跳跃表实现简单,空间复杂度和时间复杂度也较好,Redis中使用跳表而不是红黑树。
实现参考了:
- 跳跃列表 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
- 《Redis设计与实现》第五章 跳跃表
- Redis源码3.0分支src/t_zset.c等文件
插入时的核心逻辑:
- 找到插入的位置
- 随机得到新插入节点的level
- 处理为了插入当前节点穿过的指针和未穿过的指针的指向和跨度
删除时的核心逻辑:
- 找到删除的位置
- 处理要删除的节点穿过的指针和未穿过的指针的指向和跨度
- 如果可以,减小跳跃表的level
下面两个题可以使用平衡树,这里为了练习使用跳跃表,注意根据每个题的题意特殊处理。
SPOJ ORDERSET
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define DBG(x) cerr << #x << " = " << x << endl
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const int MAX_LEVEL = 32;
const int MAX_N = 200000;
struct ListNode {
struct Forward {
int span;
ListNode *forward;
};
int val;
vector<Forward> levels;
};
namespace memory {
ListNode nodes[MAX_N + 1 + 16];
int cnt;
void init() {
cnt = 0;
}
ListNode *new_node(int level, int val) {
nodes[cnt].levels.resize(level);
for (int i = 0; i < level; i++) {
nodes[cnt].levels[i].forward = nullptr;
nodes[cnt].levels[i].span = 0;
}
nodes[cnt].val = val;
return &nodes[cnt++];
}
}
struct SkipList {
ListNode *header;
int level;
int length;
void init() {
memory::init();
srand(time(0));
level = 1;
length = 0;
header = memory::new_node(MAX_LEVEL, 0);
}
int get_level() {
int level = 1;
while (rand() % 2 && level + 1 < MAX_LEVEL)
level++;
return level;
}
void insert(int x) {
ListNode *update[MAX_LEVEL];
int rank[MAX_LEVEL];
ListNode *p = header;
for (int i = level - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
rank[i] = i == (level - 1) ? 0 : rank[i + 1];
while (p->levels[i].forward && p->levels[i].forward->val <= x) {
rank[i] += p->levels[i].span;
p = p->levels[i].forward;
}
update[i] = p;
}
if (p != header && p->val == x)
return;
int level_of_node = get_level();
if (level_of_node > level) {
for (int i = level; i < level_of_node; i++) {
header->levels[i].span = length;
update[i] = header;
rank[i] = 0;
}
level = level_of_node;
}
ListNode *node = memory::new_node(level_of_node, x);
for (int i = 0; i < level_of_node; i++) {
node->levels[i].forward = update[i]->levels[i].forward;
node->levels[i].span = update[i]->levels[i].span - (rank[0] - rank[i]);
update[i]->levels[i].forward = node;
update[i]->levels[i].span = rank[0] - rank[i] + 1;
}
for (int i = level_of_node; i < level; i++) {
update[i]->levels[i].span++;
}
length++;
}
void remove(int x) {
ListNode *update[MAX_LEVEL];
ListNode *p = header;
for (int i = level - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
while (p->levels[i].forward && p->levels[i].forward->val < x) {
p = p->levels[i].forward;
}
update[i] = p;
}
p = p->levels[0].forward;
if (!p || p->val != x)
return;
for (int i = level - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (update[i]->levels[i].forward == p) {
update[i]->levels[i].forward = p->levels[i].forward;
update[i]->levels[i].span += p->levels[i].span - 1;
} else {
update[i]->levels[i].span--;
}
}
while (level > 1 && !header->levels[level - 1].forward)
level--;
length--;
}
int kth(int k) {
int span = 0;
ListNode *p = header;
for (int i = level - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
while (p->levels[i].forward && span + p->levels[i].span <= k) {
span += p->levels[i].span;
p = p->levels[i].forward;
}
}
return p->val;
}
int rank(int x) {
int ans = 0;
ListNode *p = header;
for (int i = level - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
while (p->levels[i].forward && p->levels[i].forward->val < x) {
ans += p->levels[i].span;
p = p->levels[i].forward;
}
}
return ans;
}
} skip_list;
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
int n;
while (scanf("%d", &n) != EOF) {
skip_list.init();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
char op[2];
int x;
scanf("%s%d", op, &x);
if (op[0] == 'I') {
skip_list.insert(x);
} else if (op[0] == 'D') {
skip_list.remove(x);
} else if (op[0] == 'K') {
if (x > skip_list.length) {
puts("invalid");
} else {
printf("%d\n", skip_list.kth(x));
};
} else if (op[0] == 'C') {
printf("%d\n", skip_list.rank(x));
}
}
}
return 0;
}
/**
8
I -1
I -1
I 2
C 0
K 2
D -1
K 1
K 2
1
2
2
invalid
*/
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define DBG(x) cerr << #x << " = " << x << endl
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const int MAX_LEVEL = 32;
const int MAX_N = 100000;
struct ListNode {
struct Forward {
int span;
ListNode *forward;
};
pair<int, int> val;
vector<Forward> levels;
};
namespace memory {
ListNode nodes[MAX_N + 1 + 16];
int cnt;
void init() {
cnt = 0;
}
ListNode *new_node(int level, pair<int, int> val) {
nodes[cnt].levels.resize(level);
for (int i = 0; i < level; i++) {
nodes[cnt].levels[i].forward = nullptr;
nodes[cnt].levels[i].span = 0;
}
nodes[cnt].val = val;
return &nodes[cnt++];
}
}
struct SkipList {
ListNode *header;
int level;
int length;
void init() {
memory::init();
srand(time(0));
level = 1;
length = 0;
header = memory::new_node(MAX_LEVEL, make_pair(0, 0));
}
int get_level() {
int level = 1;
while (rand() % 2 && level + 1 < MAX_LEVEL)
level++;
return level;
}
void insert(pair<int, int> x) {
ListNode *update[MAX_LEVEL];
int rank[MAX_LEVEL];
ListNode *p = header;
for (int i = level - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
rank[i] = i == (level - 1) ? 0 : rank[i + 1];
while (p->levels[i].forward && p->levels[i].forward->val <= x) {
rank[i] += p->levels[i].span;
p = p->levels[i].forward;
}
update[i] = p;
}
if (p != header && p->val == x)
return;
int level_of_node = get_level();
if (level_of_node > level) {
for (int i = level; i < level_of_node; i++) {
header->levels[i].span = length;
update[i] = header;
rank[i] = 0;
}
level = level_of_node;
}
ListNode *node = memory::new_node(level_of_node, x);
for (int i = 0; i < level_of_node; i++) {
node->levels[i].forward = update[i]->levels[i].forward;
node->levels[i].span = update[i]->levels[i].span - (rank[0] - rank[i]);
update[i]->levels[i].forward = node;
update[i]->levels[i].span = rank[0] - rank[i] + 1;
}
for (int i = level_of_node; i < level; i++) {
update[i]->levels[i].span++;
}
length++;
}
pair<int, int> find(pair<int, int> x) {
ListNode *p = header;
for (int i = level - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
while (p->levels[i].forward && p->levels[i].forward->val < x)
p = p->levels[i].forward;
}
if (p == header) {
p = p->levels[0].forward;
return p->val;
}
if (p->levels[0].forward && p->levels[0].forward->val.first - x.first < x.first - p->val.first) {
p = p->levels[0].forward;
}
return p->val;
}
} skip_list;
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
int n;
while (true) {
scanf("%d", &n);
if (n == 0) break;
skip_list.init();
skip_list.insert(make_pair(1000000000, 1));
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int k, g;
scanf("%d%d", &k, &g);
printf("%d %d\n", k, skip_list.find(make_pair(g, k)).second);
skip_list.insert(make_pair(g, k));
}
}
return 0;
}
/**
3
2 1
3 3
4 2
0
2 1
3 2
4 2
*/
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ToRapture/p/11898590.html
时间: 2024-10-11 14:16:56