多线程开发可能遇到的问题
假设两个线程t1和t2都要对全局变量g_num(默认是0)进行加1运算,t1和t2都各对g_num加10次,g_num的最终的结果应该为20。
但是由于是多线程同时操作,有可能出现下面情况:
- 在g_num=0时,t1取得g_num=0。此时系统把t1调度为”sleeping”状态,把t2转换为”running”状态,t2也获得g_num=0
- 然后t2对得到的值进行加1并赋给g_num,使得g_num=1
- 然后系统又把t2调度为”sleeping”,把t1转为”running”。线程t1又把它之前得到的0加1后赋值给g_num。
- 这样导致虽然t1和t2都对g_num加1,但结果仍然是g_num=1
测试1
import threading
import time
g_num = 0
def work1(num):
global g_num
for i in range(num):
g_num += 1
print("----in work1, g_num is %d---"%g_num)
def work2(num):
global g_num
for i in range(num):
g_num += 1
print("----in work2, g_num is %d---"%g_num)
print("---线程创建之前g_num is %d---"%g_num)
t1 = threading.Thread(target=work1, args=(100,))
t1.start()
t2 = threading.Thread(target=work2, args=(100,))
t2.start()
while len(threading.enumerate()) != 1:
time.sleep(1)
print("2个线程对同一个全局变量操作之后的最终结果是:%s" % g_num)
运行结果:
---线程创建之前g_num is 0---
----in work1, g_num is 100---
----in work2, g_num is 200---
2个线程对同一个全局变量操作之后的最终结果是:200
测试2
import threading
import time
g_num = 0
def work1(num):
global g_num
for i in range(num):
g_num += 1
print("----in work1, g_num is %d---"%g_num)
def work2(num):
global g_num
for i in range(num):
g_num += 1
print("----in work2, g_num is %d---"%g_num)
print("---线程创建之前g_num is %d---"%g_num)
t1 = threading.Thread(target=work1, args=(1000000,))
t1.start()
t2 = threading.Thread(target=work2, args=(1000000,))
t2.start()
while len(threading.enumerate()) != 1:
time.sleep(1)
print("2个线程对同一个全局变量操作之后的最终结果是:%s" % g_num)
运行结果:
---线程创建之前g_num is 0---
----in work1, g_num is 1088005---
----in work2, g_num is 1286202---
2个线程对同一个全局变量操作之后的最终结果是:1286202
结论
- 如果多个线程同时对同一个全局变量操作,会出现资源竞争问题,从而数据结果会不正确
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jyue/p/10463823.html
时间: 2024-10-03 14:45:29