十八周一次课（4月25日）
20.27 分发系统介绍
20.28 expect脚本远程登录
20.29 expect脚本远程执行命令
20.30 expect脚本传递参数
20.27 分发系统介绍
expect是一种能够按照脚本内容里面设定的方式与交互式程序进行“会话”的程序。根据脚本内容，Expect可以知道程序会提示或反馈什么内容以及什么是正确的应答。它是一种可以提供“分支和嵌套结构”来引导程序流程的解释型脚本语言。
我们熟知的shell编程功能虽然很强大,但是不能实现有交互功能的多机器之前的操作,例如ssh和scp等。而expect可以帮助我们来实现。
20.28 expect脚本远程登录
yum install -y expect
自动远程登录192.168.37.100
编辑expect文件：vi 1.expect
#! /usr/bin/expect //说明用expect来执行
set host "192.168.37.100" //set是设置变量，这里设置host变量的值，就是登陆主机的ip地址
set passwd "123456" //set设置passwd变量的值，就是登陆主机的密码
spawn ssh [email protected]$host //是进入expect环境后才可以执行的expect内部命令，用来执行它后面的命令。这里是登陆主机的语句
expect { //用来解惑关键的字符串，如果有，就会立即返回下面设置的内容，如果没有就看是否设置了超时时间
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue} //执行交互式动作，截取ssh连接主机时，"yes/no"这段，发送yes，\r：表示回车。exp_continue：表示继续
"assword:" { send "$passwd\r" } //执行交互式动作，截取"assword:"这段，发送上面设置的passwd变量的值
}
Interact //结束符。Interact：还停留在远程主机上；expect eof：退出远程主机。
用ssh登陆100主机：
ssh 192.168.37.100
[[email protected] /usr/local/sbin]# ssh 192.168.37.100
Last login: Tue Apr 24 15:27:32 2018 from 192.168.37.1
因为登陆过，所以没有提示就直接登陆了。清空/root/.ssh/known_hosts文件，让登陆时有提示
vi .ssh/known_hosts
ssh 192.168.37.100
[[email protected] ~]# ssh 192.168.37.100
The authenticity of host '192.168.37.100 (192.168.37.100)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:O/psyoi564EA1rmbUfUBPXikCFUf6bMTmwfAb8wwi7A.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:47:ce:6b:84:7d:4f:e2:5a:cc:bb:0f:4b:61:be:ca:d6.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.37.100' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
更改权限：chmod a+x 1.expect
执行脚本：./1.expect
[[email protected] /usr/local/sbin]# ./1.expect
spawn ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host '192.168.37.100 (192.168.37.100)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:O/psyoi564EA1rmbUfUBPXikCFUf6bMTmwfAb8wwi7A.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:47:ce:6b:84:7d:4f:e2:5a:cc:bb:0f:4b:61:be:ca:d6.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.37.100' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Tue Apr 24 16:12:28 2018 from 192.168.37.100
20.29 expect脚本远程执行命令
自动远程登录后，执行命令并退出
编辑expect文件：vi 2.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user "root"
set passwd "123456"
spawn ssh [email protected]
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*" //登陆到01主机上后，最后一行显示的是“[[email protected] ~]#”，这里用*表示通配，这行要有关键字符串“]*”，就执行下面的命令
send "touch /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r" //直接退出01主机
先退出01主机：logout
[[email protected] ~]# logout
Connection to 192.168.37.100 closed.
更改权限：chmod a+x 2.expect
执行：./2.expect
[[email protected] /usr/local/sbin]# ./2.expect
spawn ssh [email protected]
Last login: Wed Apr 25 09:56:25 2018 from 192.168.37.101
[[email protected] ~]# touch /tmp/12.txt
[[email protected] ~]# echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt
[[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] /usr/local/sbin]#
[[email protected] /usr/local/sbin]#
查看01机器上的12.txt
[[email protected] ~]# ls /tmp/12.txt
/tmp/12.txt
[[email protected] ~]# cat !$
cat /tmp/12.txt
1212
20.30 expect脚本传递参数
编辑expect文件：vi 3.expect
传递参数
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd "123456"
set cm [lindex $argv 2]
spawn ssh [email protected]$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
更改权限：chmod a+x 3.expect
执行脚本：./3.expect root 192.168.37.100 ls
[[email protected] /usr/local/sbin]# ./3.expect root 192.168.37.100 ls
spawn ssh [email protected]
Last login: Wed Apr 25 10:39:59 2018 from 192.168.37.101
[[email protected] ~]# ls
123 1.txt 3.txt anaconda-ks.cfg data sed test1
1_heard.txt 234 aminglinux awk grep soft_link
1_sorft.txt 2.txt aming.txt bb.txt oldboy test
如果要执行多条命令，要用双引号，双引号里面用分号分隔：./3.expect root 192.168.37.100 "ls;w"
[[email protected] /usr/local/sbin]# ./3.expect root 192.168.37.100 "ls;w"
spawn ssh [email protected]
Last login: Wed Apr 25 11:27:47 2018 from 192.168.37.101
[[email protected] ~]# ls;w
123 1.txt 3.txt anaconda-ks.cfg data sed test1
1_heard.txt 234 aminglinux awk grep soft_link
1_sorft.txt 2.txt aming.txt bb.txt oldboy test
11:32:43 up 1:41, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER TTY FROM [email protected] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root pts/0 192.168.37.1 09:52 1:03m 0.08s 0.08s -bash
root pts/1 192.168.37.101 11:32 3.00s 0.01s 0.00s w
[[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] /usr/local/sbin]#
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/415326/2107609