MySQL主从搭建
主库搭建见博文：
http://zhanghongxin.blog.51cto.com/11255031/1847059
主库搭建好后：
1、打包备份数据
（1）对数据库锁表只读
>flush table with read lock;
（2）默认情况下自动解锁的时间
>show variables like ‘%timeout%‘;
（3）锁表后查看主库状态
信息要记录在案,从库连接主库时需要用到
>show master status;
或
# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S/data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show master status"
（4）锁表后开新的窗口，数据量很大（50G以上），允许停机，停机打包
#mkdir -p /server/backup
(5)打包数据
#mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock--events -A -B|gzip >/server/backup/mysql_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz
(6)解锁数据库
#unlock tables;
从库搭建
1、安装MySQL需要的依赖包和编译软件
（1）安装MySQL需要的依赖包
#yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y
（2）安装编译MySQL需要的软件
#tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
#cd cmake-2.8.8
#./configure
#gmake && gmake install
或者直接yum安装
#yum -y install cmake
2、开始安装MySQL数据库
（1）建立MySQL用户
#useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
(2)采用编译方式安装MySQL
#tar xf mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz
#cd mysql-5.5.49
#cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.49-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/tmp/mysql.sock-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0
#make && make install
#ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.49/ /application/mysql
（3）配置从库配置文件
#mkdir –p /data/3307/data
#vim /data/3307/my.cnf
[client] port = 3307 socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user =mysql port =3307 socket =/data/3307/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3307/data open_files_limit = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3307/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 3 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3307/mysql_3307.err pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid
（4）配置从库启动文件
#vim /data/3307/mysql
#!/bin/sh
################################################
#init
port=3307
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="123456"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e"$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 >/dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL isrunning...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock"];then
printf "MySQL isstopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "StopingMySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin-u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "RestartingMySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage:/data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
（5）修改文件权限
#chown -R mysql.mysql /data
#chmod 700 /data/3307/mysql
配置全局变量
#echo ‘export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH‘>>/etc/profile
#source /etc/profile
初始化数据库
#cd /application/mysql/scripts
#./mysql_install_db--basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --user=mysql
启动数据库
#/data/3307/mysql start
登录数据库
#mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
设置登陆密码
#mysqladmin -u root -S /data/3307/mysql.sockpassword ‘123456‘
#mysql -uroot -p -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
降权启动
#find /data -type f -name "mysql"|xargschmod 700
#find /data -type f -name "mysql" -execchown root.root {} \;
设置开机自启
#echo "#mysql multi instances">>/etc/rc.local
#echo "/data/3307/mysql start">>/etc/rc.local
登录数据库
#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
#show variables like ‘server_id‘;
删除不需要的库
#select user,host from mysql.user;
#drop user ‘root‘@‘::1‘;
#drop user ‘‘@‘db02‘;
#drop user ‘root‘@‘db02‘;
#drop user ‘‘@‘localhost‘;
#flush privileges;
从库连接主库配置信息
登录从库执行
>CHANGE MASTER TO >MASTER_HOST=‘10.0.0.51‘, <==主库IP >MASTER_PORT=3306, <==主库端口号 >MASTER_USER=‘rep‘, <==复制帐号 >MASTER_PASSWORD=‘123456‘, <==rep用户的密码 >MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000002‘,<==主库执行showmaster status;查看到的二进制日志文件名称 >MASTER_LOG_POS=729; <==主库执行show master status;查看到的二进制日志偏移
启动从库复制开关
#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e"start slave;"
#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e"show slave status\G;"
Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
其中显示有上面两行内容表示主从以开始同步
将主库打包数据还原到从库
# gzip -dmysql_bak.2016-08-25.sql.gz
# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S/data/3307/mysql.sock <mysql_bak.2016-08-25.sql
时间： 2024-08-29 10:30:32