上一节主要说的是如何通过url进行权限控制,这一节就说一下如何开发一个权限控制的界面,这样我们就能很方便的创建角色,并分配给用户不同角色和不同权限.
1.编写角色管理页面
这个编写较为简单,主要是通过modelform快速实现的,下面代码比较简单,我就不多说了
效果图如下:
代码如下:
def role_list(request):
"""角色列表"""
roles_list = Role.objects.all()
# 分页
current_page_num = request.GET.get(‘page‘)
pagination = MyPagination(current_page_num, roles_list.count(), request)
roles_list = roles_list[pagination.start:pagination.end]
return render(request, ‘rbac/role_list.html‘, {‘roles_list‘: roles_list, ‘pagination‘:pagination})
def role_operate(request, edit_id=None):
"""角色操作"""
role_obj = Role.objects.filter(pk=edit_id).first()
if request.method == "POST":
role_form = RoleModelForm(request.POST, instance=role_obj)
if role_form.is_valid():
role_form.save()
return redirect(reverse(‘rbac:role_list‘))
return render(request, ‘rbac/role_operate.html‘, {‘role_form‘: role_form})
role_form = RoleModelForm(instance=role_obj)
return render(request, ‘rbac/role_operate.html‘, {‘role_form‘: role_form, ‘role_obj‘: role_obj})
def role_del(request, del_id):
"""删除角色"""
Role.objects.filter(pk=del_id).delete()
return redirect(reverse(‘rbac:role_list‘))
RoleModelForm,这里就只有一个name字段,不给角色字段是创建完用户后到时再分配
class RoleModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
"""角色的modelform"""
class Meta:
model = Role
fields = [‘name‘]
error_messages = {
‘name‘: {‘required‘: ‘角色名称不能为空‘}
}
widgets = {
‘name‘: wid.TextInput(attrs={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘})
}
2.编写菜单权限管理页面
这个也不是特别难,因为主要就是两张表在页面渲染的事情,效果图如下:
代码如下:
def menu_list(request):
"""菜单权限列表"""
# 获取所有的菜单
menu_list = Menu.objects.all()
# 菜单管理目前选择的菜单名称id
mid = request.GET.get(‘mid‘)
# 如果mid有值则通过二级菜单中菜单id是一级菜单的和二级菜单下子权限id属于一级菜单的全部找出来显示,没有则显示全部菜单
if mid:
permission_list = Permission.objects.filter(Q(parent__menu__id=mid) | Q(menu_id=mid))
else:
permission_list = Permission.objects.all()
# 查询出权限表中的所有字段
all_permission_list = permission_list.values(‘id‘, ‘url‘, ‘title‘, ‘url_name‘,
‘menu_id‘, ‘parent_id‘, ‘menu__title‘)
# 把所有菜单以字典形式保存在字典中
all_permission_dict = {}
# 第一次for循环将二级菜单加入字典中
for permission in all_permission_list:
menu_id = permission.get(‘menu_id‘)
# 有menu_id就证明是二级菜单,加入字典
if menu_id:
permission[‘children‘] = []
all_permission_dict[permission[‘id‘]] = permission
# 第二次for循环将三级菜单(子权限)加入到二级菜单的children中
for permission in all_permission_list:
parent_id = permission.get(‘parent_id‘)
if parent_id:
all_permission_dict[parent_id][‘children‘].append(permission)
return render(request, ‘rbac/menu_list.html‘, {‘menu_list‘: menu_list,
‘all_permission_dict‘: all_permission_dict, ‘mid‘: mid})
def menu_operate(request, edit_id=None):
"""菜单管理操作"""
menu_obj = Menu.objects.filter(pk=edit_id).first()
if request.method == "POST":
form_obj = MenuModelForm(request.POST, instance=menu_obj)
if form_obj.is_valid():
form_obj.save()
return redirect(reverse(‘rbac:menu_list‘))
return render(request, ‘rbac/menu_operate.html‘, {‘form_obj‘: form_obj})
form_obj = MenuModelForm(instance=menu_obj)
return render(request, ‘rbac/menu_operate.html‘, {‘form_obj‘: form_obj, ‘menu_obj‘: menu_obj})
def menu_del(request, del_id):
"""菜单管理删除"""
Menu.objects.filter(pk=del_id).delete()
return redirect(reverse(‘rbac:menu_list‘))
def permission_operate(request, edit_id=None):
"""权限管理操作"""
permission_obj = Permission.objects.filter(pk=edit_id).first()
if request.method == "POST":
form_obj = PermissionModelForm(request.POST, instance=permission_obj)
if form_obj.is_valid():
form_obj.save()
return redirect(reverse(‘rbac:menu_list‘))
return render(request, ‘rbac/permission_operate.html‘, {‘form_obj‘: form_obj})
form_obj = PermissionModelForm(instance=permission_obj)
return render(request, ‘rbac/permission_operate.html‘, {‘form_obj‘: form_obj, ‘permission_obj‘: permission_obj})
def permission_del(request, del_id):
"""权限管理删除"""
Permission.objects.filter(pk=del_id).delete()
return redirect(reverse(‘rbac:menu_list‘))
页面对上面两个数据的for循环展示(这也是最主要的数据展示部分)
{% for p_permission in all_permission_dict.values %}
<tr class="parent" id="{{ p_permission.id }}">
<td class="title"><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i>{{ p_permission.title }}</td>
<td>{{ p_permission.url }}</td>
<td>{{ p_permission.url_name }}</td>
<td>是</td>
<td>{{ p_permission.menu__title }}</td>
<td>
<a href="{% url ‘rbac:permission_edit‘ p_permission.id %}"><i class="fa fa-edit"></i></a>
<a style="margin-left: 10px" href="{% url ‘rbac:permission_del‘ p_permission.id %}"><i
class="fa fa-trash-o text-danger"></i></a>
</td>
</tr>
{% for c_permission in p_permission.children %}
<tr pid="{{ c_permission.parent_id }}">
<td style="padding-left: 20px">{{ c_permission.title }}</td>
<td>{{ c_permission.url }}</td>
<td>{{ c_permission.url_name }}</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>
<a href="{% url ‘rbac:permission_edit‘ c_permission.id %}"><i class="fa fa-edit"></i></a>
<a style="margin-left: 10px" href="{% url ‘rbac:permission_del‘ c_permission.id %}"><i
class="fa fa-trash-o text-danger"></i></a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
点击二级菜单显示和隐藏,这里巧妙的用到了二级菜单的id和子权限的parent_id相等去显示和隐藏,下面是显示隐藏的jquery代码
<script>
$(‘.permisson-area‘).on(‘click‘, ‘tr .title‘, function () {
var caret = $(this).find(‘i‘);
var id = $(this).parent().attr(‘id‘);
if (caret.hasClass(‘fa-caret-right‘)){
caret.removeClass(‘fa-caret-right‘).addClass(‘fa-caret-down‘);
$(this).parent().nextAll(‘tr[pid="‘ + id + ‘"]‘).removeClass(‘hide‘);
}else{
caret.removeClass(‘fa-caret-down‘).addClass(‘fa-caret-right‘);
$(this).parent().nextAll(‘tr[pid=‘ + id + ‘]‘).addClass(‘hide‘);
}
})
</script>
3.分配权限管理页面编写(这个比较麻烦,主要是数据结构比较复杂,嵌套太多层,注意这还是二级菜单)
实现的效果图如下:
代码如下,备注在代码中写了,详细请看代码:
def distribute_permissions(request):
"""分配权限"""
# uid是前端提交的用户id,rid是前端提交的角色id
uid = request.GET.get(‘uid‘)
rid = request.GET.get(‘rid‘)
# 用户添加角色,由于有多个from表单所以给每个from表单一个postType
if request.method == ‘POST‘ and request.POST.get(‘postType‘) == ‘role‘ and uid:
user = User.objects.filter(id=uid).first()
if not user:
return HttpResponse(‘用户不存在‘)
# 因为是多对多的关系,所以用set就可以直接更新数据了,记得set里面必须是可迭代对象,所以getlist
user.roles.set(request.POST.getlist(‘roles‘))
# 角色添加权限
if request.method == ‘POST‘ and request.POST.get(‘postType‘) == ‘permission‘ and rid:
role = Role.objects.filter(id=rid).first()
if not role:
return HttpResponse(‘角色不存在‘)
role.permissions.set(request.POST.getlist(‘permissions‘))
# 所有用户,界面用户展示
user_list = User.objects.all()
# 取得当前用户的所有角色
user_has_roles = User.objects.filter(id=uid).values(‘id‘, ‘roles‘)
# 获取用户拥有的角色id,数据结构是{角色id: None},这种数据结构推荐,到时直接in就能判断了,效率高
user_has_roles_dict = {item[‘roles‘]: None for item in user_has_roles}
# 角色列表(所有角色),界面用户展示
role_list = Role.objects.all()
# 如过选中了角色,那么就根据角色id拿到所有的权限
if rid:
role_has_permissions = Role.objects.filter(id=rid).values(‘id‘, ‘permissions‘)
# 如果只选中了用户没有选择角色,那么就通过用户的角色去拿对应的所有权限
elif uid and not rid:
user = User.objects.filter(id=uid).first()
if not user:
return HttpResponse(‘用户不存在‘)
role_has_permissions = user.roles.values(‘id‘, ‘permissions‘)
else:
# 都没选中,就是初始化状态,界面不勾选任何权限菜单
role_has_permissions = []
# 获取角色拥有的权限id,数据结构是{权限id: None}
role_has_permissions_dict = {item[‘permissions‘]: None for item in role_has_permissions}
# 以列表形式存放所有的菜单信息
all_menu_list = []
# 查询出所有菜单
menu_queryset = Menu.objects.values(‘id‘, ‘title‘)
# 以字典形式存放所有的菜单信息
menu_dict = {}
# 这个for循环的作用是将一级菜单信息分别放入了menu_dict字典和all_menu_list列表中
for item in menu_queryset:
item[‘children‘] = [] # 存放二级菜单(父权限)
menu_dict[item[‘id‘]] = item # 注意这里是将item对象赋值给了item[‘id‘],所以menu_dict和all_menu_list是一起变化的
all_menu_list.append(item)
"""
下面是这两个的数据结构,字典套字典,然后children字段子菜单就是列表,然后反复这样嵌套
menu_dict = {‘menu_id‘: {‘id‘:1, ‘title‘: ‘xxx‘, ‘children‘: [
{‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘menu_id‘, ‘children‘: [
{‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘parent_id‘}
]},
]},
None: {‘id‘: None, ‘title‘: ‘其他‘, ‘children‘: [{‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘parent_id‘}]}
}
all_menu_list = [
{‘id‘:1, ‘title‘: ‘xxx‘, ‘children‘: [
{‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘menu_id‘, ‘children‘: [
{‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘parent_id‘}
]},
]},
{‘id‘: None, ‘title‘: ‘其他‘, ‘children‘: [{‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘parent_id‘}]}
]
"""
# 像首页这些不属于任何一级菜单,所以可以归属于other下面
other = {‘id‘: None, ‘title‘: ‘其他‘, ‘children‘: []}
# 两个数据结构分别加入other
all_menu_list.append(other)
menu_dict[None] = other
# 查询二级菜单的权限信息
parent_permission = Permission.objects.filter(menu__isnull=False).values(‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘menu_id‘)
# 二级菜单信息字典
parent_permission_dict = {}
"""
parent_permission_dict = {父权限id: {‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘menu_id‘, ‘children‘: [
{‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘parent_id‘}
]} }
"""
for per in parent_permission:
per[‘children‘] = [] # 存放子权限
nid = per[‘id‘]
menu_id = per[‘menu_id‘]
# 以二级菜单id为键,二级菜单信息为值加入到二级菜单字典中
parent_permission_dict[nid] = per
# 一级菜单字典将二级菜单加入到children下,注意一级菜单列表数据结构也会跟着增加(py内存使用导致)
menu_dict[menu_id][‘children‘].append(per)
# 类似上面的操作,将不是二级菜单的权限全部找出来,包括子权限和other
node_permission = Permission.objects.filter(menu__isnull=True).values(‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘parent_id‘)
for per in node_permission:
pid = per[‘parent_id‘]
# 如果不是子权限,就将信息加入到other的children下
if not pid:
menu_dict[None][‘children‘].append(per)
continue
# 是子权限就加入到二级菜单的children下,因为menu_dict存放的是二级菜单的对象,所以此时menu_dict就有了各个层级的数据
parent_permission_dict[pid][‘children‘].append(per)
return render(request, ‘rbac/distribute_permissions.html‘,
{
‘user_list‘: user_list,
‘role_list‘: role_list,
‘user_has_roles_dict‘: user_has_roles_dict,
‘role_has_permissions_dict‘: role_has_permissions_dict,
‘all_menu_list‘: all_menu_list,
‘uid‘: uid,
‘rid‘: rid,
})
前端代码:
{% extends ‘layout.html‘ %}
{% block css %}
<style>
.user-area ul {
padding-left: 20px;
}
.user-area li {
cursor: pointer;
padding: 2px 0;
}
.user-area li a {
display: block;
}
.user-area li.active {
font-weight: bold;
color: red;
}
.user-area li.active a {
color: red;
}
.role-area tr td a {
display: block;
}
.role-area tr.active {
background-color: #f1f7fd;
border-left: 3px solid #fdc00f;
}
.permission-area tr.root {
background-color: #f1f7fd;
cursor: pointer;
}
.permission-area tr.root td i {
margin: 3px;
}
.permission-area .node {
}
.permission-area .node input[type=‘checkbox‘] {
margin: 0 5px;
}
.permission-area .node .parent {
padding: 5px 0;
}
.permission-area .node label {
font-weight: normal;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-size: 12px;
}
.permission-area .node .children {
padding: 0 0 0 20px;
}
.permission-area .node .children .child {
display: inline-block;
margin: 2px 5px;
}
table {
font-size: 12px;
}
.panel-body {
font-size: 12px;
}
.panel-body .form-control {
font-size: 12px;
}
</style>
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="container-fluid" style="margin-top: 20px">
<div class="col-sm-3 user-area">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading"><i class="fa fa-user"></i> 用户信息</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul>
{% for user in user_list %}
<li class={% if user.id|safe == uid %}"active"{% endif %}>
<a href="?uid={{ user.id }}">{{ user.name }}</a>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 role-area">
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="hidden" name="postType" value="role">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading"><i class="fa fa-book"></i> 角色
{% if uid %}
<button type="submit" style="padding: 2px 6px;position: relative;top: -3px;"
class="btn btn-success pull-right"><i style="margin-right: 2px"
class="fa fa-save"></i> 保存
</button>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<span style="color: darkgray">提示:点击用户后才能为其分配角色</span>
</div>
<table class="table table-hover">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>角色</th>
<th>选择</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% load my_tag %}
{% for role in role_list %}
<tr {% if role.id|safe == rid %}class="active"{% endif %}>
<td><a href="?{% get_role_url request role.id %}">{{ role.name }}</a></td>
<td>
{% if role.id in user_has_roles_dict %}
<input type="checkbox" name="roles" value="{{ role.id }}" checked>
{% else %}
<input type="checkbox" name="roles" value="{{ role.id }}">
{% endif %}
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 permission-area">
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="hidden" name="postType" value="permission">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading"><i class="fa fa-reddit"></i> 权限分配</div>
{% if rid %}
<button type="submit"
style="padding: 2px 6px;position: relative;top: -32px; margin-right: 10px;"
class="btn btn-success pull-right"><i style="margin-right: 2px" class="fa fa-save"></i>
保存
</button>
{% endif %}
<div class="panel-body">
<span style="color: darkgray">提示:点击角色后,才能为其分配权限</span>
</div>
<table class="table">
<tbody class="permission-tbody">
{% for item in all_menu_list %}
<tr class="root">
<td><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i>{{ item.title }}</td>
</tr>
<tr class="node">
<td>
{% for node in item.children %}
<div class="parent">
{% if node.id in role_has_permissions_dict %}
<input id="permission_{{ node.id }}" name="permissions"
value="{{ node.id }}" type="checkbox" checked>
{% else %}
<input id="permission_{{ node.id }}" name="permissions"
value="{{ node.id }}" type="checkbox">
{% endif %}
<label for="permission_{{ node.id }}">{{ node.title }}</label>
</div>
<div class="children">
{% for child in node.children %}
<div class="child">
{% if child.id in role_has_permissions_dict %}
<input id="permission_{{ child.id }}" name="permissions"
value="{{ child.id }}" type="checkbox" checked>
{% else %}
<input id="permission_{{ child.id }}" name="permissions"
value="{{ child.id }}" type="checkbox">
{% endif %}
<label for="permission_{{ child.id }}">{{ child.title }}</label>
</div>
{% endfor %}
</div>
{% endfor %}
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
{% block js %}
<script>
$(‘.permission-tbody‘).on(‘click‘, ‘.root‘, function () {
var caret = $(this).find(‘i‘);
if (caret.hasClass(‘fa-caret-right‘)) {
caret.removeClass(‘fa-caret-right‘).addClass(‘fa-caret-down‘);
$(this).next(‘.node‘).removeClass(‘hide‘);
} else {
caret.removeClass(‘fa-caret-down‘).addClass(‘fa-caret-right‘);
$(this).next(‘.node‘).addClass(‘hide‘);
}
})
</script>
{% endblock %}
至此,页面大致开发完成,单独开发完成rbac之后,还得嵌入项目中去,大致也说一下迁移的过程:
rbac应用于其他项目流程
1.拷贝rbac到新项目
2.在settings中注册rabc app
3.数据库迁移
首先先删除原有migrations下的文件,再执行数据库迁移命令
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
4.在根目录下的urls.py中添加rbac相关的url
re_path(r‘^rbac/‘, include(‘rbac.urls‘, namespace=‘rbac‘))
5.layout.html的创建和编写,因为rbac中的模板都继承了这个
6.录入权限信息
角色管理
权限管理
7.分配权限
先用户关联,原系统用户表一对一关联rbac用户表
from rbac.models import User
user = models.OneToOneField(User, null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
给用户分角色和权限
8.登录应用权限
登录成功后获取rbac的user_obj,然后初始化用户信息
应用权限校验中间件
9.注意模板layout内容和名称
10.应用面包屑导航栏,中间会遇到很多样式js等不同,慢慢调试吧
11.权限控制到按钮级别
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/leixiaobai/p/11161102.html
时间： 2024-10-29 03:58:57