ISP(Image Signal Processor),图像信号处理器,主要用来对前端图像传感器输出信号处理的单元,主要用于手机,监控摄像头等设备上。
RAW DATA,可以理解为:RAW图像就是CMOS或者CCD图像感应器将捕捉到的光源信号转化为数字信号的原始数据,是无损的,包含了物体原始的颜色信息等。RAW数据格式一般采用的是Bayer排列方式,通过滤波光片,产生彩色滤波阵列(CFA),鉴于人眼对绿色波段的色彩比较敏感,Bayer数据格式中包含了50%的绿色信息,以及各25%的红色和蓝色信息。
Bayer排列格式有以下4种:
1.| R | G | 2.| B | G | 3.| G | R | 4.| G | B |
| G | B | | G | R | | B | G | | R | G |
在ISP处理模块的第一部分,就是需要对CFA DATA进行去噪操作。普通的去噪方式针对Bayer数据格式是不合适的,需要进行变换后才能进行处理。
一、中值滤波CFA(Color Filter Array)Data去噪方法
首先,让我们一起来回顾一下中值滤波的算法原理以及优缺点,然后给出示意的算法效果图。
中值滤波,顾名思义就是将滤波器里面所有像素值进行排序,然后用中间值替代当前像素点值。常用的中值滤波器有3X3,5X5等。
中值滤波的有点在于,实现简单,能够有效的消除椒盐噪声以及其他脉冲型噪声。缺点也是所有去噪算法所共有的,就是平滑模糊了图像的内容,有些角点以及边缘的信息损失。
对CFA DATA进行去噪时,需要将不同的颜色通道分开进行处理,这样是为了防止在平滑过程中将有用的颜色信息丢掉,比如说,由绿色信息包围的蓝色像素值与其相差很大时,此时就会被认为是噪声被处理掉,然而真实情况是,该区域的蓝色信息都是很大的。所以各通道单独处理的话是有利于保护颜色信息的。在我的处理过程中,是将原CFA DATA分成4块-R,G1,G2,B,分块去噪完成后再重新恢复到原来的位置,这样整个过程就完成了。
下面给出参考的中值滤波和主程序的C++(MFC)代码:
主函数:
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- void main()
- {
- /*******开始编写中值滤波去噪模块--2015.07.27***********/
- //针对R分量块进行去噪
- pNewDoc->m_RBlock = new unsigned short [m_Height*m_Width/4];
- pNewDoc->m_G1Block = new unsigned short [m_Height*m_Width/4];
- pNewDoc->m_G2Block = new unsigned short [m_Height*m_Width/4];
- pNewDoc->m_BBlock = new unsigned short [m_Height*m_Width/4];
- unsigned short* smoothR = new unsigned short[m_Height*m_Width/4];
- unsigned short* smoothG1 = new unsigned short[m_Height*m_Width/4];
- unsigned short* smoothG2 = new unsigned short[m_Height*m_Width/4];
- unsigned short* smoothB = new unsigned short[m_Height*m_Width/4];
- for (int i = 0; i < m_Height/2 ;i ++ )
- {
- for(int j = 0; j < m_Width/2 ; j ++ )
- {
- pNewDoc->m_RBlock [i*m_Width/2 + j] = m_RawImage[i*m_Width*2 + j*2];
- pNewDoc->m_G1Block[i*m_Width/2 + j] = m_RawImage[i*m_Width*2 + j*2 + 1];
- pNewDoc->m_G2Block[i*m_Width/2 + j] = m_RawImage[i*m_Width*2 + m_Width + j*2];
- pNewDoc->m_BBlock [i*m_Width/2 + j] = m_RawImage[i*m_Width*2 + m_Width + j*2 + 1];
- }
- }
- medianFilter(pNewDoc->m_RBlock,smoothR,m_Width/2,m_Height/2); //针对R分量块进行去噪
- medianFilter(pNewDoc->m_G1Block,smoothG1,m_Width/2,m_Height/2); //针对G1分量块进行去噪
- medianFilter(pNewDoc->m_G2Block,smoothG2,m_Width/2,m_Height/2); //针对G2分量块进行去噪
- medianFilter(pNewDoc->m_BBlock,smoothB,m_Width/2,m_Height/2); //针对B分量块进行去噪
- //反过来构造去噪去噪后的raw data
- for (int i = 0; i < m_Height/2 - 1;i ++ )
- {
- for(int j = 0; j < m_Width/2-1; j ++ )
- {
- pNewDoc->m_ImageNR[i*m_Width*2 + j*2] = smoothR[i*m_Width/2 + j];
- pNewDoc->m_ImageNR[i*m_Width*2 + j*2 + 1] = smoothG1[i*m_Width/2 + j];
- pNewDoc->m_ImageNR[i*m_Width*2 + m_Width + j*2] = smoothG2[i*m_Width/2 + j];
- pNewDoc->m_ImageNR[i*m_Width*2 + m_Width + j*2 + 1] = smoothB[i*m_Width/2 + j];
- }
- }
- /***********中值滤波模块完成--2015.07.27********************/
- //SaveImageData(pNewDoc->m_ImageNR, m_Height ,m_Width,"E:\\m_ImageNR.bmp");
- SetDisplayRawImage( pNewDoc->m_ImageNR, m_Height ,m_Width, m_RawBitType,pNewDoc->m_Image);
- }
void main() { /*******开始编写中值滤波去噪模块--2015.07.27***********/ //针对R分量块进行去噪 pNewDoc->m_RBlock = new unsigned short [m_Height*m_Width/4]; pNewDoc->m_G1Block = new unsigned short [m_Height*m_Width/4]; pNewDoc->m_G2Block = new unsigned short [m_Height*m_Width/4]; pNewDoc->m_BBlock = new unsigned short [m_Height*m_Width/4]; unsigned short* smoothR = new unsigned short[m_Height*m_Width/4]; unsigned short* smoothG1 = new unsigned short[m_Height*m_Width/4]; unsigned short* smoothG2 = new unsigned short[m_Height*m_Width/4]; unsigned short* smoothB = new unsigned short[m_Height*m_Width/4]; for (int i = 0; i < m_Height/2 ;i ++ ) { for(int j = 0; j < m_Width/2 ; j ++ ) { pNewDoc->m_RBlock [i*m_Width/2 + j] = m_RawImage[i*m_Width*2 + j*2]; pNewDoc->m_G1Block[i*m_Width/2 + j] = m_RawImage[i*m_Width*2 + j*2 + 1]; pNewDoc->m_G2Block[i*m_Width/2 + j] = m_RawImage[i*m_Width*2 + m_Width + j*2]; pNewDoc->m_BBlock [i*m_Width/2 + j] = m_RawImage[i*m_Width*2 + m_Width + j*2 + 1]; } } medianFilter(pNewDoc->m_RBlock,smoothR,m_Width/2,m_Height/2); //针对R分量块进行去噪 medianFilter(pNewDoc->m_G1Block,smoothG1,m_Width/2,m_Height/2); //针对G1分量块进行去噪 medianFilter(pNewDoc->m_G2Block,smoothG2,m_Width/2,m_Height/2); //针对G2分量块进行去噪 medianFilter(pNewDoc->m_BBlock,smoothB,m_Width/2,m_Height/2); //针对B分量块进行去噪 //反过来构造去噪去噪后的raw data for (int i = 0; i < m_Height/2 - 1;i ++ ) { for(int j = 0; j < m_Width/2-1; j ++ ) { pNewDoc->m_ImageNR[i*m_Width*2 + j*2] = smoothR[i*m_Width/2 + j]; pNewDoc->m_ImageNR[i*m_Width*2 + j*2 + 1] = smoothG1[i*m_Width/2 + j]; pNewDoc->m_ImageNR[i*m_Width*2 + m_Width + j*2] = smoothG2[i*m_Width/2 + j]; pNewDoc->m_ImageNR[i*m_Width*2 + m_Width + j*2 + 1] = smoothB[i*m_Width/2 + j]; } } /***********中值滤波模块完成--2015.07.27********************/ //SaveImageData(pNewDoc->m_ImageNR, m_Height ,m_Width,"E:\\m_ImageNR.bmp"); SetDisplayRawImage( pNewDoc->m_ImageNR, m_Height ,m_Width, m_RawBitType,pNewDoc->m_Image); }
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- <pre name="code" class="html">void medianFilter (unsigned short* corrupted, unsigned short* smooth, int width, int height)
- {
- memcpy ( smooth, corrupted, width*height*sizeof(unsigned short) );
- for (int j=1;j<height-1;j++)
- {
- for (int i=1;i<width-1;i++)
- {
- int k = 0;
- unsigned short window[9];
- for (int jj = j - 1; jj < j + 2; ++jj)
- for (int ii = i - 1; ii < i + 2; ++ii)
- window[k++] = corrupted[jj * width + ii];
- // Order elements (only half of them)
- for (int m = 0; m < 5; ++m)
- {
- int min = m;
- for (int n = m + 1; n < 9; ++n)
- if (window[n] < window[min])
- min = n;
- // Put found minimum element in its place
- unsigned short temp = window[m];
- window[m] = window[min];
- window[min] = temp;
- }
- smooth[ j*width+i ] = window[4];
- }
- }
- } <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span>
<pre name="code" class="html">void medianFilter (unsigned short* corrupted, unsigned short* smooth, int width, int height) { memcpy ( smooth, corrupted, width*height*sizeof(unsigned short) ); for (int j=1;j<height-1;j++) { for (int i=1;i<width-1;i++) { int k = 0; unsigned short window[9]; for (int jj = j - 1; jj < j + 2; ++jj) for (int ii = i - 1; ii < i + 2; ++ii) window[k++] = corrupted[jj * width + ii]; // Order elements (only half of them) for (int m = 0; m < 5; ++m) { int min = m; for (int n = m + 1; n < 9; ++n) if (window[n] < window[min]) min = n; // Put found minimum element in its place unsigned short temp = window[m]; window[m] = window[min]; window[min] = temp; } smooth[ j*width+i ] = window[4]; } } } <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span>
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中值滤波函数是在网上找的代码,由于比较基础,就直接拿过来用了,侵删
去噪前后效果图:
下一篇文章,我将主要给大家展示一下BM3D算法RAW DATA去噪效果,谢谢。