基础
看了岑安大大的教程学习了3d基础,之前写了篇总结,觉得写的太散废话太多,重写一篇。
本文需要实现的效果如下:3d球
岑安的两篇教程写的很棒,但我感觉改变下顺序或许会更好理解。
我们把画布(此文所讲所见所得均基于canvas)的中心当做是一个空间三维系的中心,画布的x和y轴正方向分别当做三维系的x和y轴的正方向,把垂直画布向内当做z轴正方向,那么三维系大致如下图:
我们假设空间中有个点在围绕y轴转动,那么转动的轨迹就是个圆;如果画面感强的画,可以想象出就像地球上的某个点由于地球的自转做的向心运动。那么问题来了,如果三维系里的某个点围绕y轴转动确定的角度后,能计算出转动后的三维坐标吗?
答案是肯定的,空间上的某个点(已知三维坐标)围绕x轴y轴或者z轴转动一定角度后,都能计算出相应的三维坐标。
过程貌似是个线性代数里的矩阵变换,数学渣渣跪...
直接把它写在矢量类里了:
// 矢量旋转 Vector3.prototype.rotateX = function(angleX) { var cosx = Math.cos(angleX); var sinx = Math.sin(angleX); var y1 = this.y * cosx - this.z * sinx; var z1 = this.y * sinx + this.z * cosx; this.y = y1; this.z = z1; }; Vector3.prototype.rotateY = function(angleY) { var cosy = Math.cos(angleY); var siny = Math.sin(angleY); var x1 = this.z * siny + this.x * cosy; var z1 = this.z * cosy - this.x * siny; this.x = x1; this.z = z1; };
更近一步,空间上的某个点围绕任意轴转动一定角度,都能计算出转动后的三维坐标。有兴趣的可以参考【自己给自己题目做】:如何在Canvas上实现魔方效果
那么就好办了,我们在三维空间初始化一些点(当做球心),随意赋给他们xyz坐标值,随意设定旋转角度,那么旋转后的xyz值也能很轻松地得到了!当然有了这些还只是成功了一半,我们的canvas只支持2d,如果支持3d问题就解决了,我们还得把三维降到二维上。我们知道,如果一个球在三维系上围绕y轴转动,球的大小是不会变化的,但是如果体现在二维上,z值越大时,球体在视觉上的体现就是越小(跟z值有关);在三维上,y值是不会变化的,但是在二维视觉上的体现不应该是这样,y值是应该变化的(跟z值有关)。另一方面,球体的任意角度视图都是一个圆形。
于是我们需要“把z方向扁平化”,即把z轴数值的大小体现在x和y上:
// focalLength 表示当前焦距,一般可设为一个常量 var focalLength = 250; // 把z方向扁平化 var scale = focalLength / (focalLength + this.z); this.x2 = this.garden.vpx + this.x * scale; this.y2 = this.garden.vpy + this.y * scale; this.radius = this.ballR * scale;
z方向扁平化使得z方向的值体现在x、y和r的大小以及球的透明度等变量上,一方面由于球体的旋转我们需要时刻调整球体在三维系上的坐标,另一方面在draw的时候需要计算二维上的坐标。
所以简单的来说:
-
- 初始化球心在三维系上的坐标以及球的颜色半径等属性(三维系原点的设定)
- 将三维降到二维,绘制
- 根据旋转角度重新计算三维坐标
- 将三维降到二维,绘制
- 反复重复
这里还有个注意点就是每帧重绘时,根据小球在三维系的z值排个序,因为后面的会被前面的挡住,所以绘制应该有个顺序。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title> rotate 3d</title>
<script>
window.onload = function() {
var canvas = document.getElementById(‘canvas‘);
var ctx = canvas.getContext(‘2d‘);
var garden = new Garden(canvas);
// 设置原点(一般为画布中心)
garden.setBasePoint(500, 250);
// 构造三维系上的点
for(var i = 0; i < 10; i++)
garden.createBall();
// 设置监听
garden.setListener();
// 渲染
setInterval(function() {garden.render();}, 1000 / 60);
};
function Garden(canvas) {
this.canvas = canvas;
this.ctx = this.canvas.getContext(‘2d‘);
// 三维系在二维上的原点
this.vpx = undefined;
this.vpy = undefined;
this.balls = [];
this.angleY = 0;
this.angleX = 0;
}
Garden.prototype = {
setBasePoint: function(x, y) {
this.vpx = x;
this.vpy = y;
},
createBall: function(x, y, z, ballR) {
this.balls.push(new Ball(this, x, y, z, ballR));
},
render: function() {
this.ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.canvas.width, this.canvas.height);
this.balls.sort(function (a, b) {return b.z - a.z });
for(var i = 0; i < this.balls.length; i++) {
this.balls[i].rotateY();
this.balls[i].rotateX();
this.balls[i].draw(i);
}
},
setListener: function() {
var that = this;
document.addEventListener(‘mousemove‘, function(event){
var x = event.clientX - that.vpx;
var y = event.clientY - that.vpy;
that.angleY = -x * 0.0001;
that.angleX = y * 0.0001;
});
}
};
function Ball(garden, x, y, z, ballR) {
this.garden = garden;
// 三维上坐标
this.x = x === undefined? Math.random() * 200 - 100: x;
this.y = y === undefined? Math.random() * 200 - 100: y;
this.z = z === undefined? Math.random() * 200 - 100: z;
this.r = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
this.g = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
this.b = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
// 三维上半径
this.ballR = ballR === undefined? 10 + Math.random() * 10: ballR;
// 二维上半径
this.radius = undefined;
// 二维上坐标
this.x2 = undefined;
this.y2 = undefined;
}
Ball.prototype = {
// 绕y轴变化,得出新的x,z坐标
rotateY: function() {
var cosy = Math.cos(this.garden.angleY);
var siny = Math.sin(this.garden.angleY);
var x1 = this.z * siny + this.x * cosy;
var z1 = this.z * cosy - this.x * siny;
this.x = x1;
this.z = z1;
},
// 绕x轴变化,得出新的y,z坐标
rotateX: function() {
var cosx = Math.cos(this.garden.angleX);
var sinx = Math.sin(this.garden.angleX);
var y1 = this.y * cosx - this.z * sinx;
var z1 = this.y * sinx + this.z * cosx;
this.y = y1;
this.z = z1;
},
draw: function(a) {
// focalLength 表示当前焦距,一般可设为一个常量
var focalLength = 300;
// 把z方向扁平化
var scale = focalLength / (focalLength + this.z);
this.x2 = this.garden.vpx + this.x * scale;
this.y2 = this.garden.vpy + this.y * scale;
this.radius = this.ballR * scale;
this.garden.ctx.beginPath();
this.garden.ctx.fillStyle = ‘rgba(‘+this.r+‘,‘+this.g+‘,‘+this.b+‘,‘+ Math.min(1, scale)+‘)‘;
this.garden.ctx.arc(this.x2, this.y2, this.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2 , true);
this.garden.ctx.fill();
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body bgcolor=‘#000‘>
<canvas id=‘canvas‘ width=1000 height=600 style=‘background-color:rgb(0,0,0)‘>
This browser does not support html5.
</canvas>
</body>
</html>
3d标签云
有了以上的基础,可以动手做个3d标签云。理论上3d标签云中的标签应该是个a标签,是可以点击跳转的,这里为了方便,不添加点击跳转功能了(直接在canvas上)。
思路应该很简单,在一个球面上初始化一些点,把球换成文字就可以了。
怎样构造球体获得坐标?充分认识到了数学的必要性...
不懂数学,试了下觉得角度的取值有两种方法:
- (0 <= θ <= PI && 0 <= Φ <= 2 * PI)
- (0 <= θ <= 2 * PI && 0 <= Φ <= PI)
可以验证x*x+y*y+z*z确实等于r*r。
有了公式,我们可以枚举角度获得坐标。
如果有n个点,我需要平均分配在球面上,怎么做?我们引入第二个公式:
初始化坐标:
var all = 100; // 100个 for(var i = 1; i <= all; i++) { var a1 = Math.acos(1 - (2 * i) / all); var a2 = a1 * Math.sqrt(all * Math.PI); var x = 150 * Math.sin(a1) * Math.cos(a2); // r = 150 var y = 150 * Math.sin(a1) * Math.sin(a2); var z = 150 * Math.cos(a1); garden.createBall(x, y, z); }
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title> rotate 3d</title>
<script>
window.onload = function() {
var canvas = document.getElementById(‘canvas‘);
var ctx = canvas.getContext(‘2d‘);
var garden = new Garden(canvas);
// x=r*sinθ*cosΦ y=r*sinθ*sinΦ z=r*cosθ;
// θ = arccos((2*num-1)/all - 1);
// Φ = θ*sqrt(all * π);
// for(var i = 0; i <= 90; i += 5)
// for(var j = 90; j <= 90; j += 5) {
// var a1 = Math.PI / 180 * i;
// var a2 = Math.PI / 180 * j;
// var x = 150 * Math.sin(a1) * Math.cos(a2);
// var y = 150 * Math.sin(a1) * Math.sin(a2);
// var z = 150 * Math.cos(a1);
// garden.createBall(x, y, z);
// }
var all = 30;
for(var i = 1; i <= all; i++) {
var a1 = Math.acos(1- (2 * i) / all);
var a2 = a1 * Math.sqrt(all * Math.PI);
var x = 150 * Math.sin(a1) * Math.cos(a2);
var y = 150 * Math.sin(a1) * Math.sin(a2);
var z = 150 * Math.cos(a1);
garden.createBall(x, y, z);
}
document.addEventListener("mousemove" , function(event){
var x = event.clientX - garden.vpx;
var y = event.clientY - garden.vpy;
garden.angleY = -x * 0.0001;
garden.angleX = y * 0.0001;
});
setInterval(function() {garden.render();}, 1000/60);
};
function Garden(canvas, vpx, vpy) {
this.canvas = canvas;
this.ctx = this.canvas.getContext(‘2d‘);
// 三维系在二维上的原点
this.vpx = vpx === undefined? 500: vpx;
this.vpy = vpy === undefined? 250: vpy;
this.balls = [];
this.angleY = 0;
this.angleX = 0;
}
Garden.prototype = {
createBall: function(x, y, z) {
this.balls.push(new Ball(this, x, y, z));
},
render: function() {
this.ctx.clearRect(0,0,1000,500)
this.balls.sort(function (a, b) {return b.z-a.z })
for(var i = 0; i < this.balls.length; i++) {
this.balls[i].rotateY();
this.balls[i].rotateX();
this.balls[i].draw();
}
}
};
function Ball(garden, x, y, z, angleX, angleY, ballR) {
this.garden = garden;
// 三维下坐标
this.x = x === undefined? Math.random() * 200 - 100: x;
this.y = y === undefined? Math.random() * 200 - 100: y;
this.z = z === undefined? Math.random() * 200 - 100: z;
this.r = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
this.g = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
this.b = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
this.fontSize = (10 + 10 * Math.random());
this.angleX = 0;
// this.angleX = angleX || Math.PI / 200;
this.angleY = angleY === undefined? Math.PI / 100: angleY;
// 三维上半径
this.ballR = 1;
// 二维上半径
this.radius = undefined;
// 二维上坐标
this.x2 = undefined;
this.y2 = undefined;
}
Ball.prototype = {
// 绕y轴变化,得出新的x,z坐标
rotateY: function() {
var cosy = Math.cos(this.garden.angleY);
var siny = Math.sin(this.garden.angleY);
var x1 = this.z * siny + this.x * cosy;
var z1 = this.z * cosy - this.x * siny;
this.x = x1;
this.z = z1;
},
// 绕x轴变化,得出新的y,z坐标
rotateX: function() {
var cosx = Math.cos(this.garden.angleX);
var sinx = Math.sin(this.garden.angleX);
var y1 = this.y * cosx - this.z * sinx;
var z1 = this.y * sinx + this.z * cosx;
this.y = y1;
this.z = z1;
},
draw: function() {
// focalLength 表示当前焦距,一般可设为一个常量
var focalLength = 300;
// 把z方向扁平化
var scale = focalLength / (focalLength + this.z);
this.x2 = this.garden.vpx + this.x * scale;
this.y2 = this.garden.vpy + this.y * scale;
this.radius = this.ballR * scale;
this.garden.ctx.beginPath();
this.garden.ctx.fillStyle = ‘rgba(‘+this.r+‘,‘+this.g+‘,‘+this.b+‘,‘+ Math.min(1, scale)+‘)‘;
// this.garden.ctx.arc(this.x2, this.y2, this.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2 , true);
this.garden.ctx.font = ‘bold ‘ + this.fontSize * scale+ ‘px serif‘;
this.garden.ctx.textAlign = "left";
this.garden.ctx.textBaseline = "top";
this.garden.ctx.fillText(‘博客园‘, this.x2, this.y2);
this.garden.ctx.fill();
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body bgcolor=‘#000‘>
<canvas id=‘canvas‘ width=1000 height=500 style=‘background-color:rgb(0,0,0)‘>
This browser does not support html5.
</canvas>
</body>
</html>
其实利用这个球面公式还能做很多好看的效果,例如:3D旋转球(W·Axes)
点-线-面
有了点,根据点-线-面的原理,线和面也呼之欲出了。
稍微动点脑筋搞点创意,就能搞点看起来炫酷(实际上没花头)的小东东。
比如下面这样:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title> rotate 3d</title>
<script>
window.onload = function() {
var canvas = document.getElementById(‘canvas‘);
var ctx = canvas.getContext(‘2d‘);
var garden = new Garden(canvas);
// x=r*sinθ*cosΦ y=r*sinθ*sinΦ z=r*cosθ;
// θ = arccos((2*num-1)/all - 1);
// Φ = θ*sqrt(all * π);
// for(var i = 0; i <= 180; i += 10)
// for(var j = 0; j <= 360; j += 10) {
// var a1 = Math.PI / 180 * i;
// var a2 = Math.PI / 180 * j;
// var x = 150 * Math.sin(a1) * Math.cos(a2);
// var y = 150 * Math.sin(a1) * Math.sin(a2);
// var z = 150 * Math.cos(a1);
// garden.createBall(x, y, z);
// }
for(var i = 10; i <= 30; i += 0.2) {
var ans = getHeartPoint(i);
garden.createBall(ans[0], ans[1], -50);
garden.createBall(ans[0], ans[1], 0);
// ctx.beginPath();
// ctx.arc(ans[0], ans[1], 1, 0, Math.PI * 2, true);
// ctx.fill();
}
function getHeartPoint(angle) {
var t = angle / Math.PI;
var sx = 10;
var sy = -10;
var x = sx * (16 * Math.pow(Math.sin(t), 3));
var y = sy * (13 * Math.cos(t) - 5 * Math.cos(2 * t) - 2 * Math.cos(3 * t) - Math.cos(4 * t));
return new Array(x, y);
}
// var all = 50;
// for(var i = 1; i <= all; i++) {
// garden.createBall();
// }
document.addEventListener("mousemove" , function(event){
var x = event.clientX - garden.vpx;
var y = event.clientY - garden.vpy;
garden.angleY = -x * 0.0001;
garden.angleX = y * 0.0001;
});
setInterval(function() {garden.render();}, 1000/60);
// for(var i = 0; i < garden.balls.length; i++)
// console.log("%d %d %d", garden.balls[i].x, garden.balls[i].y, garden.balls[i].z)
};
function Garden(canvas, vpx, vpy) {
this.canvas = canvas;
this.ctx = this.canvas.getContext(‘2d‘);
// 三维系在二维上的原点
this.vpx = vpx === undefined? 500: vpx;
this.vpy = vpy === undefined? 250: vpy;
this.balls = [];
this.angleY = Math.PI / 180;
this.angleX = 0;
}
Garden.prototype = {
createBall: function(x, y, z) {
this.balls.push(new Ball(this, x, y, z));
},
render: function() {
this.ctx.clearRect(0,0,1600,700)
// this.balls.sort(function (a, b) {return b.z-a.z })
for(var i = 0; i < this.balls.length; i++) {
this.balls[i].rotateY();
this.balls[i].rotateX();
this.balls[i].draw(i);
}
}
};
function Ball(garden, x, y, z, angleX, angleY, ballR) {
this.garden = garden;
// 三维下坐标
this.x = x === undefined? Math.random() * 800 : x;
this.y = y === undefined? Math.random() * 200 : y;
this.z = z === undefined? Math.random() * 400 - 200: z;
this.r = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
this.g = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
this.b = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
this.fontSize = (10 + 10 * Math.random());
// this.angleX = 0;
// this.angleX = angleX || Math.PI / 200;
// this.angleY = angleY === undefined? Math.PI / 100: angleY;
// 三维上半径
this.ballR = 1;
// 二维上半径
this.radius = undefined;
// 二维上坐标
this.x2 = undefined;
this.y2 = undefined;
}
Ball.prototype = {
// 绕y轴变化,得出新的x,z坐标
rotateY: function() {
var cosy = Math.cos(this.garden.angleY);
var siny = Math.sin(this.garden.angleY);
var x1 = this.z * siny + this.x * cosy;
var z1 = this.z * cosy - this.x * siny;
this.x = x1;
this.z = z1;
},
// 绕x轴变化,得出新的y,z坐标
rotateX: function() {
var cosx = Math.cos(this.garden.angleX);
var sinx = Math.sin(this.garden.angleX);
var y1 = this.y * cosx - this.z * sinx;
var z1 = this.y * sinx + this.z * cosx;
this.y = y1;
this.z = z1;
},
draw: function(a) {
// focalLength 表示当前焦距,一般可设为一个常量
var focalLength = 300;
// 把z方向扁平化
var scale = focalLength / (focalLength + this.z);
this.x2 = this.garden.vpx + this.x * scale;
this.y2 = this.garden.vpy + this.y * scale;
this.radius = this.ballR * scale;
this.garden.ctx.beginPath();
this.garden.ctx.fillStyle = ‘rgba(‘+this.r+‘,‘+this.g+‘,‘+this.b+‘,‘+ Math.min(1, scale)+‘)‘;
this.garden.ctx.arc(this.x2, this.y2, this.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2 , true);
// this.garden.ctx.font = ‘bold ‘ + this.fontSize * scale+ ‘px serif‘;
// this.garden.ctx.textAlign = "left";
// this.garden.ctx.textBaseline = "top";
// this.garden.ctx.fillText(‘博客园‘, this.x2, this.y2);
this.garden.ctx.fill();
if(a % 4 === 3) {
var x1 = this.garden.balls[a - 3].x2;
var y1 = this.garden.balls[a - 3].y2;
var x2 = this.garden.balls[a - 2].x2;
var y2 = this.garden.balls[a - 2].y2;
var x3 = this.garden.balls[a - 1].x2;
var y3 = this.garden.balls[a - 1].y2;
var x4 = this.x2;
var y4 = this.y2;
this.garden.ctx.beginPath();
// this.garden.ctx.strokeStyle = ‘rgba(‘+this.r+‘,‘+this.g+‘,‘+this.b+‘,‘+ Math.min(1, scale)+‘)‘;
this.garden.ctx.moveTo(x1, y1);
this.garden.ctx.lineTo(x2, y2);
this.garden.ctx.lineTo(x4, y4);
this.garden.ctx.lineTo(x3, y3);
this.garden.ctx.closePath();
this.garden.ctx.fill();
// debugger;
}
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body bgcolor=‘#000‘>
<canvas id=‘canvas‘ width=1200 height=500 style=‘background-color:rgb(0,0,0)‘>
This browser does not support html5.
</canvas>
</body>
</html>
或者这样:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title> rotate 3d</title>
<script>
window.onload = function() {
var canvas = document.getElementById(‘canvas‘);
var ctx = canvas.getContext(‘2d‘);
var garden = new Garden(canvas);
for(var i = 10; i <= 30; i += 0.2) {
var ans = getHeartPoint(i);
garden.createBall(ans[0], ans[1], -50);
garden.createBall(ans[0], ans[1], 0);
}
function getHeartPoint(angle) {
var t = angle / Math.PI;
var sx = 10;
var sy = -10;
var x = sx * (16 * Math.pow(Math.sin(t), 3));
var y = sy * (13 * Math.cos(t) - 5 * Math.cos(2 * t) - 2 * Math.cos(3 * t) - Math.cos(4 * t));
return new Array(x, y);
}
document.addEventListener("mousemove" , function(event){
var x = event.clientX - garden.vpx;
var y = event.clientY - garden.vpy;
garden.angleY = -x * 0.0001;
garden.angleX = y * 0.0001;
});
setInterval(function() {garden.render();}, 1000/60);
};
function Garden(canvas, vpx, vpy) {
this.canvas = canvas;
this.ctx = this.canvas.getContext(‘2d‘);
// 三维系在二维上的原点
this.vpx = vpx === undefined? 500: vpx;
this.vpy = vpy === undefined? 250: vpy;
this.balls = [];
this.angleY = Math.PI / 180;
this.angleX = 0;
}
Garden.prototype = {
createBall: function(x, y, z) {
this.balls.push(new Ball(this, x, y, z));
},
render: function() {
this.ctx.clearRect(0,0,1600,700)
// this.balls.sort(function (a, b) {return b.z-a.z })
// alert(this.balls.length)
for(var i = 0; i < this.balls.length; i++) {
this.balls[i].rotateY();
this.balls[i].rotateX();
this.balls[i].draw(i);
}
}
};
function Ball(garden, x, y, z, angleX, angleY, ballR) {
this.garden = garden;
// 三维下坐标
this.x = x === undefined? Math.random() * 800 : x;
this.y = y === undefined? Math.random() * 200 : y;
this.z = z === undefined? Math.random() * 400 - 200: z;
this.r = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
this.g = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
this.b = Math.floor(Math.random() * 255);
this.fontSize = (10 + 10 * Math.random());
// 三维上半径
this.ballR = 1;
// 二维上半径
this.radius = undefined;
// 二维上坐标
this.x2 = undefined;
this.y2 = undefined;
}
Ball.prototype = {
// 绕y轴变化,得出新的x,z坐标
rotateY: function() {
var cosy = Math.cos(this.garden.angleY);
var siny = Math.sin(this.garden.angleY);
var x1 = this.z * siny + this.x * cosy;
var z1 = this.z * cosy - this.x * siny;
this.x = x1;
this.z = z1;
},
// 绕x轴变化,得出新的y,z坐标
rotateX: function() {
var cosx = Math.cos(this.garden.angleX);
var sinx = Math.sin(this.garden.angleX);
var y1 = this.y * cosx - this.z * sinx;
var z1 = this.y * sinx + this.z * cosx;
this.y = y1;
this.z = z1;
},
draw: function(a) {
// focalLength 表示当前焦距,一般可设为一个常量
var focalLength = 300;
// 把z方向扁平化
var scale = focalLength / (focalLength + this.z);
this.x2 = this.garden.vpx + this.x * scale;
this.y2 = this.garden.vpy + this.y * scale;
this.radius = this.ballR * scale;
this.garden.ctx.beginPath();
this.garden.ctx.fillStyle = ‘rgba(‘+this.r+‘,‘+this.g+‘,‘+this.b+‘,‘+ Math.min(1, scale)+‘)‘;
// this.garden.ctx.arc(this.x2, this.y2, this.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2 , true);
// this.garden.ctx.font = ‘bold ‘ + this.fontSize * scale+ ‘px serif‘;
// this.garden.ctx.textAlign = "left";
// this.garden.ctx.textBaseline = "top";
// this.garden.ctx.fillText(‘博客园‘, this.x2, this.y2);
// this.garden.ctx.fill();
if(a % 4 === 3 || (a % 4 === 1 && a != 1)) {
var x1 = this.garden.balls[a - 3].x2;
var y1 = this.garden.balls[a - 3].y2;
var x2 = this.garden.balls[a - 2].x2;
var y2 = this.garden.balls[a - 2].y2;
var x3 = this.garden.balls[a - 1].x2;
var y3 = this.garden.balls[a - 1].y2;
var x4 = this.x2;
var y4 = this.y2;
this.garden.ctx.beginPath();
this.garden.ctx.fillStyle = ‘rgba(‘+‘255‘+‘,‘+‘0‘+‘,‘+‘0‘+‘,‘+ Math.min(1, scale)+‘)‘;
this.garden.ctx.moveTo(x1, y1);
this.garden.ctx.lineTo(x2, y2);
this.garden.ctx.lineTo(x4, y4);
this.garden.ctx.lineTo(x3, y3);
this.garden.ctx.closePath();
console.log(‘%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d‘, x1, y1, x2, y2, x4, y4, x3, y3)
this.garden.ctx.fill();
this.garden.ctx.beginPath();
this.garden.ctx.strokeStyle = ‘rgba(‘+‘255‘+‘,‘+‘0‘+‘,‘+‘0‘+‘,‘+ Math.min(1, scale)+‘)‘;
this.garden.ctx.moveTo(x4, y4);
this.garden.ctx.lineTo(x3, y3);
this.garden.ctx.lineWidth = 1;
// this.garden.ctx.stroke();
debugger;
}
if(a !== 201) return;
this.garden.ctx.fillStyle = ‘red‘
this.garden.ctx.beginPath();
var x = this.garden.balls[0].x2;
var y = this.garden.balls[0].y2;
this.garden.ctx.moveTo(x, y);
for(var i = 2; i <= 200; i+=2) {
var x = this.garden.balls[i].x2;
var y = this.garden.balls[i].y2;
this.garden.ctx.lineTo(x, y);
}
this.garden.ctx.closePath();
this.garden.ctx.fill();
this.garden.ctx.beginPath();
var x = this.garden.balls[1].x2;
var y = this.garden.balls[1].y2;
this.garden.ctx.moveTo(x, y);
for(var i = 3; i <= 201; i+=2) {
var x = this.garden.balls[i].x2;
var y = this.garden.balls[i].y2;
this.garden.ctx.lineTo(x, y);
}
this.garden.ctx.closePath();
this.garden.ctx.fill();
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body bgcolor=‘#000‘>
<canvas id=‘canvas‘ width=1000 height=500 style=‘background-color:rgb(0,0,0)‘>
This browser does not support html5.
</canvas>
</body>
</html>
再添点东西加点文字音效,表个白什么的还是不错的。
更多demo:
不得不感叹数学的奇妙,有时改变一个数值就能出现完全不同的效果。
更多数学公式请参考:Famous Curves Index
总结
学习3d主要是为了做粒子特效。
这只是很基础的入门,我也只会这么点,有更进一步兴趣的可以参考岑安、当耐特、W·Axes或者miloyip的博客。
岑安的JCanvas也可以看看,添加了很多事件代理。