ip netns
虚拟化网络都是基于netns实现
ip-netns - process network namespace management #管理网络名称空间工具 网络命名空间在逻辑上是网络堆栈的另一个副本,具有自己的路由,防火墙规则和网络设备。 默认情况下,进程从其父级继承其网络命名空间。最初,所有进程共享相同的默认网络名称空间 来自init进程。
SYNOPSIS top #用法 ip [ OPTIONS ] netns { COMMAND | help } ip netns [ list ] #列出所有名称空间 ip netns add NETNSNAME #创建一个新的名称空间 ip netns attach NETNSNAME PID ip [-all] netns del [ NETNSNAME ] #伤处一个名称空间 ip netns set NETNSNAME NETNSID ip netns identify [ PID ] ip netns pids NETNSNAME ip [-all] netns exec [ NETNSNAME ] command... #在网络名称空间执行指定命令 ip netns monitor ip netns list-id
ip [-all] netns delete [ NAME ] - delete the name of a network namespace(s)
[[email protected] netreport]# ip netns add testspace #添加一个名称空间 [[email protected] netreport]# ip netns list #列出 testspace [[email protected] netreport]# ip netns del testspace #删除 [[email protected] netreport]# ip netns add testspace [[email protected] netreport]# ip netns exec testspace ifconfig -a #执行命令 lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [[email protected] netreport]#
ip-link: network device configuration
#ip link 网络设备管理工具,用于配置虚拟网卡[[email protected] netreport]# ip link help Usage: ip link add [link DEV] [ name ] NAME [ txqueuelen PACKETS ] [ address LLADDR ] [ broadcast LLADDR ] [ mtu MTU ] [index IDX ] [ numtxqueues QUEUE_COUNT ] [ numrxqueues QUEUE_COUNT ] type TYPE [ ARGS ] ip link delete { DEVICE | dev DEVICE | group DEVGROUP } type TYPE [ ARGS ] ip link set { DEVICE | dev DEVICE | group DEVGROUP } [ { up | down } ] [ type TYPE ARGS ] [ arp { on | off } ] [ dynamic { on | off } ] [ multicast { on | off } ] [ allmulticast { on | off } ] [ promisc { on | off } ] [ trailers { on | off } ] [ carrier { on | off } ] [ txqueuelen PACKETS ] [ name NEWNAME ] [ address LLADDR ] [ broadcast LLADDR ] [ mtu MTU ] [ netns { PID | NAME } ] [ link-netnsid ID ] [ alias NAME ] [ vf NUM [ mac LLADDR ] [ vlan VLANID [ qos VLAN-QOS ] [ proto VLAN-PROTO ] ] [ rate TXRATE ] [ max_tx_rate TXRATE ] [ min_tx_rate TXRATE ] [ spoofchk { on | off} ] [ query_rss { on | off} ] [ state { auto | enable | disable} ] ] [ trust { on | off} ] ] [ node_guid { eui64 } ] [ port_guid { eui64 } ] [ xdp { off | object FILE [ section NAME ] [ verbose ] | pinned FILE } ] [ master DEVICE ][ vrf NAME ] [ nomaster ] [ addrgenmode { eui64 | none | stable_secret | random } ] [ protodown { on | off } ] ip link show [ DEVICE | group GROUP ] [up] [master DEV] [vrf NAME] [type TYPE] ip link xstats type TYPE [ ARGS ] ip link afstats [ dev DEVICE ] ip link help [ TYPE ] TYPE := { vlan | veth | vcan | dummy | ifb | macvlan | macvtap | bridge | bond | team | ipoib | ip6tnl | ipip | sit | vxlan | gre | gretap | ip6gre | ip6gretap | vti | nlmon | team_slave | bond_slave | ipvlan | geneve | bridge_slave | vrf | macsec } [[email protected] netreport]#
常用命令
ip link add - 添加虚拟链接 ip link delete - 删除虚拟链接 ip link set - 更改设备属性 ip link show - 显示设备属性 ip link xstats - 显示扩展统计信息 ip link afstats - 显示特定于地址的系列统计信息 ip link help - 显示帮助
显示设备属性
ip link show - display device attributes dev NAME:specifies the network device to show. (default) 如果不指定设备,则显示所有设备信息 up:only display running interfaces. 只显示启动的接口
添加虚拟设备
ip link add - add virtual link link DEVICE:specifies the physical device to act operate on. 指定在哪个物理设备上操作 NAME:specifies the name of the new virtual device. 指定新虚拟设备的名称 TYPE:specifies the type of the new device. 指定新设备的类型 Link types: vlan - 802.1q tagged virtual LAN interface veth - Virtual ethernet interface 虚拟网络接口(一对) vcan - Virtual Local CAN interface dummy - Dummy network interface ifb - Intermediate Functional Block device macvlan - virtual interface base on link layer address (MAC) can - Controller Area Network interface bridge - Ethernet Bridge device 网桥设备
删除虚拟设备
ip link delete - delete virtual link DEVICE:specifies the virtual device to act operate on. TYPE:specifies the type of the device. dev DEVICE:specifies the physical device to act operate on.
设置设备属性
ip link set - change device attributes dev DEVICE:specifies network device to operate on. up and down:change the state of the device to UP or DOWN. 启动或关闭网卡 multicast on or multicast off:change the MULTICAST flag on the device. 启用或禁用组播 name NAME:change the name of the device. 修改网卡名称。需要先donw掉网卡,不然会提示busy。 This operation is not recommended if the device is running or has some addresses already configured. alias NAME:give the device a symbolic name for easy reference. 为网卡设置别名 mtu NUMBER:change the MTU of the device. 设置MTU大小,默认为1500 netns NETNSNAME:move the device to the network namespace associated with name NETNSNAME. 将接口移动到指定的网络名称空间
veth - Virtual ethernet interface #虚拟以太网卡
#veth设备是成对出现的,一端连接的是内核协议栈,一端彼此相连。一个设备收到协议栈的数据,会将数据发送另一个设备上去。大概结构如下:
+----------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | +------------------------------------------------+ | | | Newwork Protocol Stack | | | +------------------------------------------------+ | | ↑ ↑ ↑ | |..............|...............|...............|.................| | ↓ ↓ ↓ | | +----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | | | eth0 | | veth0 | | veth1 | | | +----------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |192.168.100.100 ↑ ↑ ↑ | | | +---------------+ | | | 10.1.1.1/24 10.1.1.2/24 | +--------------|-------------------------------------------------+ ↓ Physical Network
示例 创建一对虚拟网卡,新建的网卡默认都是关闭的,名称空间里的回环网卡lo默认也是关闭的。
[[email protected] netreport]# ip link add name veth1 type veth peer name veth2 [[email protected] netreport]# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:8b:7c:a1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 02:42:3d:8c:f3:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 7: [email protected]: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 3a:54:20:3d:ff:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 8: [email protected]: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether 8a:ed:62:73:ec:f6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 9: [email protected]: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether da:6c:01:ef:3b:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff [[email protected] netreport]#
#一块网卡只能属于一个名称空间, 将veth2 网卡配置为testspace 名称空间[[email protected] netreport]# ip link set dev veth2 netns testspace [[email protected] netreport]# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:8b:7c:a1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 02:42:3d:8c:f3:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 7: [email protected]: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 3a:54:20:3d:ff:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 9: [email protected]: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether da:6c:01:ef:3b:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1 [[email protected] netreport]#
让两块在不同名称空间网卡通信
[[email protected] netreport]# ip netns list testspace (id: 1) [[email protected] netreport]# ip netns exec testspace ip link set dev veth2 name veth0 #可以修改dev name [[email protected] netreport]# ip netns exec testspace ifconfig [[email protected] netreport]# ip netns exec testspace ifconfig -a #显示网卡 lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 veth0: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 8a:ed:62:73:ec:f6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [[email protected] netreport]# ip netns exec testspace ifconfig veth0 10.1.1.2/24 [[email protected] netreport]# ip netns exec testspace ifconfig veth0 10.1.1.2/24 up #配置名称空间网卡地址,并启动 [[email protected] netreport]# ip netns exec testspace ifconfig -a lo: flags=8<LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 veth0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 10.1.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.1.1.255 ether 8a:ed:62:73:ec:f6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [[email protected] netreport]# [[email protected] netreport]# ifconfig veth1 10.1.1.1/24 [[email protected] netreport]# ifconfig veth1 10.1.1.1/24 up #配置本地虚拟网卡地址并启动 [[email protected] netreport]# ping 10.1.1.2 PING 10.1.1.2 (10.1.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.1.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.079 ms 64 bytes from 10.1.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.089 ms 64 bytes from 10.1.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.067 ms ^C --- 10.1.1.2 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.067/0.078/0.089/0.011 ms [[email protected] netreport]#
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zy09/p/10999268.html
时间: 2024-10-26 12:13:22