1. Keep up with
2. Catch up with
3. Come up with 提出
4. End up with 以…告终
5. Put up with 忍受
6. Make up for 补偿/填补
7. Live up to 不辜负
8. Turn up 出现
9. Turn down 减少、拒绝
10. Turn over 翻转
11. Turn in 上缴
12. Have access to sth
13. Be used to doing sth
14. Look forward to doing sth/sth
15. Get down to sth.
16. Lead to/contribute to…/attribute to…
17. Be superior to
18. Be inferior to
19. Be senior to
20. Be junior to
21. Prior to sth.
22. Range from… to…
23. Be busy in
24. Be busy doing sth
25. Can’t help doing
26. Feel like doing
27. Have a good time (in )
28. Have difficulty( trouble) (in)
29. Spend /waste time(in)
30. It’s no use doing sth
31. There’s no point in
32. In the way/by the way/ in no way
33. It’s the first/second time that
34. Catch sb doing sth
35. Call off=cancel
36. Have an influence on sth/sb
37. Impose sth on sb.
38. But for sth.
39. Risk doing sth.
40. Escape doing sth.
41. Accuse sb of sth.
42. Charge sb with sth.
43. Be innocent of sth.
44. Be alert to sth
45. play a role/part in sth./doing sth
46. be worth doing sth
47. be worthy of doing sth
48. keep/lose contact with sb.
49. be second to none（首）
50. not to speak of/not to mention/let alone+名词/代词/动名词
51. delay/ mind/ admit/ avoid/ anticipate/ consider/ contemplate/
deny/ dislike/ fancy/ finish/ involve/ permit/ practice/ quit/ risk
+doing
52. adapt oneself to…
53. have no objection to doing sth.
54. be/get used to doing
55. confess to
56. contribute to
57. devote to
58. object to
59. be opposed to
60. resort to
61. stick to
62. take to
63. turn out 生产/证明是
64. a sheet of paper
65. throw/cast light on 使明白/阐明
66. response/ reply/ key/ attitude/ approach/ answer/ introduction
/access /exposure /objection+to
67. interfere in干涉
68. interfere with妨碍
69. What if…? 陈述语序
70. be accustomed to/
71. adhere to
72. abide by
73. cooperate with
74. conform to
75. dispose of
76. apology to sb for sth.
77. be thankful to/be grateful to sb
78. restrain/ keep/ prevent /restrict /stop /protect /prohibit sb
from sth/doing sth
79. specialize in sth/doing sth.
80. queue up
81. acquaint sb with sth.
82. familiarize sb with sth.
83. correspond to sth
84. correspond with sb.
85. congratulate sb on sth
86. dependence/dependant on sth
87. be independent of sth.
88. participate in sth
89. be bound to
90. cure sb of sth
91. be of importance /significance/ value/
92. beyond reach/power
93. be lacking in
94. be beneficial/ advantageous to sb.
95. be attached to sth
96. be assigned to
97. find fault with sb
98. in memory of sb.
99. be absorbed in sth/doing sth
100. be abundant in sth
101. take sth into account /consideration
102. relate sth to sb.
103. remark on sth
104. none other than
105. so much as that
106. Could have done
107. Must have done
108. Should have done
109. Never/ seldom/ rarely/ hardly/ barely/ scarcely/ little/
few位于句首引起主谓部分倒装。
110. Lest/ in case/unless /suppose /as if/for fear that/on
condition等词引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should)+动词原形
111. Not so much…as 与其说…不如说
112. It’s time that (过去式—)
113. May just as well
114. see to it that
115. see to doing sth
116. order/ ask/ demand/ command/ request/ require that+虚拟语气
英语四级中常见的四种逻辑关系总结
英语四级阅读只掌握词汇还是不够的，关键要学会分析句子成分，掌握各个句子之前的逻辑关系，这样才能顺利的理解文章的意思。下面是英语四级阅读中经常出现的四大逻辑关系，把握了它们就等于掌握了英语四级阅读解题技巧的一个重要部分。
不少考生提到在备考英语四级考试时，发现阅读中有不少句子超出自己的理解范围。对于这些句子，我们需要从语法的角度去完全把握。但是如果是在考试中遇到不能理解的句子时，考生比较偏向于一遍一遍地读句子，最后不但没读懂还浪费了时间，影响下面的答题。下面我们来看看英语四级阅读中常见四种逻辑关系的解析。
其实长难句在考试中最直接的运用就是考察插入句子题和解释句子题。对于这样的题目，我们在不能读懂句子的情况下，能够把握的就是句子的内在关系，即逻辑。逻辑在解释句子题中的运用尤为重要，以前有学生反映，在考试中其实句子根本就不能读懂，而利用逻辑就能迅速排除选项，从而找到正确的答案。所以说，逻辑是我们英语四级阅读中的隐形解题帮手，考生们一定要尤为关注。
1. 因果关系
因：because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with
果：so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly
因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。
隐性因果：
A 导致(因-果)：cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce
如：The increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees.
在这段话中，有lead to表示了导致的意思，即结果，而so that更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。
B 由…而来(果-因)：result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be attributable to
如：“The extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected，as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proce.”
在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。
C 反映，体现(果-因)：reflect、present、demonstrate、suggest、imply
D 考虑到：given、considering、in view of、thanks to、according to
He succeeded thanks to(in view of) his effort.
E 依赖于：rely on、depend on、resort to
He resorted to books when he had problems.
F 条件关系：when、once、as soon as、As long as
As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.
G 分词短语，不定式做状语：Failing in the final exam, she cried.
2. 对比转折关系
A 对比：while、whereas、on the other hand
在解释句子题、插入句子题中，一旦出现对比关系，学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While、whereas 前后连接的是平行结构，on the other hand前必定有on one hand，可以用来把握句间关系。
B 转折：but、although、nevertheless、however
转折是英语四级阅读的一个经典考点之一，掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助。
3. 比较关系
A 同级比较 the same to
B 比较级：more than、-er than
C 变化：change、alter、vary、modify、revise、increase、decrease、enhance、diminish、develop、progress、advance、improve、retreat、degenerate、continue、remain
D 差异：different、distinguish、separate、same、similar、comparable、compare to
E 超越：surpass、exceed、excel、over
F 最高级，本身有最高级含义：maximum、minimum、peak、outstanding
G 本身程度比较深：amazing、surprising、astonishing、prohibitively
H 否定+比较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him.
从这句话中可以看出，否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系。
4. 否定关系
显性否定：no、not、never、nor、none neither
隐形否定：fail to、refuse、remove、mi、reject、aence of、lack of
否定前缀：a-、ab-、dis-、il-、im-、in-、non-、un-否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点，把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词，依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。
双重否定：not fail to、not illegal、not uncommon、not unavailable双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式，由于在平时中文对话中用的很少，随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。
准备英语四级的同学在平时的阅读练习中不妨多多留意句子中的逻辑关系，将以上的归纳知识运用到做题中去，对于理解文章大意将很有帮助。