saltstack1 / 憋错料

saltstack三种运行模式：

　　local本地、master/minion（类似于agent）、salt ssh

saltstack三大功能：

　　远程执行、配置管理、云管理

saltstack安装：1、使用官方进行yum安装 2、自建yum源进行安装

node1：

wget https://repo.saltstack.com/yum/redhat/salt-repo-2017.7-1.el6.noarch.rpm
yum install salt-repo-2017.7-1.el6.noarch.rpm
yum clean expire-cache
yum install salt-master salt-minion

修改minion配置：/etc/salt/minion

master：指向master节点ip

node2：

wget https://repo.saltstack.com/yum/redhat/salt-repo-2017.7-1.el6.noarch.rpm
yum install salt-repo-2017.7-1.el6.noarch.rpm
yum clean expire-cache
yum install salt-minion

修改minion配置：/etc/salt/minion

master：指向master节点ip

2、由于yum安装下载官方rpm包比较慢，所以自己自建了yum源，从https://repo.saltstack.com/yum/redhat/6/x86_64/2017.7/此处将需要以来安装的rpm包下载下来

查看下配置文件：

[[email protected] ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/salt/master
[[email protected] ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/salt/minion
master: 192.168.44.134
[[email protected] ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/salt/minion
master: 192.168.44.134

启动两节点上的服务：

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/salt-master start
Starting salt-master daemon:                               [确定]
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/salt-minion start
Starting salt-minion:root:node1 daemon: OK
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1265/sshd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4505                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2797/python2.7
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4506                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2803/python2.7   

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/salt-minion start
Starting salt-minion:root:node2 daemon: OK

显示当前未连接上master的minion节点：

[[email protected] master]# tree
.
├── master.pem
├── master.pub
├── minions
├── minions_autosign
├── minions_denied
├── minions_pre           还没有成为master的minion节点
│   ├── node1
│   └── node2
└── minions_rejected

[[email protected] master]# salt-key
Accepted Keys:
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:         未同意的key有两个，node1和node2上的minion
node1
node2
Rejected Keys:

将未同意的minion进行加入到master来：

salt-key -A：同意所有未同意的minion节点

salt-key -a node*：匹配模式的同意

[[email protected] master]# salt-key -a node*
The following keys are going to be accepted:
Unaccepted Keys:
node1
node2
Proceed? [n/Y] Y
Key for minion node1 accepted.
Key for minion node2 accepted.

[[email protected] master]# tree
.
├── master.pem
├── master.pub
├── minions
│   ├── node1
│   └── node2
├── minions_autosign
├── minions_denied
├── minions_pre
└── minions_rejected

salt-key：
[[email protected] ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
node1
node2
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
Rejected Keys:

1、test.ping：类似于zabbix的agent的ping，test是一个模块，ping是模块中的方法

[[email protected] ~]# salt ‘*‘ test.ping
node2:
    True
node1:
    True

2、cmd.run：执行所有命令的模块

[[email protected] ~]# salt "*" cmd.run "uptime"
node1:
     12:04:22 up  2:32,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
node2:
     12:04:22 up 23:28,  1 user,  load average: 0.07, 0.02, 0.00

[[email protected] ~]# salt "*" cmd.run "df -h"
node2:
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/vg_node2-lv_root
                           16G  3.5G   12G  24% /
    tmpfs                 932M   12K  932M   1% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1             485M   32M  429M   7% /boot
node1:
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_root
                           16G  2.9G   12G  20% /
    tmpfs                 932M   28K  932M   1% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1             485M   32M  429M   7% /boot

grains：salt的一个组件，存储在minion上

　　信息收集：收集minion端的信息

　　匹配某个minion端执行某个命令

　　匹配top file执行某些命令

[[email protected] salt]# salt ‘node1‘ grains.ls          列出所有的grains信息
node1:
    - SSDs
    - biosreleasedate
    - biosversion
    - cpu_flags
    - cpu_model
    - cpuarch
    - disks
    - dns

[[email protected] salt]# salt ‘node1‘ grains.items 列出详细的grains的key和value

显示单个item的值：

[[email protected] salt]# salt ‘node1‘ grains.item fqdn     获取某一个grains的item
node1:
    ----------
    fqdn:
        node1

或者使用get方法：

[[email protected] salt]# salt ‘node1‘ grains.get fqdn      获取某一个grains的值
node1:
    node1

显示minion端的操作系统：

[[email protected] salt]# salt ‘node1‘ grains.get os       获取某一个grains的值
node1:
    CentOS

在操作系统是CentOS上执行某命令：

[[email protected] salt]# salt -G os:CentOS cmd.run ‘w‘     -G：以grains类型作匹配
node1:
     13:04:59 up  3:32,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
    USER     TTY      FROM              [email protected]   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
    root     pts/0    192.168.44.1     11:42    0.00s  0.54s  0.35s /usr/bin/python
    root     pts/1    192.168.44.1     11:49   28:30   0.04s  0.04s -bash
node2:
     13:04:59 up 1 day, 29 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
    USER     TTY      FROM              [email protected]   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
    root     pts/0    192.168.44.1     11:42   28:36   0.08s  0.08s -bash

[[email protected] salt]# salt "*" grains.item roles          获取roles这个item的grains信息
node1:
    ----------
    roles:
        - webserver
        - memcache
node2:
    ----------
    roles:

grains存在于minion端的配置文件中，可以使用配置grains进行将minion打一个标签，然后通过使用grains进行匹配，执行某操作：

[[email protected] salt]# egrep -v "^$|^#" /etc/salt/minion
master: 192.168.44.134
grains:
  roles:
    - webserver
    - memcache
修改了配置文件，需要重启才能生效：
[[email protected] salt]# /etc/init.d/salt-minion restart
Stopping salt-minion:root:node1 daemon: OK
Starting salt-minion:root:node1 daemon: OK
执行操作：
[[email protected] salt]# salt -G "roles:memcache" cmd.run ‘echo "hello node1"‘
node1:
    hello node1
-G "roles:memcache"：匹配刚刚在minion端配置文件中的roles定义

当然如果不想将grains配置写在minion的配置文件中，那么可以将grains配置单独写在/etc/salt/grains中：匹配某一个minion端执行某一个命令

[[email protected] salt]# ll /etc/salt/grains，该grains需要事先进行创建
比如：
[[email protected] salt]# cat /etc/salt/grains
roles: nginx

[[email protected] salt]# /etc/init.d/salt-minion restart
Stopping salt-minion:root:node1 daemon: OK
Starting salt-minion:root:node1 daemon: OK
[[email protected] salt]# salt -G "roles:nginx" cmd.run ‘echo "node1 nginx"‘
No minions matched the target. No command was sent, no jid was assigned.
ERROR: No return received

报错原因：/etc/salt/grains 改配置文件中的key为roles与minion中的key值roles一致，导致冲突了，修改该key就可以解决

[[email protected] salt]# cat /etc/salt/grains
web: nginx
[[email protected] salt]# /etc/init.d/salt-minion restart
Stopping salt-minion:root:node1 daemon: OK
Starting salt-minion:root:node1 daemon: OK
[[email protected] salt]# salt -G "web:nginx" cmd.run ‘echo "node1 nginx"‘
node1:
    node1 nginx

pillar：只有在master配置文件中才会用到设置pillar

默认pillar没有打开

[[email protected] salt]# salt "*" pillar.items
node1:
    ----------
node2:
    ----------

需要在master配置文件中开启：

[[email protected] ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/salt/master
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt
pillar_opts: True
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/salt-master restart
Stopping salt-master daemon:                               [确定]
Starting salt-master daemon:                               [确定]
[[email protected] ~]# salt "*" pillar.items

node2:
    ----------
    master:
        ----------
        __role:
            master
        allow_minion_key_revoke:

pillar支持环境，base环境或其他，pillar也有一个入口目录，入口文件top file，top file必须放在base环境下面，打开base环境设置：

[[email protected] ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/salt/master
pillar_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/pillar
创建该文件：[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /srv/pillar
重启master服务：[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/salt-master restart

[[email protected] pillar]# cat apache.sls
{% if grains[‘os‘] == ‘CentOS‘ %}
apache: httpd
{% elif grains[‘os‘] == ‘Debian‘ %}
apache: apache2
{% endif %}
[[email protected] pillar]# cat top.sls
base:
  ‘*‘:
    - apache
将pillar的True再次修改为False，重启master，查看上面编写的sls文件是否已经生效
[[email protected] pillar]# salt ‘*‘ pillar.items
node2:
    ----------
    apache:
        httpd
node1:
    ----------
    apache:
        httpd
设置完了pillar，需要进行刷新才能够使用：
[[email protected] pillar]# salt ‘*‘ saltutil.refresh_pillar
node2:
    True
node1:
    True
[[email protected] pillar]# salt -I ‘apache:httpd‘ test.ping 刷新了才能调用pillar的设置，-I表示使用pillar匹配
node2:
    True
node1:
    True

时间： 2024-11-05 22:38:39

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