方文档总结了一下,接下来就介绍一下如何使用。基本参照官方文档,加上自己的心得。 ButterKnife 优势:
- 1.强大的View绑定和Click事件处理功能,简化代码,提升开发效率
- 2.方便的处理Adapter里的ViewHolder绑定问题
- 3.运行时不会影响APP效率,使用配置方便
- 4.代码清晰,可读性强
- 1.Activity中ButterKnife.bind(this);必须在setContentView();之后,且父类bind绑定后,子类不需要再bind
- 2.Fragment中ButterKnife.bind(this, mRootView);
- 3.属性布局不能用private or static 修饰,否则会报错
- 4.setContentView()不能通过注解实现。
Zelezny插件的使用 在AndroidStudio->File->Settings->Plugins->搜索【Zelezny】下载添加就行,可以快速生成对应组件的实例对象,不用手动写。 使用时,在要导入注解的Activity 或 Fragment 或 ViewHolder的layout资源代码上,右键——>Generate——Generate ButterKnife Injections,然后就出现如下图的选择框。
常用功能
1、绑定Activity或Fragment,父类中绑定后子类不需要再绑定 public class SimpleFragment extends Fragment { @BindView(R.id.fragment_text_view) TextView mTextView; private Unbinder unbinder; public SimpleFragment() { } @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_simple, container, false); unbinder = ButterKnife.bind(this, view);//绑定Activity为ButterKnife.bind(this); mTextView.setText("TextView in Fragment are found!"); return view; } @Override public void onDestroyView() { unbinder.unbind();//解除绑定,官方文档只对fragment做了解绑 super.onDestroyView(); } }
2、绑定资源 @BindView(R.id.app_name) TextView mAppNameTextView;//view @BindString(R.string.app_name) String appName;//sting @BindColor(R.color.red) int textColor;//颜色 @BindDrawable(R.mipmap.ic_launcher) Drawable drawable;//drawble @BindDrawable(R.drawable.selector_image) Drawable selector;
3、点击事件的绑定
- a.直接绑定一个方法
- b.所有监听方法的参数是可选的
- c.定义一个特定类型,它将自动被转换
- d.多个view统一处理同一个点击事件,很方便,避免抽方法重复调用的麻烦
- e.自定义view可以绑定自己的监听,不指定id
- f.给EditText加addTextChangedListener(即添加多回调方法的监听的使用方法),利用指定回调,实现想回调的方法即可,哪个注解不会用点进去看下源码上的注释就会用了
4、Adapter的ViewHolder 绑定 static class ViewHolder { @Bind(R.id.hello_world) TextView textview; public ViewHolder(View view) { ButterKnife.bind(this, view); } }
5、对一组View进行统一操作
- a.装入一个list
- b.设置统一处理
- c.统一操作处理,例如设置是否可点,属性等
6、可选绑定:默认情况下,“绑定”和“监听”绑定都是必需的。如果不能找到目标视图,则将抛出异常。所以做空处理 @Nullable @Bind(R.id.might_not_be_there) TextView mightNotBeThere; @Nullable @OnClick(R.id.maybe_missing) void onMaybeMissingClicked() { }
7、代码混淆 -keep class butterknife.** { *; } -dontwarn butterknife.internal.** -keep class **$$ViewBinder { *; } -keepclasseswithmembernames class * { @butterknife.* <fields>; } -keepclasseswithmembernames class * { @butterknife.* <methods>; }
Activity
public class SimpleActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @BindView(R.id.simple_activity_text_view) TextView mTextView; //this field should not be declared private or static @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_simple); ButterKnife.bind(this);// ButterKnife.inject(this) should be called after setContentView() mTextView.setText("View视图的绑定"); } @OnClick(R.id.simple_activity_button) void onButtonClick(View view) { //the method should not be declared private or static //you can write the parameter (View view) as above or just write onButtonClick() leave parameters empty, both are ok Toast.makeText(this, "事件绑定", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //bind event to CheckBox @OnCheckedChanged(R.id.simple_activity_checkbox) void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton button, boolean checked) { Toast.makeText(this, "CheckBox状态改变了:" + checked, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }
Fragment
public class SimpleFragmentActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_simple_fragment); } }
<fragment xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/fragment" android:name="com.example.mengdd.butterknifesample.SimpleFragment" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" />
public class SimpleFragment extends Fragment { @BindView(R.id.fragment_text_view) TextView mTextView; private Unbinder unbinder; public SimpleFragment() { } @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_simple, container, false); unbinder = ButterKnife.bind(this, view); mTextView.setText("TextView in Fragment are found!"); return view; } @Override public void onDestroyView() { unbinder.unbind(); super.onDestroyView(); } }
ListView
public class ListViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @BindView(R.id.my_list_view) ListView mListView; private PersonAdapter adapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_list_view); ButterKnife.bind(this); adapter = new PersonAdapter(this, MockDataUtils.getPersons()); mListView.setAdapter(adapter); } @OnItemClick(R.id.my_list_view) void onItemClick(int position) {//though there are 4 parameters, you can just write the one you want to use Toast.makeText(this, "点击事件: " + adapter.getItem(position).getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @OnItemLongClick(R.id.my_list_view) boolean onItmeLongClick(int position) { Toast.makeText(this, "长点击事件:" + adapter.getItem(position).getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); if (position % 2 == 0) return true; else return false; //if return false, the onItemClick() will be invoked反射调用 when touch up } }
Adapter
public class PersonAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private LayoutInflater mInflater; private List<Person> data; public PersonAdapter(Context context, List<Person> data) { this.mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); this.data = data; } @Override public int getCount() { int count = 0; if (null != data) count = data.size(); return count; } @Override public Person getItem(int position) { Person person = null; if (null != data) person = data.get(position); return person; } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ViewHolder holder; if (convertView == null) { convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.person_item_layout, null); holder = new ViewHolder(convertView); convertView.setTag(holder); } else holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag(); Person person = getItem(position); if (null != person) { holder.name.setText(person.getName()); holder.age.setText(String.valueOf(person.getAge())); holder.location.setText(person.getLocation()); holder.work.setText(person.getWork()); } return convertView; }
static class ViewHolder { @BindView(R.id.person_name) TextView name; @BindView(R.id.person_age) TextView age; @BindView(R.id.person_location) TextView location; @BindView(R.id.person_work) TextView work; public ViewHolder(View view) { ButterKnife.bind(this, view); } } }
Spinner
public class SpinnerActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @BindView(R.id.my_spinner) Spinner mSpinner; private ArrayAdapter<CharSequence> adapter; private List<CharSequence> items; private String[] strings; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_spinner); ButterKnife.bind(this); strings = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.planets_array); items = new ArrayList<CharSequence>(Arrays.asList(strings)); adapter = new ArrayAdapter<CharSequence>(this, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, items); adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item); mSpinner.setAdapter(adapter); } @OnClick(R.id.clear_spinner_data) void clearSpinnerData() { adapter.clear(); } @OnClick(R.id.set_spinner_data) void setSpinnerData() { items = new ArrayList<CharSequence>(Arrays.asList(strings)); adapter.addAll(items); } @OnItemSelected(R.id.my_spinner) void onItemSelected(int position) {//默认回调OnItemSelected.Callback.ITEM_SELECTED Toast.makeText(this, "position: " + position, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @OnItemSelected(value = R.id.my_spinner, callback = OnItemSelected.Callback.NOTHING_SELECTED) void onNothingSelected() { Toast.makeText(this, "神马都没有", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }
View集合
public class ViewListActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @BindViews({R.id.label_first_name, R.id.label_middle_name, R.id.label_last_name}) List<TextView> labelViews; @BindViews({R.id.first_name, R.id.middle_name, R.id.last_name}) List<EditText> nameViews; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_view_list); ButterKnife.bind(this); } @OnClick(R.id.button_disable) void disableEditViews() { ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, DISABLE); } @OnClick(R.id.button_enable) void enableEditViews() { ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, ENABLED, true); } @OnClick(R.id.button_alpha_0) void labelAlphaTo0() { //Property ButterKnife.apply(labelViews, View.ALPHA, 0f); } @OnClick(R.id.button_alpha_1) void labelAlphaTo1() { ButterKnife.apply(labelViews, View.ALPHA, 1f); }
//Action static final ButterKnife.Action<View> DISABLE = new ButterKnife.Action<View>() { @Override public void apply(View view, int index) { view.setEnabled(false); } }; //Setter static final ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean> ENABLED = new ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean>() { @Override public void set(View view, Boolean value, int index) { view.setEnabled(value); } };
//you can bind listener to multiple views @OnClick({R.id.button_enable, R.id.button_disable, R.id.button_alpha_0, R.id.button_alpha_1}) void editViewsClicked() { Toast.makeText(this, "You click the Button!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }
时间: 2024-10-12 21:44:34