在上一篇文章(Service使用方式)中,介绍了Android进程间通信(IPC)的使用,并给出了一个示例。但并没有深入分析aidl是怎样可以做到进程间通信的,它的执行过程是怎样的?
这篇文章来分析IRemoteService.aidl的执行过程,并理解aidl是怎样跨进程通信的。
当我们创建IRemoteService.aidl文件时,IDE会为我们在gen目录中创建相应的文件。
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- /** This file is auto-generated. DO NOT MODIFY.
- * Original file: F:\\workspace\\AndroidImprove\\src\\com\\example\\aidl\\IRemoteService.aidl
- */
- package com.example.aidl;
- public interface IRemoteService extends android.os.IInterface
- {
- /** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */
- public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.example.aidl.IRemoteService
- {
- private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.example.aidl.IRemoteService";
- /** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */
- public Stub()
- {
- this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
- }
- /**
- * Cast an IBinder object into an com.example.aidl.IRemoteService interface,
- * generating a proxy if needed.
- */
- public static com.example.aidl.IRemoteService asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj)
- {
- if ((obj==null)) {
- return null;
- }
- android.os.IInterface iin = (android.os.IInterface)obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
- if (((iin!=null)&&(iin instanceof com.example.aidl.IRemoteService))) {
- return ((com.example.aidl.IRemoteService)iin);
- }
- return new com.example.aidl.IRemoteService.Stub.Proxy(obj);
- }
- public android.os.IBinder asBinder()
- {
- return this;
- }
- @Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException
- {
- switch (code)
- {
- case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:
- {
- reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
- return true;
- }
- case TRANSACTION_register:
- {
- data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
- com.example.aidl.IRemoteCallback _arg0;
- _arg0 = com.example.aidl.IRemoteCallback.Stub.asInterface(data.readStrongBinder());
- this.register(_arg0);
- reply.writeNoException();
- return true;
- }
- case TRANSACTION_unregister:
- {
- data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
- com.example.aidl.IRemoteCallback _arg0;
- _arg0 = com.example.aidl.IRemoteCallback.Stub.asInterface(data.readStrongBinder());
- this.unregister(_arg0);
- reply.writeNoException();
- return true;
- }
- case TRANSACTION_execute:
- {
- data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
- this.execute();
- reply.writeNoException();
- return true;
- }
- case TRANSACTION_getStatus:
- {
- data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
- java.lang.String _arg0;
- _arg0 = data.readString();
- int _result = this.getStatus(_arg0);
- reply.writeNoException();
- reply.writeInt(_result);
- return true;
- }
- }
- return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
- }
- private static class Proxy implements com.example.aidl.IRemoteService
- {
- private android.os.IBinder mRemote;
- Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote)
- {
- mRemote = remote;
- }
- public android.os.IBinder asBinder()
- {
- return mRemote;
- }
- public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor()
- {
- return DESCRIPTOR;
- }
- //注册回调
- public void register(com.example.aidl.IRemoteCallback callback) throws android.os.RemoteException
- {
- android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
- android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
- try {
- _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
- _data.writeStrongBinder((((callback!=null))?(callback.asBinder()):(null)));
- mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_register, _data, _reply, 0);
- _reply.readException();
- }
- finally {
- _reply.recycle();
- _data.recycle();
- }
- }
- //取消注册回调
- public void unregister(com.example.aidl.IRemoteCallback callback) throws android.os.RemoteException
- {
- android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
- android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
- try {
- _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
- _data.writeStrongBinder((((callback!=null))?(callback.asBinder()):(null)));
- mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_unregister, _data, _reply, 0);
- _reply.readException();
- }
- finally {
- _reply.recycle();
- _data.recycle();
- }
- }
- //执行回调
- public void execute() throws android.os.RemoteException
- {
- android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
- android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
- try {
- _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
- mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_execute, _data, _reply, 0);
- _reply.readException();
- }
- finally {
- _reply.recycle();
- _data.recycle();
- }
- }
- //获取状态
- public int getStatus(java.lang.String flag) throws android.os.RemoteException
- {
- android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
- android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
- int _result;
- try {
- _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
- _data.writeString(flag);
- mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getStatus, _data, _reply, 0);
- _reply.readException();
- _result = _reply.readInt();
- }
- finally {
- _reply.recycle();
- _data.recycle();
- }
- return _result;
- }
- }
- static final int TRANSACTION_register = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);
- static final int TRANSACTION_unregister = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1);
- static final int TRANSACTION_execute = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 2);
- static final int TRANSACTION_getStatus = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 3);
- }
- //注册回调
- public void register(com.example.aidl.IRemoteCallback callback) throws android.os.RemoteException;
- //取消注册回调
- public void unregister(com.example.aidl.IRemoteCallback callback) throws android.os.RemoteException;
- //执行回调
- public void execute() throws android.os.RemoteException;
- //获取状态
- public int getStatus(java.lang.String flag) throws android.os.RemoteException;
- }
在ClientActivity绑定远程Service并建立连接时会调用ServiceConnection.onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service)
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- public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
- remoteService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);
- //注册回调
- try {
- remoteService.register(remoteCallback);
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
IBinder service是从RemoteService返回的IRemoteService.Stub iBinder,这个对象是Server应用进程中的对象。
IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service)在本地创建了一个代理
public static com.example.aidl.IRemoteService asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj)
{
if ((obj==null)) {
return null;
}
android.os.IInterface iin = (android.os.IInterface)obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);//这里肯定返回null
if (((iin!=null)&&(iin instanceof com.example.aidl.IRemoteService))) {
return ((com.example.aidl.IRemoteService)iin);
}
return new com.example.aidl.IRemoteService.Stub.Proxy(obj);//创建一个本地代理
}
当使用remoteService调用方法时,其实是调用了本地com.example.aidl.IRemoteService.Stub.Proxy对象的方法,从Proxy方法中可以看到,每个方法都执行了mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_xxx, _data, _reply, 0);。
如:
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- //获取状态
- public int getStatus(java.lang.String flag) throws android.os.RemoteException
- {
- android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
- android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
- int _result;
- try {
- _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
- _data.writeString(flag);
- mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getStatus, _data, _reply, 0);
- _reply.readException();
- _result = _reply.readInt();
- }
- finally {
- _reply.recycle();
- _data.recycle();
- }
- return _result;
- }
这一过程是把Client端的参数转换成Parcel(_data)传递到Server端,而在Server端又会把返回数据保存到_reply中,这就形成了一次交互。
mRemote是远程对象,transact方法会执行onTransact方法
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- public final boolean transact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply,
- int flags) throws RemoteException {
- if (Config.LOGV) Log.v("Binder", "Transact: " + code + " to " + this);
- if (data != null) {
- data.setDataPosition(0);
- }
- boolean r = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
- if (reply != null) {
- reply.setDataPosition(0);
- }
- return r;
- }
这样就会执行远程的onTransact方法,
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- case TRANSACTION_getStatus:
- {
- data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
- java.lang.String _arg0;
- _arg0 = data.readString();
- int _result = this.getStatus(_arg0);
- reply.writeNoException();
- reply.writeInt(_result);
- return true;
- }
注意 int _result = this.getStatus(_arg0);,这就调用了Server端的getStatus(String flag),并把返回结果写到Client端的代理Proxy对象的_reply中
到此,aidl通信过程就完成了。
PS: aidl通信有点复杂,但仔细分析并不是很难