Python用异常对象(exception object)来表示异常情况。遇到错误后,会引发异常,如果异常对象并未被处理或捕捉,程序就会用所谓的 回溯(Traceback, 一种错误信息)终止执行,因此程序可以通过异常处理来提高容错性。
认识异常
1.raise语句引发异常
1 >>> raise Exception 2 3 Traceback (most recent call last): 4 File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, 5 in <module> raise Exception Exception
2.遇到错误引发异常
1 >>> 7/0 2 3 Traceback (most recent call last): 4 File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in <module> 7/0 5 ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
3.系统自带的内建异常类
1 >>> import exceptions 2 >>> dir(exceptions) 3 4 [‘ArithmeticError‘, ‘AssertionError‘, ‘AttributeError‘, ‘BaseException‘, ‘BufferError‘, ‘BytesWarning‘, ‘DeprecationWarning‘, ‘EOFError‘, ‘EnvironmentError‘, ‘Exception‘, ‘FloatingPointError‘, ‘FutureWarning‘, ‘GeneratorExit‘, ‘IOError‘, ‘ImportError‘, ‘ImportWarning‘, ‘IndentationError‘, ‘IndexError‘, ‘KeyError‘, ‘KeyboardInterrupt‘, ‘LookupError‘, ‘MemoryError‘, ‘NameError‘, ‘NotImplementedError‘, ‘OSError‘, ‘OverflowError‘, ‘PendingDeprecationWarning‘, ‘ReferenceError‘, ‘RuntimeError‘, ‘RuntimeWarning‘, ‘StandardError‘, ‘StopIteration‘, ‘SyntaxError‘, ‘SyntaxWarning‘, ‘SystemError‘, ‘SystemExit‘, ‘TabError‘, ‘TypeError‘, ‘UnboundLocalError‘, ‘UnicodeDecodeError‘, ‘UnicodeEncodeError‘, ‘UnicodeError‘, ‘UnicodeTranslateError‘, ‘UnicodeWarning‘, ‘UserWarning‘, ‘ValueError‘, ‘Warning‘, ‘WindowsError‘, ‘ZeroDivisionError‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__name__‘, ‘__package__‘]
4.自定义异常,需要从Exception类继承
1 import Exceptions 2 class printException(Exception): 3 pass 4 5 def testRaise(): 6 raise printException(‘printError‘) 7 try: 8 testRaise() 9 except printException,e: 10 print e
运行结果:
printError
捕获异常
捕获异常是对可能犯错以及可能的犯错类型,定义好的”应急预案“。如果try中有异常发生时,将执行异常的归属,即执行相应的except中的语句。如果except后面没有任何参数,那么表示所有的exception都交给这段程序处理。
完整语法:
try: ... except exception1: ... except exception2: ... except: ... else: ... finally: ...
如果try中没有异常,那么except部分将跳过,执行else中的语句。finally是无论是否有异常,最后都要做的一些事。
try->异常->except->finally
try->无异常->else->finally
1 try: 2 x = input(‘Enter the first number: ‘) 3 y = input(‘Enter the second number: ‘) 4 print x/y 5 except ZeroDivisionError: 6 print "y不能为0!" 7 except TypeError: 8 print "请输入数字!" 9 except: 10 print("Not Type Error & ZeroDivisionError")
时间: 2024-11-03 11:03:55