继上篇 MySQL 基本操作语句 后，个人测试和补充了 SqlServer 与 MySQL 的 基本操作语句对比，主要是对比SQL命令的一些差异，不作更多说明。
（由于mysql 没有系统学习过，欢迎大侠们拍砖~~）
SqlServer版本：SqlServer 2008
MySQL版本： MySQL 5.5
执行符号：
MySQL ：分号‘;‘
SqlServer ：字符‘GO‘
自增列：MySQL必须要索引，不能设置增量；
默认值：MySQL默认值不用加括号；SqlServer可加或不加；
--MySQL
CREATE TABLE
tabName(
ID INT
PRIMARY KEY
AUTO_INCREMENT,
Value INT
DEFAULT 12
) AUTO_INCREMENT
= 100 ENGINE=MyISAM
DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
--SqlServer
CREATE TABLE
tabName(
ID INT
IDENTITY(100,1)
PRIMARY KEY,
Value INT
DEFAULT(12)
)
查看表结构定义：
--SqlServer
EXEC sp_help‘tabName‘
--MySQL
DESC tabName
更改表名：
--SqlServer
EXEC sys.sp_rename@objname
= N‘tabName‘,
@newname =
‘newTabName‘
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE
tabName RENAME newTabName
更改字段类型：
--SqlServer
ALTER TABLE
[dbo].[tabName]
ALTER COLUMN
[ID] BIGINT
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE
tabName MODIFY ID
BIGINT
更改字段名：
--SqlServer
EXEC sys.sp_rename@objname
= N‘tabName.ID‘,@newname
= ‘IewID‘,@objtype
= ‘column‘
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE
tabName CHANGE ID
IewID BIGINT
添加字段：（一样）
--SqlServer
ALTER TABLE
[dbo].[tabName]
ADD NAME
NVARCHAR(200)
NULL
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE
tabName ADD NAME
NVARCHAR(200)
NULL
删除字段：
--SqlServer
ALTER TABLE
[dbo].[tabName]
DROP COLUMN
NAME
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE
tabName DROP NAME
添加主键/外键或约束：
--SqlServer
ALTER TABLE
[dbo].[tabName]
ADD CONSTRAINT
pk_tabNamePRIMARY
KEY (id);
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE
tabName ADD
CONSTRAINT pk_tabNamePRIMARY
KEY tabName(id);
ALTER TABLE
subTabName ADD
CONSTRAINT fk_subTabName_tabNameFOREIGN
KEY subTabName(fid)
REFERENCES tabName(id);
删除主键/外键或约束：
--SqlServer（统一语法）
ALTER TABLE
[dbo].[tabName]
DROP CONSTRAINT
pk_tabName
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE
tabName DROP
CONSTRAINT constaintName
ALTER TABLE
tabName DROP
PRIMARY KEY pk_tabName
ALTER TABLE
subTabName DROP FOREIGN
KEY fk_subTabName_tabName
删除表：
--SqlServer
DROP TABLE
tabName,TabName2;
--MySQL
DROP TABLE
IF EXISTS tabName,TabName2;
#######################################################################################
创建视图：
--MySQL
CREATE OR
REPLACE VIEW
VtabName
AS
SELECT *
FROM tabName
WITH CHECK
OPTION;
--SqlServer
CREATE VIEW
VtabName
AS
SELECT *
FROM tabName
WITH CHECK
OPTION;
视图结构和定义：
--MySQL
DESC VtabName;
SHOW CREATE
VIEW VtabName;
SHOW TABLE
STATUS LIKE ‘VtabName‘;
--SqlServer
sp_help
VtabName
sp_helptext VtabName
删除视图：
--MySQL
DROP VIEW
tabName;
DROP VIEW
IF EXISTS tabName;
--SqlServer
DROP VIEW
tabName;
#######################################################################################
创建索引：
--MySQL
CREATE TABLE
tabName(
id INT NOT
NULL,KEY
indName(id))
;
ALTER TABLE
tabName ADD
INDEX indName(Value);
CREATE UNIQUE
INDEX indName ON
tabName(Value);
--SqlServer
CREATE TABLE
tabName(ID
INT IDENTITY(100,1)
CONSTRAINT PK_tabNamePRIMARY
KEY)
CREATE UNIQUE
INDEX indName ON
tabName(Value);
重建索引：
--MySQL
REPAIR TABLE
tabName QUICK;
--SqlServer
DBCC DBREINDEX(‘dbo.tabName‘,‘‘,100)
ALTER INDEX
indName ON
tabName REBUILD;
ALTER INDEX
ALL ON tabName
REORGANIZE;
删除索引：
--MySQL
ALTER TABLE
tabName DROP
INDEX indName;
ALTER TABLE
tabName DROP
PRIMARY KEY pk_tabName;
ALTER TABLE
subTabName DROP
FOREIGN KEY fk_subTabName_tabName;
DROP INDEX
indName ON tabName;
--SqlServer
DROP INDEX
indName ON tabName;
ALTER TABLE
tabName DROP CONSTRAINT
PK_tabName
查看索引：
--MySQL
SHOW INDEX
FROM tabName;
--SqlServer
SELECT *
FROM sys.indexes
WHERE object_id
= OBJECT_ID(‘tabName‘)
SELECT *
FROM sys.sysindexes
WHERE id
= OBJECT_ID(‘tabName‘)
#######################################################################################
查看存储过程/函数定义：
--MySQL
SHOW CREATE
{ PROCEDURE
| FUNCTION }
name ;
SHOW {
PROCEDURE |
FUNCTION } STATUS
[ LIKE ‘pattern‘];
SELECT *
FROM information_schema.Routines
WHERE ROUTINE_NAME=‘name‘;
--SqlServer
exec sp_helpf_getdate
exec sp_helptextf_getdate
SELECT *
FROM information_schema.Routines
WHERE ROUTINE_NAME=‘name‘;
存储过程：
--MySQL
DELIMITER
//
CREATE PROCEDURE
sp_name(IN
param1 INT,OUT
param2 INT)
BEGIN
{sql_statement}
END//
DELIMITER
;
CALL sp_name();
DROP PROCEDURE
IF EXISTS
sp_name;
--SqlServer
CREATE PROCEDURE
sp_name(@param1
INT,@param2
INT OUTPUT)
AS
BEGIN
{sql_statement}
END
GO
EXEC sp_name();
DROP PROCEDURE
sp_name;
函数：
--MySQL
DELIMITER
//
CREATE FUNCTION
fn_name()
RETURNS
Decimal(10,2)
RETURN 3.14;
//
DELIMITER
;
SELECT fn_name();
DROP PROCEDURE
IF EXISTS
fn_name;
--SqlServer
CREATE FUNCTION
dbo.fn_name()
RETURNS
Decimal(10,2)
AS
BEGIN
RETURN 3.14
END
GO
SELECT dbo.fn_name();
DROP FUNCTION
dbo.fn_name;
触发器：
--MySQL
DELIMITER
//
CREATE TRIGGER
tr_name
{ AFTER
| BEFORE
} { INSERT
| UPDATE
| DELETE }
ON tabName
FOR EACH
ROW
BEGIN
{sql_statement;}
END
DELIMITER
;
DROP TRIGGER
IF EXISTS tr_name;
--SqlServer
CREATE TRIGGER
dbo.tr_name
ON [dbo].[tabName]
{ FOR
| AFTER
| INSTEAD OF
} {
INSERT | UPDATE
| DELETE
}
AS
BEGIN
{sql_statement;}
END
GO
DROP TRIGGER
dbo.tr_name
#######################################################################################
循环语句：
--MySQL（1至100之和）
WHILE 循环：
DELIMITER
//
CREATE PROCEDURE
TESTPRO()
BEGIN
DECLARE
I,K
INTDEFAULT 0 ;
WHILE I
<= 100 DO
SET K
= I
+ K;
SET I
= I
+ 1;
END WHILE;
SELECT K;
END;//
DELIMITER
;
REPEAT UNTIL 循环：
DELIMITER
//
CREATE PROCEDURE
TESTPRO()
BEGIN
DECLARE
I,K
INTDEFAULT 0 ;
REPEAT
SET K
= I
+ K;
SET I
= I
+ 1;
UNTIL I>100
END REPEAT;
SELECT K;
END;//
DELIMITER
;
LOOP 循环：
DELIMITER
//
CREATE PROCEDURE
TESTPRO()
BEGIN
DECLARE
I,K
INTDEFAULT 0 ;
LABEL: LOOP
SET K
= I
+ K;
SET I
= I
+ 1;
IF I>100
THEN
LEAVE LABEL;
END IF;
END LOOP;
SELECT K;
END;//
DELIMITER
;
CALL TESTPRO();
DROP PROCEDURE
IF EXISTS
TESTPRO;
--SqlServer
DECLARE
@I INT = 1
DECLARE
@K INT = 0
WHILE @I
<= 100
BEGIN
SET
@K = @K
+ @I
SET
@I = @I
+ 1
END
SELECT @K
游标：
--MySQL(参数名称不能与列明一样)
DELIMITER
//
CREATE PROCEDURE
TESTPRO()
BEGIN
DECLARE
FName varchar(50);
DECLARE
LName varchar(50);
DECLARE
IsDone BOOLEAN DEFAULT
FALSE;
DECLARE
cursor_name CURSOR
FOR SELECT FirstName,LastName
FROM Person;
DECLARE
CONTINUE HANDLER
FOR NOT FOUND
SET IsDone
= TRUE;
OPEN cursor_name;
LABEL: LOOP
FETCH
cursor_name INTO
FName,LName;
IF IsDone
THEN
LEAVE
LABEL;
END
IF;
SELECT
CONCAT(‘Contact Name:‘,FName,LName)
AS Name;
END LOOP;
CLOSE cursor_name;
END;//
DELIMITER ;
--SqlServer
DECLARE
@LastName varchar(50),
@FirstName varchar(50);
DECLARE
contact_cursor CURSOR
FOR SELECT LastName,
FirstName FROM Person
OPEN contact_cursor;
FETCH NEXT
FROM contact_cursor
INTO @LastName,
@FirstName;
WHILE
@@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SELECT
‘Contact Name: ‘ +
@FirstName + ‘ ‘
+ @LastName
FETCH
NEXT FROM contact_cursor
INTO @LastName,
@FirstName;
END
CLOSE contact_cursor;
DEALLOCATE
contact_cursor;
GO
#######################################################################################
查看账户信息：
--MySQL
select Host,User,Password
from mysql.user;
show grants
for ‘username‘@‘localhost‘;
--SqlServer
select *
from sys.syslogins
select *
from sys.sysusers
where issqluser
= 1
添加账户：
--MySQL(insertinto mysql.user 默认禁止,去掉my.init\sql-mode\STRICT_TRANS_TABLES)
CREATE
USER ‘username‘@‘localhost‘
IDENTIFIEDBY
‘password‘;
INSERT INTO
mysql.user(Host,User,Password)
VALUES (‘localhost‘,‘username‘,PASSWORD(‘password‘))
;
--SqlServer
USE [master]
GO
CREATE LOGIN
[username] WITH
PASSWORD=N‘password‘
,CHECK_POLICY=OFF
GO
USE [YourDatabase]
GO
CREATE
USER [username] FOR
LOGIN [username]
GO
更改密码：
--MySQL
mysqladmin
-uusername -p123456
password 654321
set password=password("kk");
set password
for ‘username‘@‘localhost‘
= password(‘123456‘);
update mysql.user
set Password
= PASSWORD(‘123456‘)
WHERE user=‘username‘;
flush privileges;
--SqlServer
ALTER LOGIN
[username] WITH
PASSWORD=N‘123456‘
sp_password
@new = ‘123456‘,@loginame
= ‘username‘--,@old = ‘old_password‘
授权和回收权限：(SqlServer
服务器角色和数据库角色相关操作)
--MySQL
GRANT SELECT
on *.*
to ‘username‘@‘localhost‘
identified by
‘password‘;
REVOKE all
privileges,
grant option FROM
‘username‘@‘localhost‘;
--SqlServer
USE [master]
GRANT CONNECT
SQL TO
[username]
REVOKE CONNECT
SQL TO
[username]
EXEC master..sp_addsrvrolemember@loginame
= N‘username‘,
@rolename =
N‘sysadmin‘
EXEC master..sp_dropsrvrolemember@loginame
= N‘username‘
,@rolename =
N‘sysadmin‘
GO
USE [YourDatabase]
GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,SELECT
ON [dbo].[TestTab]
TO [username]
REVOKE INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,SELECT
ON [dbo].[TestTab]
TO [username]
EXEC sp_addrolememberN‘db_owner‘,
N‘username‘
EXEC sp_droprolememberN‘db_owner‘,
N‘username‘
GO
删除账户：
--MySQL
DROP
user ‘username‘@‘localhost‘;
DELETE FROM
mysql.user
WHERE user=‘username‘;
--SqlServer
USE [master]
GO
DROP LOGIN
[TUser]
sp_droplogin
@loginame = ‘username‘
GO
USE [YourDatabase]
GO
DROP
USER [TUser]
sp_dropuser
@name_in_db = ‘username‘
GO