C# & WPF 随手小计之一 ——初探async await 实现多线程处理

嗯。。。我也是在园子待了不短时间的人了，一直以来汲取着园友的知识，感觉需要回馈什么。

于是以后有空我都会把一些小技巧小知识写下来，有时候可能会很短甚至很简单，但希望能帮到大家咯。

第一篇文章来说说async 和 await吧。

这是微软关于Async的介绍：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh156513.aspx

这是await ：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh156528.aspx

这是综合起来讲：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh191443.aspx

async和await用起来并不是很难，大部分人是这么用的，微软的sample是这么写的：

private async void StartButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    // ExampleMethodAsync returns a Task<int>, which means that the method
    // eventually produces an int result. However, ExampleMethodAsync returns
    // the Task<int> value as soon as it reaches an await.
    ResultsTextBox.Text += "\n";
    try
    {
        int length = await ExampleMethodAsync();
        // Note that you could put "await ExampleMethodAsync()" in the next line where
        // "length" is, but due to when ‘+=‘ fetches the value of ResultsTextBox, you
        // would not see the global side effect of ExampleMethodAsync setting the text.
        ResultsTextBox.Text += String.Format("Length: {0}\n", length);
    }
    catch (Exception)
    {
        // Process the exception if one occurs.
    }
}

public async Task<int> ExampleMethodAsync()
{
    var httpClient = new HttpClient();
    int exampleInt = (await httpClient.GetStringAsync("http://msdn.microsoft.com")).Length;
    ResultsTextBox.Text += "Preparing to finish ExampleMethodAsync.\n";
    // After the following return statement, any method that‘s awaiting
    // ExampleMethodAsync (in this case, StartButton_Click) can get the
    // integer result.
    return exampleInt;
}
// Output:
// Preparing to finish ExampleMethodAsync.
// Length: 53292

上面是微软给的写法，给按钮的响应方法加上async，然后await ExampleMethodAsync，让一个Length变量来接收返回值。

但是其实async和await还有另一种用法：

        private async void button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            TB_Result.Text = await exampleAsync();
        }

        private async Task<string> exampleAsync()
        {
             return await Task.Run(() =>
             {
                 WebClient w = new WebClient();
                 w.DownloadFile("http://provissy.com", "webPage1");
                 w.DownloadFile("http://microsoft.com", "webPage2");
                 string a = w.DownloadString("http://microsoft.com");
                 return a;
             });
        }

Task.Run 和 Lambda表达式，用起来其实更加简单。

在 => { }范围内写任何代码都是异步执行的，因此不用担心某几个语句是否会长时间堵住UI线程。

当然，你不能访问UI线程，否则会抛出异常。

如果不返回值，那就更简单了

        private async Task exampleAsync()
        {             // 用 await exampleAsync(); 来调用即可，会立即返回。
             await Task.Run(() =>
             {
                 WebClient w = new WebClient();
                 w.DownloadFile("http://provissy.com", "webPage1");
                 w.DownloadFile("http://microsoft.com", "webPage2");
             });        }    

好了就这么多，以后会尽量写详细点。。。