RMAN备份与恢复之不完全恢复

  • 要点:对于RMAN的不完全恢复，有如下步骤：

1）加载数据到mount状态(建议恢复前先做备份)

2）为高并发分配多个通道

3）还原所有(所需)的数据文件

4）使用until time,until sequence,until scn来恢复数据库

5）使用resetlogs打开数据库

6）全备数据库

SQL> conn scott/Sina.2015@study
Connected.
SQL> show user;
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> create table tb1(id int,name varchar2(10));

Table created.

SQL>  insert into tb1 select 1,‘Test‘ from dual;

1 row created.

SQL> conn sys / as sysdba;
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> SELECT a.GROUP#,a.ARCHIVED,a.STATUS,b.TYPE,b.MEMBER FROM V$LOG a,V$LOGFILE b
  2  where a.GROUP#=b.GROUP#
  3  ;

    GROUP# ARC STATUS           TYPE      MEMBER
---------- --- ----------------                -------      --------------
         3 NO  CURRENT          ONLINE    /data2/orcl/redo03.log
         2 YES INACTIVE           ONLINE    /data2/orcl/redo02.log
         1 YES INACTIVE           ONLINE    /data2/orcl/redo01.log

1.0实验(操作数据)

SQL>  host strings /data2/orcl/redo03.log | grep Test

SQL>  commit;  --注意commit是将日志缓冲内容写入到日志文件

SQL>  host strings /data2/orcl/redo03.log | grep Test  --提交后联机日志文件中才有新增的记录
Test
Oracle Real Application Testing
Oracle Real Application Testing
perl-Test-HarnessW_TPackage_0:3.17-127.el6
perl-Test-Harness
perl-Test-SimplePackage
perl-Test-Simple
perl-Test-Harness
perl-Test-Harness
perl-Test-SimpleRed Hat, Inc.
perl-Test-SimplePackage

SQL> host ls /data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log
1_10_892917066.dbf  1_15_892917066.dbf  1_2_892917066.dbf   1_4_892917066.dbf  1_9_892917066.dbf
1_11_892917066.dbf  1_16_892917066.dbf  1_34_892641223.dbf  1_5_892917066.dbf
1_12_892917066.dbf  1_17_892917066.dbf  1_35_892641223.dbf  1_6_892917066.dbf
1_13_892917066.dbf  1_18_892917066.dbf  1_36_892641223.dbf  1_7_892917066.dbf
1_14_892917066.dbf  1_1_892917066.dbf   1_3_892917066.dbf   1_8_892917066.dbf

1.1查看重做日志及归档日志

RMAN>  run{
2>  allocate channel ch1 type disk;
 allocate channel ch2 type disk;
 backup as compressed backupset database plus archivelog delete input
3> 4> 5>  format ‘/data2/backup/wh_lg_%T_%U‘
6>  tag=‘Wholebak_Pluslog‘;
7>  release channel ch1;
8>  release channel ch2;}

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
released channel: ORA_DISK_2
released channel: ORA_DISK_3
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=131 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ch2
channel ch2: SID=199 device type=DISK

Starting backup at 15-OCT-15
current log archived
channel ch1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ch1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=34 RECID=27 STAMP=892917066
input archived log thread=1 sequence=35 RECID=28 STAMP=892917067
input archived log thread=1 sequence=36 RECID=29 STAMP=892917068
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 15-OCT-15
channel ch2: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ch2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=30 STAMP=892918266
input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=31 STAMP=892918267
input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=32 STAMP=892936841
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=33 STAMP=892944057
input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=34 STAMP=892967601
input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=35 STAMP=892994416
input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=36 STAMP=892998810
input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=37 STAMP=893021371
input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=38 STAMP=893023737
input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=39 STAMP=893044828
channel ch2: starting piece 1 at 15-OCT-15
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 15-OCT-15
piece handle=/data2/backup/wh_lg_20151015_29qjpa57_1_1 tag=WHOLEBAK_PLUSLOG comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
channel ch1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_34_892641223.dbf RECID=27 STAMP=892917066
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_35_892641223.dbf RECID=28 STAMP=892917067
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_36_892641223.dbf RECID=29 STAMP=892917068
channel ch1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ch1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=40 STAMP=893072256
input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=41 STAMP=893088234
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=42 STAMP=893095263
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=43 STAMP=893109634
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=44 STAMP=893116838
input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=45 STAMP=893142174
input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=46 STAMP=893151673
input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=47 STAMP=893167412
input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=48 STAMP=893167783
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 15-OCT-15
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 15-OCT-15
piece handle=/data2/backup/wh_lg_20151015_2bqjpa5b_1_1 tag=WHOLEBAK_PLUSLOG comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ch1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_11_892917066.dbf RECID=40 STAMP=893072256
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_12_892917066.dbf RECID=41 STAMP=893088234
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_13_892917066.dbf RECID=42 STAMP=893095263
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_14_892917066.dbf RECID=43 STAMP=893109634
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_15_892917066.dbf RECID=44 STAMP=893116838
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_16_892917066.dbf RECID=45 STAMP=893142174
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_17_892917066.dbf RECID=46 STAMP=893151673
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_18_892917066.dbf RECID=47 STAMP=893167412
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_19_892917066.dbf RECID=48 STAMP=893167783
channel ch2: finished piece 1 at 15-OCT-15
piece handle=/data2/backup/wh_lg_20151015_2aqjpa57_1_1 tag=WHOLEBAK_PLUSLOG comment=NONE
channel ch2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:29
channel ch2: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_1_892917066.dbf RECID=30 STAMP=892918266
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_2_892917066.dbf RECID=31 STAMP=892918267
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_3_892917066.dbf RECID=32 STAMP=892936841
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_4_892917066.dbf RECID=33 STAMP=892944057
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_5_892917066.dbf RECID=34 STAMP=892967601
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_6_892917066.dbf RECID=35 STAMP=892994416
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_7_892917066.dbf RECID=36 STAMP=892998810
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_8_892917066.dbf RECID=37 STAMP=893021371
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_9_892917066.dbf RECID=38 STAMP=893023737
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_10_892917066.dbf RECID=39 STAMP=893044828
Finished backup at 15-OCT-15

Starting backup at 15-OCT-15
channel ch1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/data2/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/data2/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 15-OCT-15
channel ch2: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ch2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/data2/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/data2/orcl/user01.dbf
channel ch2: starting piece 1 at 15-OCT-15
channel ch2: finished piece 1 at 15-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151015T141014_c1yjt962_.bkp tag=TAG20151015T141014 comment=NONE
channel ch2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:46
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 15-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151015T141014_c1yjt92v_.bkp tag=TAG20151015T141014 comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:57
Finished backup at 15-OCT-15

Starting backup at 15-OCT-15
current log archived
channel ch1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ch1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=49 STAMP=893167872
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 15-OCT-15
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 15-OCT-15
piece handle=/data2/backup/wh_lg_20151015_2eqjpa81_1_1 tag=WHOLEBAK_PLUSLOG comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ch1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log/1_20_892917066.dbf RECID=49 STAMP=893167872
Finished backup at 15-OCT-15

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_15/o1_mf_s_893167876_c1yjw646_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 15-OCT-15

released channel: ch1

released channel: ch2

1.2备份(全库备份)

SQL> drop table scott.tb1;

Table dropped.

2.1删除数据或表

RMAN> run{
2>  allocate channel ch1 type disk;
3>  allocate channel ch2 type disk;
4>  set until time "to_date(‘2015-10-15 14:12:10‘,‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss‘)";
5>  restore database;
6>  recover database;
7>  alter database open resetlogs;
8>  release channel ch1;
9>  release channel ch2;}

allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=131 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ch2
channel ch2: SID=199 device type=DISK

executing command: SET until clause

Starting restore at 15-OCT-15

channel ch1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ch1: restoring datafile 00002 to /data2/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ch1: restoring datafile 00004 to /data2/orcl/user01.dbf
channel ch1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151015T141014_c1yjt962_.bkp
channel ch2: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ch2: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ch2: restoring datafile 00001 to /data2/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ch2: restoring datafile 00003 to /data2/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ch2: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151015T141014_c1yjt92v_.bkp
released channel: ch1
released channel: ch2
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 10/15/2015 14:19:14
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151015T141014_c1yjt962_.bkp
ORA-19573: cannot obtain exclusive enqueue for datafile 2

2.2恢复数据

接2.2部分:
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 10/15/2015 14:19:14
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151015T141014_c1yjt962_.bkp
ORA-19573: cannot obtain exclusive enqueue for datafile 2

Cause: The file access enqueue could not be obtained for a file specified in a backup, copy or restore operation. If the enqueue type shown is SHARED, then the file is the input file for a backup or copy. If the type is EXCLUSIVE, then the file is the output file for a datafile copy or restore which is attempting to overwrite the currently active version of that file. In this case, the file must be offline or the database must be closed. If the type is read-only, then you are attempting to back up or copy this file while the database is in NOARCHIVELOG mode.
问题解决：不完全恢复时，数据库状态需要切换到 mount状态

2.3恢复问题

RMAN> startup nomount force;

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    1937457152 bytes

Fixed Size                     2229584 bytes
Variable Size               1241516720 bytes
Database Buffers             687865856 bytes
Redo Buffers                   5844992 bytes

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted

RMAN> run{
2>  allocate channel ch1 type disk;
3>  allocate channel ch2 type disk;
4>  set until time "to_date(‘2015-10-15 14:12:10‘,‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss‘)";
5>  restore database;
6>  recover database;
7>  alter database open resetlogs;
8>  release channel ch1;
9>  release channel ch2;}

allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: SID=129 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ch2
channel ch2: SID=193 device type=DISK

executing command: SET until clause

Starting restore at 15-OCT-15

channel ch1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ch1: restoring datafile 00002 to /data2/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ch1: restoring datafile 00004 to /data2/orcl/user01.dbf
channel ch1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151015T141014_c1yjt962_.bkp
channel ch2: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ch2: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ch2: restoring datafile 00001 to /data2/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ch2: restoring datafile 00003 to /data2/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ch2: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151015T141014_c1yjt92v_.bkp
channel ch1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151015T141014_c1yjt962_.bkp tag=TAG20151015T141014
channel ch1: restored backup piece 1
channel ch1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ch2: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151015T141014_c1yjt92v_.bkp tag=TAG20151015T141014
channel ch2: restored backup piece 1
channel ch2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
Finished restore at 15-OCT-15

Starting recover at 15-OCT-15

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished recover at 15-OCT-15

database opened

released channel: ch1

released channel: ch2
SQL> conn scott/Sina.2015@study
Connected.
SQL> select * from tb1;

        ID NAME
---------- ----------
         1 Test

2.4切换数据库状态,重新恢复

另:rman debug trace 诊 rman问题

rman target / debug trace=/tmp/rman_debug

时间： 2024-10-09 20:20:54

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