使用RMAN进行复制时,RMAN会连接目标数据库和辅助实例,如果使用了catalog备份的还会连接恢复目录。RMAN连接了目标数据库才能够访问其控制文件中记录的备份的详细信息,连接辅助实例才能够在辅助实例上分配一个或多个通道进程,9i开始会自动创建通道; 要连接辅助实例就先要启动辅助实例,就需要一个pfile参数文件,由目标数据库creata pfile from spfile得来,由于没有控制文件,所以只能启动到nomount阶段,RMAN会生成到这个辅助实例的sysdba连接。连接了目标库和辅助实例后,就可以使用duplicate命令,复制数据库,复制过程一般分为以下阶段:1,rman确定备份的状态和位置2,rman在辅助实例上分配辅助通道,3,在辅助实例上还原数据文件,4,构建新的控制文件 5,rman还原归档日志,并进行恢复 6,rman重置辅助库的DBID(唯一标识一个数据库),并以open resetlogs打开数据库。
平台准备:
OracleLinux + Oracle 11G
目标库:
ORACLE_HOME=/uoracle/app
ORACLE_BASE=/orabase
ORACLE_SID= orcl
IP : 192.168.0.45
辅助库:
ORACLE_HOME=/uoracle/app
ORACLE_BASE=/orabase
ORACLE_SID=orcl
IP : 192.168.0.46
操作步骤(异机和同机复制,步骤基本一样):
1:运行辅助实例的服务器需要先安装好相应的oracle客户端,且ORACLE_BASE 和ORACLE_HOME目录和目标库相同;
2:构建辅助数据库目录结构;
3:创建参数文件,复制过来,并进行相应修改;
4:创建辅助实例口令文件,orapwd
5:配置监听及tnsname文件
6:目标库进行备份,并拷贝到辅助实例服务其上,或同NFS挂载过去;
7:使用pfile启动辅助实例到nomount,并退出会话;
8:duplicate命令复制数据库;
9: 创建spfile
具体实现:
1:安装客户端
2:构建辅助数据库目录结构(根据参数文件中涉及到的目录来构建辅助库的目录结构)
[[email protected] ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/orabase
[[email protected] ~]$ cd /orabase
[[email protected] orabase]$ mkdir ./oradata/orcl -p
[[email protected] orabase]$mkdir ./fast_recovery_area/orcl -p # 重新构建控制文件,存放控制文件
[[email protected] orabase]$ pwd
/orabase
[[email protected] orabase]$ mkdir ./admin/orcl -p
[[email protected] orabase]$ cd ./admin/orcl/
[[email protected] orcl]$ mkdir {a,b,c,d,u}dump
[[email protected] orcl]$ mkdir pfile
3:创建参数文件,复制过来,并进行相应修改
3.1: 目标库上创建pfile,并拷贝到辅助库上 ?/dbs 目录下(必须是$ORACLE_HOME/dbs 目录下,否则识别不到)
SQL> create pfile=‘/tmp/initorcl.ora‘ from spfile;
SQL> scp /tmp/initorcl.ora 192.168.0.46:/oracle/home/dbs
3.2: 对参数文件进行相应修改
由于这里是进行异机复制,目录结构及实例名都一样,所以没有进行修改
3.3: 使用pfile启动数据库到nomount 状态,进行测试,并创建spfile
SQL> startup pfile=‘/uoracle/app/dbs/initorcl.ora‘>ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1.0055E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2237008 bytes
Variable Size 3154120112 bytes
Database Buffers 6878658560 bytes
Redo Buffers 19767296 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
4:为辅助实例创建口令文件,密码与源库一致
[[email protected] bin]$ pwd
/uoracle/app/bin
[[email protected] bin]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl password=admin123;
[[email protected] bin]$
[[email protected] bin]$ ls /uoracle/app/dbs/orapworcl
/uoracle/app/dbs/orapworcl
5:配置监听及tnsname文件
源库上:
[[email protected] ~]# cat /uoracle/app/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /uoracle/app/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.45)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /orabase
[[email protected] ~]# cat /uoracle/app/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /uoracle/app/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.0.45)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
AUXORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.46)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
辅助库上:
TARGETORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.45)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.78)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
6:目标库进行备份,并拷贝到辅助实例服务其上,或同NFS挂载过去;
RMAN> RUN {
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> allocate channel c2 type disk;
4> backup database format ‘/backup/orcl_%U_%T‘ skip inaccessible filesperset 5 tag orcl_bak;
5> sql ‘alter system archive log current‘;
6> backup archivelog all delete input format ‘/backup/arch_%U_%T‘ skip inaccessible filesperset 5;
7> backup current controlfile format ‘/backup/ctl_%U_%T‘ tag=‘ctl_BAK‘;
8> backup spfile format ‘/backup/orcl_spfile_%U_%T‘ tag=‘spfile‘;
9> release channel c2;
10> release channel c1;
11> }
注: 因为这里使用的是nocatalog备份方式,备份信息会写入到控制文件中,所以,控制文件要单独备份
目标库上:
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/exports
/backup 192.168.0.78(rw,async)
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs start
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]
Stopping RPC idmapd: [ OK ]
Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
辅助库上:
# 建立与目标库上相同的目录
mkdir /backup
chown oracle.oinstall /backup -R
chmod 775 /backup
showmount -e 192.168.0.45
mount -t nfs 192.168.0.45:/backup /bakup
7:使用pfile启动辅助实例到nomount,并退出会话;
SQL> startup nomount pfile=‘/uoracle/app/dbs/initorcl.ora‘
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1.0055E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2237008 bytes
Variable Size 3154120112 bytes
Database Buffers 6878658560 bytes
Redo Buffers 19767296 bytes
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
8:duplicate命令复制数据库;
目标库上:
[[email protected] ~]$ rman target sys/[email protected] auxiliary sys/[email protected];
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jul 18 20:41:19 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1248423599)
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database to ORCL nofilenamecheck
logfile
‘/orabase/oradata/orcl/redo01.log‘ size 100M,
‘/orabase/oradata/orcl/redo02.log‘ size 100M,
‘/orabase/oradata/orcl/redo03.log‘ size 100M;
9:创建spfile,并重新启动
create spfile from pfile;
shutdown immeidate;
startup
验证数据库是否复制成功