实现国际化有三种做法：
- 创建资源文件。
- 每种语言设置一套单独的View。
- 1 + 2。
通常而言，第一种方法的可维护性是最高的。因为随着项目的规模的扩大，为每种语言设置一套单独的View，前期的工作量和后期的维护成本都会太高。
但是如果只采用资源文件的做法，在某些场合下，View的显示会出现问题，诸如一些文字次序是从右到左显示的语言，很显然仅仅更换文字内容也是不合适的。
所以，最终采取何种方式还是要看具体的项目情况而定。接下去的内容只针对第一种做法。
概括起来，有如下步骤：
- 创建资源文件
- Controller中添加国际化的支持
- 配置View
============ Action Now! ============
1. 创建资源文件
1) 不要将资源文件添加到现有的项目中，而是新建一个Class Library的项目，
这样可以在日后复用此资源文件到其它项目中。
2)
创建资源文件。资源文件名可以自由定义，在这里我创建一个名为Resources.resx的资源文件，做为默认的资源文件，通常用于英文。然后再定义一个Resources.zh-CN.resx的资源文件，用于中文。在这里我们可以看出资源文件定义的规律，即Resources.[编码名].resx。创建结果如下：
2. Controller中添加国际化的支持
1) 创建BaseController文件，做为所有Controller的父类。
1 public class BaseController : Controller
2
3 {
4
5 protected override IAsyncResult BeginExecuteCore(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
6
7 {
8
9 string cultureName = null;
10
11
12
13 // Attempt to read the culture cookie from Request
14
15 HttpCookie cultureCookie = Request.Cookies["_culture"];
16
17 if (cultureCookie != null)
18
19 cultureName = cultureCookie.Value;
20
21 else
22
23 cultureName = Request.UserLanguages != null && Request.UserLanguages.Length > 0 ?
24
25 Request.UserLanguages[0] : // obtain it from HTTP header AcceptLanguages
26
27 null;
28
29 // Validate culture name
30
31 cultureName = CultureHelper.GetImplementedCulture(cultureName); // This is safe
32
33
34
35 // Modify current thread‘s cultures
36
37 Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo(cultureName);
38
39 Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
40
41
42
43 return base.BeginExecuteCore(callback, state);
44
45 }
46
47 }
2) 将每个Controller的父类改为BaseController。
3) 可选。实现设置语言Cookie的方法，这样用户就可以通过自定义语言，而不是只能依赖浏览器的默认语言。
1 public ActionResult SetCulture(string culture)
2
3 {
4
5 // Validate input
6
7 culture = CultureHelper.GetImplementedCulture(culture);
8
9 // Save culture in a cookie
10
11 HttpCookie cookie = Request.Cookies["_culture"];
12
13 if (cookie != null)
14
15 cookie.Value = culture; // update cookie value
16
17 else
18
19 {
20
21 cookie = new HttpCookie("_culture");
22
23 cookie.Value = culture;
24
25 cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddYears(1);
26
27 }
28
29 Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
30
31 return RedirectToAction("Index");
32
33 }
4) 创建CultureHelper.cs。
1 public static class CultureHelper
2
3 {
4
5 // Valid cultures
6
7 private static readonly List<string> _validCultures = new List<string> { "af", "af-ZA", "sq", "sq-AL", "gsw-FR", "am-ET", "ar", "ar-DZ", "ar-BH", "ar-EG", "ar-IQ", "ar-JO", "ar-KW", "ar-LB", "ar-LY", "ar-MA", "ar-OM", "ar-QA", "ar-SA", "ar-SY", "ar-TN", "ar-AE", "ar-YE", "hy", "hy-AM", "as-IN", "az", "az-Cyrl-AZ", "az-Latn-AZ", "ba-RU", "eu", "eu-ES", "be", "be-BY", "bn-BD", "bn-IN", "bs-Cyrl-BA", "bs-Latn-BA", "br-FR", "bg", "bg-BG", "ca", "ca-ES", "zh-HK", "zh-MO", "zh-CN", "zh-Hans", "zh-SG", "zh-TW", "zh-Hant", "co-FR", "hr", "hr-HR", "hr-BA", "cs", "cs-CZ", "da", "da-DK", "prs-AF", "div", "div-MV", "nl", "nl-BE", "nl-NL", "en", "en-AU", "en-BZ", "en-CA", "en-029", "en-IN", "en-IE", "en-JM", "en-MY", "en-NZ", "en-PH", "en-SG", "en-ZA", "en-TT", "en-GB", "en-US", "en-ZW", "et", "et-EE", "fo", "fo-FO", "fil-PH", "fi", "fi-FI", "fr", "fr-BE", "fr-CA", "fr-FR", "fr-LU", "fr-MC", "fr-CH", "fy-NL", "gl", "gl-ES", "ka", "ka-GE", "de", "de-AT", "de-DE", "de-LI", "de-LU", "de-CH", "el", "el-GR", "kl-GL", "gu", "gu-IN", "ha-Latn-NG", "he", "he-IL", "hi", "hi-IN", "hu", "hu-HU", "is", "is-IS", "ig-NG", "id", "id-ID", "iu-Latn-CA", "iu-Cans-CA", "ga-IE", "xh-ZA", "zu-ZA", "it", "it-IT", "it-CH", "ja", "ja-JP", "kn", "kn-IN", "kk", "kk-KZ", "km-KH", "qut-GT", "rw-RW", "sw", "sw-KE", "kok", "kok-IN", "ko", "ko-KR", "ky", "ky-KG", "lo-LA", "lv", "lv-LV", "lt", "lt-LT", "wee-DE", "lb-LU", "mk", "mk-MK", "ms", "ms-BN", "ms-MY", "ml-IN", "mt-MT", "mi-NZ", "arn-CL", "mr", "mr-IN", "moh-CA", "mn", "mn-MN", "mn-Mong-CN", "ne-NP", "no", "nb-NO", "nn-NO", "oc-FR", "or-IN", "ps-AF", "fa", "fa-IR", "pl", "pl-PL", "pt", "pt-BR", "pt-PT", "pa", "pa-IN", "quz-BO", "quz-EC", "quz-PE", "ro", "ro-RO", "rm-CH", "ru", "ru-RU", "smn-FI", "smj-NO", "smj-SE", "se-FI", "se-NO", "se-SE", "sms-FI", "sma-NO", "sma-SE", "sa", "sa-IN", "sr", "sr-Cyrl-BA", "sr-Cyrl-SP", "sr-Latn-BA", "sr-Latn-SP", "nso-ZA", "tn-ZA", "si-LK", "sk", "sk-SK", "sl", "sl-SI", "es", "es-AR", "es-BO", "es-CL", "es-CO", "es-CR", "es-DO", "es-EC", "es-SV", "es-GT", "es-HN", "es-MX", "es-NI", "es-PA", "es-PY", "es-PE", "es-PR", "es-ES", "es-US", "es-UY", "es-VE", "sv", "sv-FI", "sv-SE", "syr", "syr-SY", "tg-Cyrl-TJ", "tzm-Latn-DZ", "ta", "ta-IN", "tt", "tt-RU", "te", "te-IN", "th", "th-TH", "bo-CN", "tr", "tr-TR", "tk-TM", "ug-CN", "uk", "uk-UA", "wen-DE", "ur", "ur-PK", "uz", "uz-Cyrl-UZ", "uz-Latn-UZ", "vi", "vi-VN", "cy-GB", "wo-SN", "sah-RU", "ii-CN", "yo-NG" };
8
9 // Include ONLY cultures you are implementing
10
11 private static readonly List<string> _cultures = new List<string> {
12
13 "zh-CN",
14
15 "en-US",
16
17 };
18
19 /// <summary>
20
21 /// Returns true if the language is a right-to-left language. Otherwise, false.
22
23 /// </summary>
24
25 public static bool IsRighToLeft()
26
27 {
28
29 return System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo.IsRightToLeft;
30
31
32
33 }
34
35 /// <summary>
36
37 /// Returns a valid culture name based on "name" parameter. If "name" is not valid, it returns the default culture "en-US"
38
39 /// </summary>
40
41 /// <param name="name" />Culture‘s name (e.g. en-US)</param>
42
43 public static string GetImplementedCulture(string name)
44
45 {
46
47 // make sure it‘s not null
48
49 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
50
51 return GetDefaultCulture(); // return Default culture
52
53 // make sure it is a valid culture first
54
55 if (_validCultures.Where(c => c.Equals(name, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)).Count() == 0)
56
57 return GetDefaultCulture(); // return Default culture if it is invalid
58
59 // if it is implemented, accept it
60
61 if (_cultures.Where(c => c.Equals(name, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)).Count() > 0)
62
63 return name; // accept it
64
65 // Find a close match. For example, if you have "en-US" defined and the user requests "en-GB",
66
67 // the function will return closes match that is "en-US" because at least the language is the same (ie English)
68
69 var n = GetNeutralCulture(name);
70
71 foreach (var c in _cultures)
72
73 if (c.StartsWith(n))
74
75 return c;
76
77 // else
78
79 // It is not implemented
80
81 return GetDefaultCulture(); // return Default culture as no match found
82
83 }
84
85 /// <summary>
86
87 /// Returns default culture name which is the first name decalared (e.g. en-US)
88
89 /// </summary>
90
91 /// <returns></returns>
92
93 public static string GetDefaultCulture()
94
95 {
96
97 return _cultures[0]; // return Default culture
98
99 }
100
101 public static string GetCurrentCulture()
102
103 {
104
105 return Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name;
106
107 }
108
109 public static string GetCurrentNeutralCulture()
110
111 {
112
113 return GetNeutralCulture(Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name);
114
115 }
116
117 public static string GetNeutralCulture(string name)
118
119 {
120
121 if (name.Length < 2)
122
123 return name;
124
125 return name.Substring(0, 2); // Read first two chars only. E.g. "en", "es"
126
127 }
128
129 }
注意_cultures数组里的是当前系统支持的语言。
3. 配置View
1) 在MVC项目中添加对Resources项目的引用。
2)
修改View目录下的web.config文件，在pages下添加namespace=Resources。这样在View中就能够直接引用Resources。
1 <pages pageBaseType="System.Web.Mvc.WebViewPage">
2
3 <namespaces>
4
5 <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" />
6
7 <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" />
8
9 <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" />
10
11 <add namespace="System.Web.Optimization"/>
12
13 <add namespace="System.Web.Routing" />
14
15 <add namespace="Resources" />
16
17 </namespaces>
18
19 </pages>
3) 在View中需要的地方写@Resources.[key]。例如：
1 <div class="jumbotron">
2
3 <h1>@Resources.ApplicationName</h1>
4
5 <p><a href="http://asp.net" class="btn btn-primary btn-large">@Resources.Expose</a></p>
6
7 </div>
完工。本文忽略了设置语言的前端实现，和后台的资源文件内容的提取。如果有想要知道的朋友，可以提出来，我会另外再写一篇做介绍。
时间： 2024-10-04 00:08:15