mysql 开发进阶篇系列 29 数据库二进制包安装

概述　　

　　对于二进制安装，优点是可以安装到任何路径下，灵活性好，一台服务器可以安装多个mysql。缺点是已经绎过编译，性能不如源码编译得好，不能灵活定制编译参数。如果用户即不想安装最简单却不够灵活的RPM包，又不想安装复杂费时的源码包，那么已编译好的二进制包将是最好的选择。

一.步骤1：解压glib包

-- 在 /usr/local 下创建一个mysql文件夹，用来存放
[[email protected] local]# mkdir mysql
[[email protected] local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql  sbin  share  src
-- 在原有/usr/tool目录将gz压缩包解压
[[email protected] tool]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisam_ftdump
mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisamchk
mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisamlog
mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisampack
mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql
mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql_client_test_embedded
mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql_config_editor
.....
--将解压的文件复制到/usr/local/mysql目录下
[[email protected] tool]# sudo cp -r mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
--在mysql-->mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64路径下 解压的文件共9个 目录如下： [[email protected] mysql]# ls mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files

　　注意：mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64目录层次要去掉，变为/usr/local/mysql 下的9个目录，在文章后面会去掉这层。

二. 步骤2：　　

　　2.1 添加mysql用户 useradd -r -g 用户名用户组

[[email protected] mysql]# groupadd mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

　　2.2 切换到 /usr/local/mysql 目录下，改变目录拥有者为mysql

[[email protected] mysql]# chown -R  mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

　　2.3 新环境安装libaio包 mysql 依赖于libaio

[[email protected] mysqld]# yum search libaio

三步骤3：　　

　　安装mysql,使用 --initialize,basedir mysql基础目录,basedir mysql基础目录。

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin
[[email protected] bin]# ./mysqld  --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2018-08-23T06:56:21.157088Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-08-23T06:56:21.157246Z 0 [ERROR] Can‘t find error-message file ‘/usr/local/mysql/share/errmsg.sys‘. Check error-message file location and ‘lc-messages-dir‘ configuration directive.
2018-08-23T06:56:26.287087Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-08-23T06:56:27.059913Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-08-23T06:56:27.138616Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: a7e28575-a6a1-11e8-af13-000c29affb65.
2018-08-23T06:56:27.154064Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed‘ cannot be opened.
2018-08-23T06:56:27.155635Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: ro0ssOGT?ocf

四步骤4：

　　4.1 创建RSA private key。

[[email protected] bin]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

　　4.2 修改当前目录拥有者为 root 用户,修改data 目录拥有者为 mysql

[[email protected] bin]# chown -R root:root /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] bin]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data

五.步骤5 配置mysql(mysql.server)和my.cnf文件

--检查 etc/my.cnf文件是否存在 (二进制安装，默认配置文件在/etc/my.cnf)
    [[email protected] etc]# find -name  my.cnf
    ./my.cnf
 --将support-files 目录下的mysql.server文件复制到etc/init.d下
    [[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files
    [[email protected] support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
 -- 配置/etc/init.d/mysql服务文件 添加basedir和datadir
    [[email protected] support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysql

　　　修改my.cnf 配置以下四个参数(注意：chkconfig -- level 35 mysqld on 不要加上，后面报错，又得去掉)
　　　　

六.步骤6 启动mysql

[[email protected] bin]# service mysql start
/etc/init.d/mysql: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
    Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn‘t find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe) 

--提示未找到路径，需要把"mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64" 文件夹去掉,使用mv 将里面的文件移到/usr/locl/mysql下,共9个文件
[[email protected] bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/README /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/COPYING /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/share /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/man /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/lib /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/include /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/docs /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] bin]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin /usr/local/mysql

-- 再启动
[[email protected] bin]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.2018-08-24T01:06:20.545225Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to ‘/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log‘, however file don‘t exists. Create writable for user ‘mysql‘.
 ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/hsr.pid).

-- 提示/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log 不存在， 打开my.cnf 能看到定义的默认路径
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

--创建目录 给权限
[[email protected] bin]# mkdir /var/log/mariadb
[[email protected] bin]# touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
[[email protected] bin]# chown -R mysql:mysql  /var/log/mariadb/

-- 再启动
[[email protected] bin]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/hsr.pid).

-- 错误信息是hsr.pid进程出问题，先查看下日志
[[email protected] ~]# cat /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log

　　
　　在my.cnf中注释上面参数(#chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on),再启动
　　
　　上图意思是不能创建mysql.sock.lock 文件，一般是权限不足，如下设置好权限，启动成功
　　

七登录mysql

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u root -p
bash: mysql: 未找到命令

　　未找到命令,是由于系统默认会查找/usr/bin下的命令，如果这个命令不在这个目录下，就会找不到命令，需要映射一个链接到/usr/bin目录下，相当于建立一个链接文件。

[[email protected] ~]#  ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u -root -p
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock‘ (2)

--错误信息是不能连接到本地的socket ，系统默认找到了/tmp目录下，需要设置链接文件
[[email protected] tmp]# ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u -root -p
Enter password:

八. 设置密码　　

　　8.1 打开my.cnf文件,添加skip-grant-tables,来重置密码，如下所示
　　　　
　　8.2 启动服务，再次登录，在输入密码处按回车键进入。

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] ~]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23

　　8.3 进入mysql后，修改密码

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> update user set authentication_string=password(‘123456‘) where user=‘root‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

　　退出mysql>quit; 编辑 my.cnf 注释掉#skip-grant-tables

　8.4 重启mysql服务，输入修改后的密码(123456)进入

[[email protected] ~]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23

九远程登录

-- 登录到mysql后设置权限
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘ WITH GRANT OPTION;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
--  再设置密码
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD(‘123456‘);
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
-- 设置权限
mysql> ALTER USER ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
-- 刷新权限
mysql>  flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
-- 设置远程登录权限
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘ WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

　　-- 在my.cnf中添加端口,重启服务
　　

-- 测试端口是否打开
[[email protected] ~]#  firewall-cmd    --query-port=3306/tcp
no
-- 防火墙设置
[[email protected] ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
-- 重新加载
[[email protected] ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
-- 再次测试端口
[[email protected] ~]# firewall-cmd    --query-port=3306/tcp
yes

　　-- 在windows端拼通成功
　　

　　--- 最后使用SQLyog连接成功
　　
　　

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/MrHSR/p/9529870.html

时间： 2024-10-12 02:48:55