按照阿里云官网教程对云服务器进行磁盘扩容,使用fdisk重新分区,最后使用e2fsck和resize2fs来完成文件系统层面的扩容
在执行“e2fsck -f /dev/vdb1”命令时报错,如果你的问题和下面的错误一样,可以接着往下看:
[[email protected]aliyunsrv ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vdb1 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) e2fsck: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/vdb1 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 <device>
按照提示执行“e2fsck -b 8193 /dev/vdb1”,并没有什么用
根据报错信息推测是该工具并没有找到super-block,也就是分区起始位置有问题
因为已经重新创建分区表,所以往前查看了命令记录发现,分区的起始位置在103处,
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 1 6527 52426752 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 2 heads, 10 sectors/track, 52428800 cylinders Units = cylinders of 20 * 512 = 10240 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x63c3e6e0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdb1 103 52428800 524286976 83 Linux # 分区起始位置在103,很重要,需要确定
由此其实可以推测出阿里云的磁盘扩容最近可能出问题了,之前分区我写的必定是1,但是扩容后就变了,这个应该是导致这个问题的原因
提阿里云工单得到的结果是用testdisk进行数据恢复,显然这个不是我要的方法,这个只是分区表损坏,数据并没有丢,处理好分区表即可。
在网上找到的其他老铁的解决思路尝试可以解决,现在重新整理下供大家参考
需要使用到parted分区工具,以下操作注意数据备份!!!
1.使用parted工具读取磁盘分区表信息
# 我在阿里云控制台扩展的分区大小为1024GB
parted /dev/vdb
2.删除旧的错误分区表
# 在parted交互式分区工具中执行
(parted) rm 1
注意:分区表用parted工具删除后无法直接使用fdisk进行分区
3.使用parted工具恢复之前正常的分区表
# 在parted交互式分区工具中执行
(parted) unit s (parted) rescue 103 1099GB
这里根据之前的分区起始位置确认是103扇区,由于parted工具默认启动、结束位置单位都是用容量单位即kB/MB/GB,所以需要通过unit s命令定义默认使用sectors定义起始扇区。
完整的操作如下:
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/vdb GNU Parted 2.1 Using /dev/vdb Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help‘ to view a list of commands. (parted) p # 打印分区表 Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 1100GB # 分区容量 Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos # 分区表类型 Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 5120B 1100GB 1099GB primary # 当前的分区表信息,是不可用的 (parted) rm 1 # 删除1号分区 (parted) unit s # 使用扇区号 (parted) rescue 103 1099GB # 恢复分区表 Information: A ext4 primary partition was found at 2048s -> 1048575999s. Do you want to add it to the partition table? # 找到了ext4格式的分区,起始扇区定位到2048,结束扇区是1048575999(推测的,如有问题欢迎指正) Yes/No/Cancel? y # 是否要创建该分区表,也就是恢复旧的分区表 (parted) p Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 2147483648s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 2048s 1048575999s 1048573952s primary ext4 # 可以看到这个是正确的磁盘分区表 (parted) q Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
4.重新创建新的分区表
这里需要注意的是parted工具里END的值,由于磁盘的扇区数量不容易确定,可以使用容量来替代
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/vdb GNU Parted 2.1 Using /dev/vdb Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help‘ to view a list of commands. (parted) p Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 1100GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 537GB 537GB primary ext4 # 重新打开后发现分区表的显示格式有变化,但并不影响,同时也可以看出来是以前的分区表(未扩容前) (parted) rm 1 # 删除旧的分区表 (parted) p Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 1100GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags (parted) unit s (parted) mkpart primary ext4 2048 1099GB # 创建新的分区表,注意要使用前文获取的扇区起始位置2048 (parted) p Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 2147483648s Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 2048s 2146484223s 2146482176s primary ext4 # 新的分区表 (parted) q Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
此时新的分区表就创建成功了,需要注意:是使用的parted工具创建的分区表!!!
如果想使用fdisk进行分区,可以在fdisk中使用2048起始扇区进行测试,注意数据备份!!!
[[email protected] ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vdb1 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/vdb1: 237246/32768000 files (75.3% non-contiguous), 112383325/131071744 blocks
可以正常执行检查文件系统的操作
[[email protected] ~]# resize2fs /dev/vdb1 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vdb1 to 268310272 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/vdb1 is now 268310272 blocks long.
可以正常执行确认变更文件系统大小的操作,执行完即可挂在使用
最后使用工具检查分区表状态,供参考
[[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/vdb GNU Parted 2.1 Using /dev/vdb Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help‘ to view a list of commands. (parted) p Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 1100GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 1099GB 1099GB primary ext4
fdisk工具查看的信息
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 1 6527 52426752 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 133674 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ead8a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdb1 1 133613 1073241088 83 Linux
附上提供帮助老铁的文章链接:
https://bbs.aliyun.com/read/272957.html?pos=4
完毕,呵呵呵呵
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tssc/p/9175106.html