最近一段时间学习了springboot,所以熟悉一下mvc中常用的注解，这样可以方便开发
简介：
@RequestMapping
RequestMapping是一个用来处理请求地址映射的注解，可用于类或方法上。用于类上，表示类中的所有响应请求的方法都是以该地址作为父路径。
RequestMapping注解有六个属性，下面我们把她分成三类进行说明。
1、 value， method；
value： 指定请求的实际地址，指定的地址可以是URI Template 模式（后面将会说明）；
method： 指定请求的method类型， GET、POST、PUT、DELETE等；
2、 consumes，produces；
consumes： 指定处理请求的提交内容类型（Content-Type），例如application/json, text/html;
produces: 指定返回的内容类型，仅当request请求头中的(Accept)类型中包含该指定类型才返回；
3、 params，headers；
params： 指定request中必须包含某些参数值是，才让该方法处理。
headers： 指定request中必须包含某些指定的header值，才能让该方法处理请求。
示例：
1、value / method 示例
默认RequestMapping("....str...")即为value的值；
1 @Controller
2 @RequestMapping("/appointments")
3 public class AppointmentsController {
4
5 private AppointmentBook appointmentBook;
6
7 @Autowired
8 public AppointmentsController(AppointmentBook appointmentBook) {
9 this.appointmentBook = appointmentBook;
10 }
11
12 @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
13 public Map<String, Appointment> get() {
14 return appointmentBook.getAppointmentsForToday();
15 }
16
17 @RequestMapping(value="/{day}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
18 public Map<String, Appointment> getForDay(@PathVariable @DateTimeFormat(iso=ISO.DATE) Date day, Model model) {
19 return appointmentBook.getAppointmentsForDay(day);
20 }
21
22 @RequestMapping(value="/new", method = RequestMethod.GET)
23 public AppointmentForm getNewForm() {
24 return new AppointmentForm();
25 }
26
27 @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
28 public String add(@Valid AppointmentForm appointment, BindingResult result) {
29 if (result.hasErrors()) {
30 return "appointments/new";
31 }
32 appointmentBook.addAppointment(appointment);
33 return "redirect:/appointments";
34 }
35 }
value的uri值为以下三类：
A） 可以指定为普通的具体值；
B) 可以指定为含有某变量的一类值(URI Template Patterns with Path Variables)；
C) 可以指定为含正则表达式的一类值( URI Template Patterns with Regular Expressions);
example B)
@RequestMapping(value="/owners/{ownerId}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String findOwner(@PathVariable String ownerId, Model model) {
Owner owner = ownerService.findOwner(ownerId);
model.addAttribute("owner", owner);
return "displayOwner";
}
example C)
@RequestMapping("/spring-web/{symbolicName:[a-z-]+}-{version:\d\.\d\.\d}.{extension:\.[a-z]}")
public void handle(@PathVariable String version, @PathVariable String extension) {
// ...
}
}
2 consumes、produces 示例
cousumes的样例：
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/pets", method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes="application/json")
public void addPet(@RequestBody Pet pet, Model model) {
// implementation omitted
}
方法仅处理request Content-Type为“application/json”类型的请求。
produces的样例：
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/pets/{petId}", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces="application/json")
@ResponseBody
public Pet getPet(@PathVariable String petId, Model model) {
// implementation omitted
}
方法仅处理request请求中Accept头中包含了"application/json"的请求，同时暗示了返回的内容类型为application/json;
3 params、headers 示例
params的样例：
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}")
public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/pets/{petId}", method = RequestMethod.GET, params="myParam=myValue")
public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {
// implementation omitted
}
}
仅处理请求中包含了名为“myParam”，值为“myValue”的请求；
headers的样例：
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}")
public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/pets", method = RequestMethod.GET, headers="Referer=http://www.ifeng.com/")
public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {
// implementation omitted
}
}
@RequestBody
作用：
i) 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上；
ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上。
使用时机：
A) GET、POST方式提时， 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded， 可选（即非必须，因为这种情况的数据@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以处理，当然@RequestBody也能处理）；
- multipart/form-data, 不能处理（即使用@RequestBody不能处理这种格式的数据）；
- 其他格式， 必须（其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。这些格式的数据，必须使用@RequestBody来处理）；
B) PUT方式提交时， 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded， 必须；
- multipart/form-data, 不能处理；
- 其他格式， 必须；
说明：request的body部分的数据编码格式由header部分的Content-Type指定；
@ResponseBody
作用：
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区。
使用时机：
返回的数据不是html标签的页面，而是其他某种格式的数据时（如json、xml等）使用；
HttpMessageConverter
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;">/**
* Strategy interface that specifies a converter that can convert from and to HTTP requests and responses.
*
* @author Arjen Poutsma
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @since 3.0
*/
public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> {
/**
* Indicates whether the given class can be read by this converter.
* @param clazz the class to test for readability
* @param mediaType the media type to read, can be {@code null} if not specified.
* Typically the value of a {@code Content-Type} header.
* @return {@code true} if readable; {@code false} otherwise
*/
boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);
/**
* Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter.
* @param clazz the class to test for writability
* @param mediaType the media type to write, can be {@code null} if not specified.
* Typically the value of an {@code Accept} header.
* @return {@code true} if writable; {@code false} otherwise
*/
boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);
/**
* Return the list of {@link MediaType} objects supported by this converter.
* @return the list of supported media types
*/
List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes();
/**
* Read an object of the given type form the given input message, and returns it.
* @param clazz the type of object to return. This type must have previously been passed to the
* {@link #canRead canRead} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}.
* @param inputMessage the HTTP input message to read from
* @return the converted object
* @throws IOException in case of I/O errors
* @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException in case of conversion errors
*/
T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException;
/**
* Write an given object to the given output message.
* @param t the object to write to the output message. The type of this object must have previously been
* passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}.
* @param contentType the content type to use when writing. May be {@code null} to indicate that the
* default content type of the converter must be used. If not {@code null}, this media type must have
* previously been passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have
* returned {@code true}.
* @param outputMessage the message to write to
* @throws IOException in case of I/O errors
* @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException in case of conversion errors
*/
void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException;
}
</span>
该接口定义了四个方法，分别是读取数据时的 canRead(), read() 和 写入数据时的canWrite(), write()方法。
在使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />标签配置时，默认配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter（注意是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,详情查看Spring 3.1 document “16.14 Configuring Spring MVC”章节），并为他配置了一下默认的HttpMessageConverter：
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter converts byte arrays.
StringHttpMessageConverter converts strings.
ResourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from org.springframework.core.io.Resource for all media types.
SourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from a javax.xml.transform.Source.
FormHttpMessageConverter converts form data to/from a MultiValueMap<String, String>.
Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter converts Java objects to/from XML — added if JAXB2 is present on the classpath.
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter converts to/from JSON — added if Jackson is present on the classpath.
AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter converts Atom feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.
RssChannelHttpMessageConverter converts RSS feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取二进制格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据；
StringHttpMessageConverter： 负责读取字符串格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据；
ResourceHttpMessageConverter：负责读取资源文件和写出资源文件数据；
FormHttpMessageConverter： 负责读取form提交的数据（能读取的数据格式为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded，不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据）；负责写入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据；
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入json格式的数据；
SouceHttpMessageConverter： 负责读取和写入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定义的数据；
Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入xml 标签格式的数据；
AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入Atom格式的数据；
RssChannelHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取和写入RSS格式的数据；
当使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解时，RequestMappingHandlerAdapter就使用它们来进行读取或者写入相应格式的数据。
HttpMessageConverter匹配过程：
@RequestBody注解时： 根据Request对象header部分的Content-Type类型，逐一匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据；
spring 3.1源代码如下：
private Object readWithMessageConverters(MethodParameter methodParam, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, Class paramType)
throws Exception {
MediaType contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
if (contentType == null) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType()));
String paramName = methodParam.getParameterName();
if (paramName != null) {
builder.append(‘ ‘);
builder.append(paramName);
}
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(
"Cannot extract parameter (" + builder.toString() + "): no Content-Type found");
}
List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>();
if (this.messageConverters != null) {
for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) {
allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
if (messageConverter.canRead(paramType, contentType)) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Reading [" + paramType.getName() + "] as \"" + contentType
+"\" using [" + messageConverter + "]");
}
return messageConverter.read(paramType, inputMessage);
}
}
}
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, allSupportedMediaTypes);
}
@ResponseBody注解时： 根据Request对象header部分的Accept属性（逗号分隔），逐一按accept中的类型，去遍历找到能处理的HttpMessageConverter；
源代码如下：
private void writeWithMessageConverters(Object returnValue,
HttpInputMessage inputMessage, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException {
List<MediaType> acceptedMediaTypes = inputMessage.getHeaders().getAccept();
if (acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
acceptedMediaTypes = Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);
}
MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes);
Class<?> returnValueType = returnValue.getClass();
List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>();
if (getMessageConverters() != null) {
for (MediaType acceptedMediaType : acceptedMediaTypes) {
for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : getMessageConverters()) {
if (messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType, acceptedMediaType)) {
messageConverter.write(returnValue, acceptedMediaType, outputMessage);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
if (contentType == null) {
contentType = acceptedMediaType;
}
logger.debug("Written [" + returnValue + "] as \"" + contentType +
"\" using [" + messageConverter + "]");
}
this.responseArgumentUsed = true;
return;
}
}
}
for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : messageConverters) {
allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());
}
}
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes);
}
补充：
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 调用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法，使用@ResponseBody注解返回的对象就传入Object参数内。若返回的对象为已经格式化好的json串时，不使用@RequestBody注解，而应该这样处理：
1、response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
2、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
直接输出到body区，然后的视图为void。