MySQL5.7单实例二进制包安装方法

一、环境

OS: CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
MySQL: mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

说明：类似的操作系统也可以的。为了方便起见，涉及到的操作，均可以直接粘贴复制，比较直观快捷的实施，我没有将带有命令行的截图或者文字粘贴出来。

可能会与路径有关，本文档是基于实践而记录下的，可能与你的环境有所不同，请遇到问题，具体分析查找资料。

二、准备工作

2.1、修改主机名称

hostname myserver
sed -i ‘s/shell/myserver/‘ /etc/sysconfig/network

2.2、关闭selinux

sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/‘ /etc/selinux/config
setenforce  0

2.3、修改系统内核参数

cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
fs.file-max=655360
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.sem = 5050 646400 5050 128
kernel.shmmax = 137438953472
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmni = 4096
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 10
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
vm.swappiness=1
EOF

# 使其生效
sysctl -p

2.4、安装依赖包

# 需要配置yum

yum  clean all
yum -y update
yum -y install gd libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel net-snmp-devel wget telnet vim zip unzip
yum -y install curl-devel libxslt-devel pcre-devel libjpeg libpng libcurl4-openssl-dev
yum -y install libcurl-devel libcurl freetype-config freetype freetype-devel unixODBC libxslt
yum -y install libtool openssl-devel
yum -y install perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed
yum -y install ncurses-devel.x86_64  openldap-devel.x86_64 lrzsz  openssh-clients gcc-g77  bison
yum -y install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mhash mhash-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel
yum -y install ntpdate rsync svn  patch  iptables iptables-services
yum -y install libevent libevent-devel  cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-devel
yum -y install gd-devel libmemcached-devel memcached git libssl-devel libyaml-devel auto
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf automake ncurses-devel ncurses  cmake libaio libaio-devel  boost
yum -y install perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Time-HiRes perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl perl-devel
yum -y groupinstall "Server Platform Development" "Development tools"
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools" 

2.5、基本初始化

mkdir -p /opt/mysql
cd /opt/mysql/
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -zxf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/
ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

2.6、创建所需要的目录

mkdir -p /gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/{data,logs,tmp}
mkdir -p /data/backup/

# 更改权限
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql -d /home/mysql -s /sbin/nologin

2.7、创建配置文件

# 排除干扰因素

if [ -f /etc/my.cnf ]; then
    mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
fi 

cat >/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf <<EOF
# my_3306.cnf
[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql_3306.sock

[mysql]
#prompt="\[email protected]\h:\p  \R:\m:\s [\d]>"
#tee=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/query.log
#prompt="\[email protected]\h:\p  \R:\m:\s [\d]>"
prompt = "[\[email protected]\h][\d]>\_"
connect_timeout = 5
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
#misc
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
port = 3306
socket = /gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql_3306.sock

#timeout
interactive_timeout = 300
wait_timeout = 300

#character set
character-set-server = utf8

open_files_limit = 65535
max_connections = 100
max_connect_errors = 100000

skip-name-resolve = 1
disable-partition-engine-check=1
#logs
log-output=file
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/mysql_3306_slow.log
log-error = /gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/mysql_3306_error.log
log_error_verbosity = 3
pid-file = mysql_3306.pid
long_query_time = 1
#log-slow-admin-statements = 1
#log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
log-slow-slave-statements = 1

#tmp
tmpdir=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/tmp
event_scheduler = 1
performance_schema = on
max_allowed_packet = 32M
character_set_server = utf8mb4
#character_set_server = utf8
default-time-zone = system
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
#bind_address = 172.16.151.248
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1

#binlog
binlog_format = row
server-id = 1813306
log-bin = /gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/mysql-bin
log-bin-index = /gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/mysql-bin.index
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_size = 1G
max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
sync_binlog = 1
expire_logs_days = 90
#replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%

#relay log
skip_slave_start = 1
max_relay_log_size = 1G
relay_log_purge = 1
relay_log_recovery = 1
log_slave_updates
#slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1
#buffers & cache
table_open_cache = 2048
table_definition_cache = 2048
table_open_cache = 2048
max_heap_table_size = 96M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 256
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_limit = 256K
query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
thread_stack = 192K
tmp_table_size = 96M
key_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M

#myisam
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1

#innodb
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M
innodb_log_file_size = 500M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_rollback_on_timeout
innodb_status_file = 1
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay-log-info-repository = TABLE
binlog_checksum = NONE
log_slave_updates = ON
binlog_row_image=FULL

# Two-Master configure
#server-1
#auto-increment-offset = 1
#auto-increment-increment = 2 

#server-2
#auto-increment-offset = 2
#auto-increment-increment = 2

# semi sync replication settings #
#plugin_dir = /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/plugin
#plugin_load = "validate_password.so;rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
plugin_dir = /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin #官方版本的路径
plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so" #官方版本的路径

loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = on
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level = 32
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave = on
loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = on
loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level = 32
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count=1
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point=AFTER_SYNC

slave_preserve_commit_order = 1
slave_transaction_retries = 128
log_timestamps = system
show_compatibility_56 = on
slave_parallel_workers = 16
slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK

loose_innodb_numa_interleave = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
innodb_page_cleaners = 16
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
#transaction_write_set_extraction = MURMUR32
# READ-UNCOMMITTED, READ-COMMITTED, REPEATABLE-READ, SERIALIZABLE ##
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY"

# group replication
##log-bin = mysql
##server-id = 613306
##gtid_mode = ON
##enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
##master_info_repository = TABLE
##relay-log-info-repository = TABLE
##binlog_checksum = NONE
##log_slave_updates = ON
##binlog_format = row
##transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
##loose-group_replication_group_name = ‘3db33b36-0e51-409f-a61d-c99756e90154‘
##loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = off
##loose-group_replication_local_address= "10.125.141.62:23306"  # 不能超过5位数字
##loose-group_replication_group_seeds= "10.125.141.62:23306,10.125.141.62:23307,10.125.141.62:23308"  # 不能超过5位数字
##loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group= off
# loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode=FALSE   ###本次搭建的是mutil_mode
# loose-group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks= TRUE

[mysqld_safe]
#malloc-lib=/usr/local/mysql/lib/jmalloc.so
nice=-19
open-files-limit=65535
EOF

2.8、初始化数据库

chown -R mysql.mysql /gomeo2o/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/backup/
chmod -R 775 /data/backup/
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --initialize-insecure &

　# 查看日志
  # tail -f /gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/error.log

2.9、启动数据库推荐做法

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf & 

2.10、进入mysql,修改账号

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  -uroot -p -P3306 -S /gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql_3306.sock

set sql_log_bin = 0;
create user ‘rpl_user‘@‘%‘;
grant replication slave on *.* to ‘rpl_user‘@‘10.%‘ identified by ‘BR8KLwXCKHgN‘;
update mysql.user set authentication_string=password(‘rootpwd2017‘) where user=‘root‘;
flush privileges;
set sql_log_bin = 1;
reset  master ; reset slave all;
exit;

######## 配置主从复制方法开始 ########
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=‘172.16.1.10‘,MASTER_USER=‘rpl_user‘,
#    MASTER_PASSWORD=‘BR8KLwXCKHgN‘,MASTER_PORT=3306,
#    MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10,MASTER_AUTO_POSITION =1;
#
#    start slave;
#    show slave status\G;
######## 配置主从复制方法结束 ########

2.12、设置便捷使用方式

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor set --host=localhost --login-path=3306_localhost_login --user=root --port=3306  --password --socket=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql_3306.sock

# 请输入root密码： rootpwd2017

alias mysql.3306.start=‘/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf &‘
alias mysql.3306.stop=‘/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --login-path=3306_localhost_login shutdown &‘
alias mysql.3306.login=‘/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --login-path=3306_localhost_login‘
# alias mysql.3306.all_dump=‘/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --login-path=3306_localhost_login  -R -E --triggers -e --max_allowed_packet=16777216 --net_buffer_length=16384  --default-character-set=utf8mb4 --set-gtid-purged=OFF --master-data=2 --single-transaction --all-databases --quick | gzip >/data/backup/all_database_bak_`date +%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S`.sql.gz‘

cat  >>/root/.bashrc <<EOF
alias mysql.3306.start=‘/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf &‘
alias mysql.3306.stop=‘/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --login-path=3306_localhost_login shutdown &‘
alias mysql.3306.login=‘/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --login-path=3306_localhost_login‘
# alias mysql.3306.all_dump=‘/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --login-path=3306_localhost_login  -R -E --triggers -e --max_allowed_packet=16777216 --net_buffer_length=16384  --default-character-set=utf8mb4 --set-gtid-purged=OFF --master-data=2 --single-transaction --all-databases --quick | gzip >/data/backup/all_database_bak_`date +%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S`.sql.gz‘
EOF

source  /root/.bash_profile

cat  >>/etc/rc.local <<EOF
#  alias mysql.3306.start=‘/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf &‘
#  alias mysql.3306.stop=‘/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --login-path=3306_localhost_login shutdown &‘
#  alias mysql.3306.login=‘/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --login-path=3306_localhost_login‘
##  alias mysql.3306.all_dump=‘/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --login-path=3306_localhost_login  -R -E --triggers -e --max_allowed_packet=16777216 --net_buffer_length=16384  --default-character-set=utf8mb4 --set-gtid-purged=OFF --master-data=2 --single-transaction --all-databases --quick | gzip >/data/backup/all_database_bak_`date +%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S`.sql.gz‘
EOF

3、gtid故障处理一例

############################################# gtid故障处理开始 #############################################
#     模拟在从库删除库，然后再主库删除该库，报如下错误
#      Last_SQL_Error: Error ‘Can‘t drop database ‘db1‘; database doesn‘t exist‘ on query. Default database: ‘db1‘. Query: ‘drop database db1‘
#       Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
#                  Master_Server_Id: 623306
#                       Master_UUID: 11526eb0-fcbc-11e6-af7d-005056b937e2
#                  Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
#                         SQL_Delay: 0
#               SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
#           Slave_SQL_Running_State:
#                Master_Retry_Count: 86400
#                       Master_Bind:
#           Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
#          Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 170227 15:44:06
#                    Master_SSL_Crl:
#                Master_SSL_Crlpath:
#                Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 11526eb0-fcbc-11e6-af7d-005056b937e2:1-2
#                 Executed_Gtid_Set: 11526eb0-fcbc-11e6-af7d-005056b937e2:1,
#     1760a7a5-fcbc-11e6-8f14-005056b90358:1
#                     Auto_Position: 1
#              Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
#                      Channel_Name:
#                Master_TLS_Version:
#
#     处理方法：
#     stop slave;
#     set gtid_next=‘11526eb0-fcbc-11e6-af7d-005056b937e2:2‘;
#     begin;
#     commit;
#     set gtid_next=‘automatic‘;
#     start slave;
#     show slave status\G;
############################################# gtid故障处理结束 #############################################

四、配套卸载删除脚本

[[email protected] mysql]# sh Uninstall_mysql.sh
  请注意,你正在关闭mysqld服务!!!
[Y/N]: Y
你已经选择关闭mysqld服务操作,即将关闭!!!
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mysql卸载完毕...

[[email protected] mysql]# chmod +x Uninstall_mysql.sh 

cat Uninstall_mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
mysqld_count=`ps -ef|grep -v ‘grep‘ | grep mysqld |wc -l`
echo "  请注意,你正在关闭mysqld服务!!!"

function shutdown_and_delete_files () {
if [ "${mysqld_count}" -eq 2 ]; then
        /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin --defaults-file=/gomeo2o/data/mysql/mysql_3306/my_3306.cnf --login-path=3306_localhost_login shutdown &
fi

# 模拟打印进度条
for i in {1..10}
do
        echo -n " $i"
        sleep 1
done

# 删除链接文件

if [ -L /usr/local/mysql ]; then
        unlink /usr/local/mysql
fi

echo  ""

# 删除相应的文件

rm -rf /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf.bak
rm -rf /data/backup/*
cp /root/.bashrc /root/.bashrc.bak
cp /etc/rc.local /etc/rc.local.bak
sed  -i  ‘/mysql.3306/d‘ /root/.bashrc
sed  -i  ‘/mysql.3306/d‘ /etc/rc.local
rm -rf /gomeo2o/data/*
echo "mysql卸载完毕..."
echo ""
}

read -p "[Y/N]: " answer
case "${answer}" in
        Y|y|YES|yes)
                echo "你已经选择关闭mysqld服务操作,即将关闭!!!"
                shutdown_and_delete_files
                ;;
        N|n|NO|no)
                echo "你已经取消关闭mysqld服务操作..."
                ;;
        *)
                #echo "Error choice"
                echo "Useage: [Y|YES|y|yes N|NO|n|no]"
                ;;
esac