KVM虚拟化+PKE无人值守安装

安装KVM虚拟化条件：

首先CPU要支持虚拟化（Intel是vmx，AMD是svm）

[[email protected] ~]# egrep ‘(vmx|svm)‘ --color /proc/cpuinfo

确保BIOS里开启VT

Intel(R) Virtualization Tech [Enabled]

安装虚拟化套件

[[email protected] ~]# LANG=en_US-utf8

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Virtualization" "Virtualization Client" "Virtualization Platform" "Virtualization Tools"

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/libvirtd start

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig libvirtd on

[[email protected] ~]# virt-manager

手动安装系统...

设置HOST主机网络

[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

[[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-br0

[[email protected] network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0

DEVICE=br0

TYPE=Bridge

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

IPADDR=172.30.6.149

PREFIX=24

ARPCHECK=no

[[email protected] network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

HWADDR=00:0C:29:7E:DF:4F

TYPE=Ethernet

UUID=743094da-ab6c-406d-8238-a8e51be4a515

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

BRIDGE=br0                   //将eth0桥接到br0

[[email protected] network-scripts]# /etc/init.d/NetworkManager stop    //关闭此服务

[[email protected] network-scripts]# chkconfig NetworkManager off

[[email protected] network-scripts]# service network restart

[[email protected] network-scripts]# chkconfig network on

[[email protected] network-scripts]# reboot

配置DHCP

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install dhcp

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style interim;

filename "pxelinux.0";

next-server 172.30.6.149;

subnet 172.30.6.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers 172.30.6.149;

option domain-name "tarena.com";

option domain-name-servers 172.30.1.16,172.30.6.149;

range dynamic-bootp 172.30.6.10 172.30.6.20;

}

[[email protected] ~]# service dhcpd start

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on

配置TFTP

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install tftp-server

[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "args|disable" /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

server_args = -s /tftpboot

disable = no

[[email protected] ~]# service xinetd restart

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig xinetd on

[[email protected] ~]# netstat -ln | grep :69

udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:69                  0.0.0.0:*

配置NFS

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/exports

/data/iso *(ro)

/var/ftp/pub/iso/CentOS/6.5 *(ro)

/var/ftp/pub/iso/RedHat/5.10 *(ro)

[[email protected] ~]# service rpcbind restart

[[email protected] ~]# service nfs restart

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig rpcbind on

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig nfs on

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install syslinux

[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/ftp/pub/iso/RedHat/5.10/isolinux/

[[email protected] isolinux]# mkdir -p /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

[[email protected] isolinux]# cp initrd.img vmlinuz /tftpboot/

[[email protected] isolinux]# cp isolinux.cfg /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

[[email protected] ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/

无人值守安装RHEL5.10

/var/lib/libvirt/images                                         //安装kvm虚拟机默认存放位置

/etc/libvirt/qemu/                                 //kvm虚拟机配置文件存放位置

管理命令

[[email protected] ~]# virsh list                 //查看已打开虚拟机列表

[[email protected] ~]# virsh list --all                 //查看所有虚拟机列表

[[email protected] ~]# virsh version                 //查看版本号

[[email protected] ~]# virsh start kvm_snap1                 //启动kvm_snap1虚拟机

[[email protected] ~]# virsh create /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm_snap1.xml

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/acpid restart

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig acpid on

[[email protected] ~]# virsh shutdown kvm_snap1                 //关闭kvm_snap1虚拟机

[[email protected] ~]# virsh destroy kvm_snap1                 //强制关闭kvm_snap1虚拟机

[[email protected] ~]# virsh autostart kvm_snap1                 //设置kvm_snap1自启动

[[email protected] ~]# virsh dumpxml kvm_snap1 > kvm_snap1.xml //导出kvm_snap1虚拟机配置文件

[[email protected] ~]# virsh undefine kvm_snap1 //取消kvm_snap1定义

[[email protected] ~]# virsh define kvm_snap1.xml //定义kvm_snap1

[[email protected] ~]# virsh dominfo kvm_snap1 //列举kvm_snap1信息

[[email protected] ~]# virsh edit kvm_snap1 //编辑kvm_snap1配置文件

[[email protected] ~]# virt-clone -o rhel5.10 -n rhel5.10-clone -f /data/images/rhel5.10-clone.img  //克隆虚拟机

-o 指定模板主机

-n 指定克隆出来虚拟机名字

-f  指定克隆出来虚拟机存放位置

使用LVM方式管理虚拟主机磁盘

1，创建LV

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l | grep /dev/sda6

/dev/sda6            6170       39163   265015296   8e  Linux LVM

[[email protected] ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda6

[[email protected] ~]# vgextend vg_data /dev/sda6

[[email protected] ~]# vgdisplay | grep "Free  PE"

Free  PE / Size       12799 / 50.00 GiB

[[email protected] ~]# lvcreate -L 10G -n lv_kvm_node1 vg_data

2，使用创建的LV安装Guest

[[email protected] ~]# virt-install \

--name kvm_node1 \ //定义虚拟机名字

--noautoconsole \ //使用本选项指定不自动试图连接到客户机控制台

--ram 1024 \ //指定虚拟机内存大小，单位M

--arch=x86_64 \ //指定CPU架构

--vcpus=1 \ //指定虚拟cpu个数

--os-type=linux \ //指定安装系统类型

--os-variant=rhel5 \ //指定特定版本

--hvm \ //使用全虚拟化

--accelerate \ //使用内核加速功能

--disk path=/dev/vg_data/lv_kvm_node1 \

--network bridge=br0 \

--location nfs:192.168.194.253:/var/ftp/pub/iso/RedHat/5.9 \

--extra-args="ks=http://192.168.194.253/rhel-ks.cfg ip=192.168.194.10 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.194.253 dns=192.168.194.253 noipv6"    //可以写成脚本

3，设置模板虚拟机，去掉一些个性信息（在kvm_node1操作）

[[email protected] ~]# touch   /.unconfigured

4，生成快照

LVM快照

快照就是将当时的系统信息记录下来，就好像照相记录一样。未来若有任何数据更改，则原始数据会被放入到快照区，没有被更改的区域则由快照区与文件系统共享。

[[email protected] ~]# lvcreate -s -L 20G -n lv_node1  /dev/vg_data/lv_data

//指定快照大小名字

5，定义到virt-manager

[[email protected] ~]# virsh dumpxml kvm_node1 > /root/kvm_snap1.xml  //虚拟机系统的名字

[[email protected] ~]# uuidgen

d2d8fe52-d244-46e5-97fb-7da9440d785b

修改 /root/kvm_snap1.xml文件（名字,UUID,磁盘位置，mac地址）

[[email protected] ~]# virsh define /root/kvm_snap1.xml

6，删除虚拟机

[[email protected] ~]# virsh undefine kvm_snap1

使用qcow2管理KVM虚拟机磁盘

目前主要有那些格式来作为虚拟机的镜像：

raw 默认，不支持快照

cow

qcow

qcow2 qcow2的性能上接近raw裸格式的性能

vmdk VMware格式

vdi

KVM虚拟化+PKE无人值守安装,布布扣,bubuko.com