环境准备 虚拟机：vmware workstation 11 linux系统：centos7.3,centos6.8 bind安装：yum install bind DNS主服务器A：环境:centos7.3 IP:172.16.252.35 DNS主机名：dns1.ilinux.io. DNS从服务器B: 环境:centos6.8 IP:10.0.0.68 DNS主机名：dns2.ilinux.io (为后续实验准备) 虚拟域名:www.ilinux.io bind主配置文件修改(centos7.3,6.8皆修改)： #注：仅列出options{}中更改的内容，其余不变 vi /etc/named.conf options { //listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; }; #默认允许所有IP监听53端口 //listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; // allow-query { localhost; }; #关闭仅允许本机解析 dnssec-enable no; #为了方便，关闭DNS安全功能 dnssec-validation no; };
1 正向解析步骤 第一步：编辑解析数据库文件 vi /var/named/ilinux.io.zone $TTL 600 ilinux.io. IN SOA ilinux.io. nsadmin.ilinux.io. ( 2017052301 1H 5M 1W 6H ) IN NS dns1.ilinux.io. IN NS dns2.ilinux.io. IN MX 10 mx1.ilinux.io. dns1.ilinux.io. IN A 172.16.252.35 dns2.ilinux.io. IN A 10.0.0.68 mx1.ilinux.io. IN A 10.10.1.1 www.ilinux.io. IN A 172.16.1.1 web IN CNAME www ftp IN A 172.16.0.111 第二步：编辑区域配置文件 vi /etc/named.rfc1912.zones ...(省略部分内容) #最后一行加入如下内容 zone "ilinux.io" IN { type master; file "ilinux.io.zone"; };
第三步：指定解析服务器IP vi /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 172.16.252.35
第四步：权限及属组修改(基于安全考虑) chmod o= /var/named/ilinux.io.zone chown :named /var/named/ilinux.io.zone ls -l /var/named/ilinux.io.zone -rw-r-----. 1 root named 454 May 28 10:17 /var/named/ilinux.io.zone 第五步：检查语法错误 named-checkconf named-checkzone ilinux.io ilinux.io.zone zone ilinux.io/IN: loaded serial 2017052301 OK #验证正确
第六步：重新加载解析数据库文件和区域配置文件 rndc reload server reload successful systemctl restart named.service 第七步：测试域名解析 dig www.ilinux.io
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-37.el7 <<>> www.ilinux.io ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 17242 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 3 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 ;; QUESTION SECTION: #查询部分 ;www.ilinux.io. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: #回答部分 www.ilinux.io. 600 IN A 172.16.1.1 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: #权威解析部分 ilinux.io. 600 IN NS dns1.ilinux.io. ilinux.io. 600 IN NS dns2.ilinux.io. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: #附加信息部分 dns1.ilinux.io. 600 IN A 172.16.252.35 dns2.ilinux.io. 600 IN A 10.0.0.68 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 172.16.252.35#53(172.16.252.35) ;; WHEN: Sun May 28 11:16:29 CST 2017 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 128 2 反向解析 步骤 第一步：编辑解析数据库文件
vi /var/named/172.16.zone $TTL 1D @ IN SOA ilinux.io. nsadmin.ilinux.io. ( 2017052301 ; serial 1D ; refresh 1H ; retry 1W ; expire 3H ) ; minimum @ IN NS dns1.ilinux.io. @ IN NS dns2.ilinux.io. 35.252 IN PTR dns1.ilinux.io. 68.0 IN PTR dns2.ilinux.io. 1.1 IN PTR www.ilinux.io. 111.0 IN PTR ftp.ilinux.io.
第二步：编辑区域配置文件 vi /etc/named.rfc1912.zones #最后一行加入如下信息 zone "16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "172.16.zone"; };
第三步：指定解析服务器IP vi /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 172.16.252.35
第四步：权限及属组修改(安全考虑) chmod o= 172.16.zone chown :named 172.16.zone ll 172.16.zone -rw-r-----. 1 root named 298 May 28 10:58 172.16.zone 第五步：检查语法错误 named-checkconf named-checkzone 16.172.in-addr.arpa 172.16.zone zone 16.172.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 2017052301 OK #验证成功
第六步：重新加载解析数据库文件和区域配置文件 rndc reload server reload successful systemctl restart named.service
第七步：测试域名解析 dig -x 172.16.1.1
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-37.el7 <<>> -x 172.16.1.1 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 17034 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 3 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;1.1.16.172.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; ANSWER SECTION: 1.1.16.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR www.ilinux.io. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: 16.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS dns1.ilinux.io. 16.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS dns2.ilinux.io. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: dns1.ilinux.io. 600 IN A 172.16.252.35 dns2.ilinux.io. 600 IN A 10.0.0.68 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 172.16.252.35#53(172.16.252.35) ;; WHEN: Sun May 28 11:45:36 CST 2017 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 149
3 主从DNS服务器配置(包含正反向域名解析) 步骤 第一步：编辑解析数据库文件
1.DNS主服务器正反向解析数据库文件配置上面已有配置，不再介绍 2.DNS从服务器正反向解析数据库文件配置 环境：centos6.8 IP:10.0.0.68 DNS主机名：dns2.ilinux.io vi /etc/named.rfc1912.zones #最后一行加入如下信息 zone "ilinux.io" IN { type slave; file "slaves/ilinux.io.zone"; masters { 172.16.252.35; }; }; zone "16.172.in-addr.arpa" IN { type slave; file "slaves/172.16.zone"; masters { 172.16.252.35; }; }; 第二步：检查语法错误 named-checkconf 第三步：重新加载解析数据库文件 rndc reload server reload successful systemctl restart named.service 第四步：查看是否配置成功 cat /var/log/messages | grep "Transfer completed" May 28 08:46:20 localhost named[2224]: transfer of ‘ilinux.io/IN‘ from 172.16.252.35#53: Transfer completed: 1 messages, 11 records, 271 bytes, 0.002 secs (135500 bytes/sec) May 28 08:54:58 localhost named[2224]: transfer of ‘16.172.in-addr.arpa/IN‘ from 172.16.252.35#53: Transfer completed: 1 messages, 7 records, 227 bytes, 0.004 secs (56750 bytes/sec) 第五步：测试从服务域名解析 正向解析测试 [[email protected] named]#dig www.ilinux.io @10.0.0.68
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6 <<>> www.ilinux.io @10.0.0.68 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51468 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.ilinux.io. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.ilinux.io. 600 IN A 172.16.1.1 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: ilinux.io. 600 IN NS dns2.ilinux.io. ilinux.io. 600 IN NS dns1.ilinux.io. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: dns1.ilinux.io. 600 IN A 172.16.252.35 dns2.ilinux.io. 600 IN A 10.0.0.68 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.0.68#53(10.0.0.68) ;; WHEN: Sun May 28 10:51:34 2017 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 117
反向解析测试 dig -x 172.16.1.1 @10.0.0.68
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6 <<>> -x 172.16.1.1 @10.0.0.68 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 21780 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;1.1.16.172.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ;; ANSWER SECTION: 1.1.16.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR www.ilinux.io. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: 16.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS dns2.ilinux.io. 16.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS dns1.ilinux.io. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: dns1.ilinux.io. 600 IN A 172.16.252.35 dns2.ilinux.io. 600 IN A 10.0.0.68 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 10.0.0.68#53(10.0.0.68) ;; WHEN: Sun May 28 10:49:23 2017 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 138
4 总结 本文中DNS域名解析服务是基于bind来实验操作的。 文中仅分享了如何配置DNS域名解析服务，至于配置bind服务中相关的知识点可以参考如下： https://www.isc.org/downloads/bind/doc/ 官方文档 《鸟哥的Linux私房菜服务器架设篇(第三版)》 本文实验包含DNS正向解析服务部署，DNS反向解析服务部署，DNS主从服务部署。 想要掌握DNS域名解析服务，深刻了解DNS域名解析知识必不可少，多多动手操作配置服务必不可少。
时间： 2024-07-31 06:29:26